Dickkopf-1 in ankylosing spondylitis: Relation to spinal dysmobility and radiographic findings

Van der Heijde, 2008, Radiographic findings following two years of infliximab therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Arthritis Rheum, 58, 3063, 10.1002/art.23901 Benjamin, 2009, Evidence for a distinctive pattern of bone formation in enthesophytes, Ann Rheum Dis, 68, 1003, 10.1136/ard.2008.091074 Lories, 2009, Progress in spondylarthritis: mechanisms of new bone formation in spondyloarthritis, Arthritis Res Ther, 11, 221, 10.1186/ar2642 Goldring, 2007, Eating bone or adding it: the Wnt pathway decides, Nat Med, 13, 133, 10.1038/nm0207-133 Johnson, 2007, The Wnt signaling pathway and bone metabolism, Curr Opin Rheumatol, 19, 376, 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32816e06f9 Maksymowych, 2010, Biomarkers in spondyloarthritis, Curr Rheumatol Rep, 12, 318, 10.1007/s11926-010-0127-9 Holmen, 2004, Decreased BMD and limb deformities in mice carrying mutations in both Lrp5 and Lrp6, J Bone Miner Res, 19, 2033, 10.1359/jbmr.040907 Bafico, 2001, Novel mechanism of Wnt signalling inhibition mediated by Dickkopf-1 interaction with LRP6/Arrow, Nat Cell Biol, 3, 683, 10.1038/35083081 Morvan, 2006, Deletion of a single allele of the Dkk1 gene leads to an increase in bone formation and bone mass, J Bone Miner Res, 21, 934, 10.1359/jbmr.060311 Diarra, 2007, Dickkopf-1 is a master regulator of joint remodeling, Nat Med, 13, 156, 10.1038/nm1538 Daoussis, 2011, The emerging role of Dickkopf-1 in bone biology: is it the main switch controlling bone and joint remodeling, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 41, 170, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.01.006 Daoussis, 2010, Evidence that DKK-1 is dysfunctional in ankylosing spondylitis, Arth Rheum, 62, 150, 10.1002/art.27231 Kwon S, Lim M, Suh C, Park S, Hong Y, Yoon B, et al. Dickkopf-1 level is lower in patients with ankylosing spodylitis than in healthy people and is not influenced by anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Rheumat Int 2011. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.007/Soo296-011-1981-0. Kim TJ, Lee SJ, Cho YN, Park SC, Jin HM, Kim MJ, et al. Immune cells and bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012 [Epub ahead of print]. Van Der Linden, 1984, Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis a proposal for modification of New York criteria, Arth Rheum, 27, 361, 10.1002/art.1780270401 Garrett, 1994, A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), J Rheumatol, 21, 2286 Jenkinson, 1994, Defining spinal mobility in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The Bath AS Metrology Index, J Rheumatol, 21, 1694 Van Der Heijde, 1999, Selection of instruments in the core set for DC-ART, SMARD, physical therapy and clinical record keeping in ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical assessment to thoracic mobility according to ASAS core set, J Rheumatol, 26, 951 Moll, 1971, Normal range of spinal mobility: an objective clinical study, Ann Rheum Dis, 30, 381, 10.1136/ard.30.4.381 Mackay, 1998, The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI). A new validated approach to disease assessment, Arthritis Rheum, 41, 2263, 10.1002/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2263::AID-ART23>3.0.CO;2-I Creemers, 2005, Assessment of outcome in ankylosing spondylitis: an extended radiographic scoring system, Ann Rheum Dis, 64, 127, 10.1136/ard.2004.020503 Scharstuhl, 2003, Reduction of osteophyte formation and synovial thickening by adenoviral over expression of transforming growth factor beta/bone morphegenetic protein inhibitors during experimental osteoarthritis, Arth Rheum, 48, 3442, 10.1002/art.11328 Lories, 2007, Bone morphogenetic proteins in destructive and remodeling arthritis, Arthritis Res Ther, 9, 207, 10.1186/ar2135 Heiland, 2011, High level of functional dickkopf-1 predicts protection from syndesmophyte formation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Ann Rheum Dis Lories, 2007, Evidence for uncoupling of inflammation and joint remodeling in a mouse model of spondylarthritis, Arthritis Rheum, 56, 489, 10.1002/art.22372 Sieper, 2008, Critical appraisal of assessment of structural damage in ankylosing spondylitis: implications for treatment outcomes, Arthritis Rheum, 58, 649, 10.1002/art.23260 Uderhardt, 2010, Blockade of Dickkopf (DKK)-1 induces fusion of sacroiliac joints?, Ann Rheum Dis, 69, 592, 10.1136/ard.2008.102046 Schett, 2007, TNF blockers and structural remodeling in ankylosing spondylitis—what is reality and what is fiction?, Ann Rheum Dis, 66, 709, 10.1136/ard.2007.071159 Maksymowych, 2009, What do biomarkers tell us about the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis?, Arthritis Res Ther, 11, 101, 10.1186/ar2565