Diagenetic transformations and preservation of free and bound lipids in a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Abed, 2010, Bacterial diversity, pigments and nitrogen fixation of biological desert crusts from the Sultanate of Oman, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 72, 418, 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00854.x Al-Thukair, 2007, Microbial community structure of cyanobacteria mats in the intertidal zone of oil-polluted coasted of Saudi Arabia, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54, 173, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.08.043 Allen, 2010, Lipid biomarkers in Hamelin Pool microbial mats and stromatolites, Organic Geochemistry, 41, 1207, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.07.007 Apon, 1975, The determination of the position isomers of the methyl branched fatty acid methyl esters by capillary GC/MS, Journal of Chromatographic Science, 13, 467, 10.1093/chromsci/13.10.467 Banta, 2015, A distinct pathway for tetrahymanol synthesis in bacteria, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, 13478, 10.1073/pnas.1511482112 Belin, 2018, Hopanoid lipids: from membranes to plant-bacteria interactions, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16, 304, 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.173 Bishop, 1998, Release of kerogen bound hopanoids by hydropyrolysis, Organic Geochemistry, 29, 989, 10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00140-5 Bligh, 1959, A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37, 911, 10.1139/y59-099 Blumenberg, 2006, Biosynthesis of hopanoids by sulfate-reducing bacteria (genus Desulfovibrio), Environmental Microbiology, 8, 1220, 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01014.x Blumenberg, 2015, Organic matter preservation in the carbonate matrix of a recent microbial mat – Is there a ‘mat seal effect’?, Organic Geochemistry, 87, 25, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.07.005 Bravo, 2001, Novel methylated triterpenoids of the gammacerane series from nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110, European Journal of Biochemistry, 268, 1323, 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01998.x Bühring, 2009, A hypersaline microbial mat from the Pacific Atoll Kiritimati: insights into composition and carbon fixation using biomarker analyses and a 13C labelling approach, Geobiology, 7, 308, 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00198.x Burdige, 2007, Preservation of organic matter in marine sediments: Controls, mechanisms, and an imbalance in sediment organic carbon budgets?, Chemical Reviews, 107, 467, 10.1021/cr050347q Cámara, 2016, Biosignatures and microbial fossils in endolithic microbial communities colonising Ca sulfate crusts in the Atacama Desert, Chemical Geology, 443, 22, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.09.019 Canfield, 1993, Biogeochemical cycles of carbon, sulfur, and free oxygen in a microbial mat, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 3971, 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90347-Y Canfield, 1994, Cycling of carbon, sulfur, oxygen, and nutrients in a microbial mat, 255 Caudales, 2000, Cellular fatty acid composition of cyanobacteria assigned to subsection II, order Pleurocapsales, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 50, 1029, 10.1099/00207713-50-3-1029 Chaves Torres, 2019, Selective chemical degradation of silica sinters of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand). Implications for early Earth and Astrobiology, Geobiology, 17, 449, 10.1111/gbi.12340 Chitwood, 1986, Recent developments in nematode steroid biochemistry, Journal of Nematology, 18, 9 Cordova-Gonzalez, 2020, Carbon stable isotope patterns of cyclic terpenoids: A comparison if cultures alkaliphilic aerobic methanotrophic bacteria and methane-seep environments, Organic Geochemistry, 139, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.103940 Des Marais, 1991, Microbial mats, stromatolites, and the rise of oxygen in the Precambrian atmosphere, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology, 97, 93, 10.1016/0031-0182(91)90185-T Des Marais, 1995, The biogeochemistry of hypersaline microbial mats, vol. 14, 251 Des Marais, 2001, Isotopic evolution of the biogeochemical carbon cycle during the Precambrian, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 43, 555, 10.2138/gsrmg.43.1.555 Des Marais, 2003, Biogeochemistry of hypersaline microbial mats illustrates the dynamics of modern microbial ecosystems and the early evolution of the biosphere, Biological Bulletin, 204, 160, 10.2307/1543552 Des Marais, 2010, Marine hypersaline Microcoleus-dominated cyanobacterial mats in the saltern at Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico, vol. 14, 401 Des Marais, 1994, The carbon isotope biogeochemistry of microbial mats, 289 Des Marais, 1989, Carbon isotopic trends in the hypersaline ponds and microbial mats at Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico: Implications for Precambrian stromatolites, 191 Des Marais, 1992, Case study of a modern microbial mat-building community: the submerged cyanobacterial mats of Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 325 Dunstan, 1993, Changes in the lipid composition and maximalization of the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of three microalgae grown in mass culture, Journal of Applied Phycology, 5, 71, 10.1007/BF02182424 Farmer, 1992, Grazing and bioturbation in modern microbial mats, 295 Farrimond, 2003, Evidence for rapid incorporation of hopanoids into kerogen, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67, 1383, 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01287-5 Fox, 2019, Radiolysis of macromolecular organic material in Mars-relevant mineral matrices, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 124, 3257, 10.1029/2019JE006072 Franck, 2008, Whole genome transcriptional profiling of Bradyrhizobium japonicum during chemoautotrophic growth, Journal of Bacteriology, 190, 6697, 10.1128/JB.00543-08 Goldfine, 2010, The appearance, disappearance and reappearance of plasmalogens in evolution, Progress in Lipid Research, 49, 493, 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.07.003 Goldfine, 1971, Phospholipids of Clostridium butyricum. IV Analysis of positional isomers of monounsaturated and cyclopropane fatty acids and alk-1′-enyl ethers by capillary column chromatography, Journal of Lipid Research, 12, 214, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)39532-8 Grotzinger, 1999, Stromatolites in Precambrian carbonates: evolutionary mileposts or environmental dipsticks?, Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 27, 313, 10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.313 Grotzinger, 2014, A habitable fluvio lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars, Science, 343, 1242777, 10.1126/science.1242777 Guy, 1993, Photosynthetic fractionation of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon, Plant Physiology, 101, 620, 10.1104/pp.101.1.37 Harris, 2013, Phylogenetic stratigraphy in the Guerrero Negro hypersaline microbial mat, The ISME Journal, 7, 50, 10.1038/ismej.2012.79 Hedrick, 2008, Multiply methyl-branched fatty acids and diacids in the polar lipids of a microaerophilic subsurface microbial community, Lipids, 43, 843, 10.1007/s11745-008-3206-1 Holser, 1981, Geochemistry and ecology of salt pans at Guerrero Negro B.C.S, 3 Houghton, 2014, Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localised δ13Corg fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats, Geobiology, 12, 557, 10.1111/gbi.12113 Huerta-Diaz, 2011, Iron and trace metals in microbial mats and underlying sediments: results from Guerrero Negro Saltern, Baja California Sur, Mexico, Aquatic Geochemistry, 17, 603, 10.1007/s10498-011-9126-3 Huerta-Diaz, 2012, Millimeter-scale resolution of trace metal distributions in microbial mats from a hypersaline environment in Baja California, Mexico, Geobiology, 10, 531, 10.1111/gbi.12008 Jahnke, 1992, Presence of methyl sterol and bacteriohopanepolyol in an outer-membrane preparation from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath), Microbiology, 138, 1759 Jahnke, 2008, Lipid biomarker and phylogenetic analyses to reveal archaeal biodiversity and distribution in hypersaline microbial mat and underlying sediment, Geobiology, 6, 394, 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2008.00165.x Jahnke, 2014, Molecular and lipid biomarker analysis of a gypsum-hosted endoevaporitic microbial community, Geobiology, 12, 62, 10.1111/gbi.12068 Jahnke, 2019, Carbon isotopic composition of lipid biomarkers from an endoevaporitic gypsum crust microbial mat reveals cycling of mineralized organic carbon, Geobiology, 17, 643, 10.1111/gbi.12355 Javor, 1983, Nutrients and ecology of the Western Salt and Exportadora de Sal Saltern brines, 195 Jiang, 2012, Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidising bacteria found in Dongsheng uranium deposit, Chinese Science Bulletin, 57, 1311, 10.1007/s11434-011-4955-4 Jungblut, 2009, Lipid biomarker analysis of cyanobacterial-dominated microbial mats in meltwater ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Organic Geochemistry, 40, 258, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.10.002 Kates, M., 1986. Techniques of lipidology: isolation, analysis and identification of lipids. In: Bubon, R.H., van Knippenberg, P.H. (Eds.), Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 3. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 187–188. Kenig, 1995, Occurrence and origin of mono-, di-, and trimethylalkanes in modern and Holocene cyanobacterial mats from Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 2999, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00190-5 Klappenbach, 2004, Phylogenetic and physiological characterization of a filamentous anoxygenic photoautotrophic bacterium ‘Candidatus Chlorothrix halophila’ gen. nov., sp., nov., recovered from hypersaline microbial mats, Archives in Microbiology, 181, 17, 10.1007/s00203-003-0615-7 Koga, 2007, Biosynthesis of ether-type polar lipids in archaea and evolutionary considerations, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 71, 97, 10.1128/MMBR.00033-06 Kohnen, 1990, Origin and diagenetic transformation of C25 and C30 highly branched isoprenoid sulphur compounds: further evidence for the formation of organically-bound sulphur during diagenesis, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 3053, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90121-Z Kubo, 2011, Sulfur-metabolising bacterial populations in microbial mats of the Nakabusa hot spring, Japan, Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 34, 293, 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.12.002 Lee, 2013, Carbon isotopes and lipid biomarkers from organic-rich facies of the Shuram Formation, Sultanate of Oman, Geobiology, 11, 406, 10.1111/gbi.12045 Lee, 2015, Marine organic matter cycling during the Ediacaran Shuram excursion, Geology, 43, 1103 Lee, 2019, Early diagenetic sequestration of microbial mat lipid biomarkers through covalent binding into insoluble macromolecular organic matter (IMOM) as revealed by sequential chemolysis and catalytic hydropyrolysis, Organic Geochemistry, 132, 11, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.04.002 Ley, 2006, Unexpected microbial diversity and complexity of the Guerrero Negro hypersaline microbial mat, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72, 3685, 10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006 Los, 2015, Modes of fatty acid desaturation in cyanobacteria: an update, Life, 5, 554, 10.3390/life5010554 Love, 2005, An optimised catalytic hydropyrolysis method for the rapid screening of microbial cultures for lipid biomarkers, Organic Geochemistry, 36, 63, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.07.010 Love, G.D., Stalvies, C., Grosjean, E., Meredith, W., Snape, C.E., 2008. Analysis of molecular biomarkers covalently bound within Neoproterozoic sedimentary kerogen: In: Kelley, P.H., Bambach, R.K. (Eds.), From Evolution to Geobiology: Research Questions Driving Paleontology at the Start of a New Century. Paleontological Society Short Course, Paleontological Society Papers, vol. 14, pp. 67–83. Mangiarotti, 2019, Hopanoids, like sterols, modulate dynamics, compaction, phase segregation and permeability of membranes, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Biomembranes, 1861, 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183060 Momper, 2019, Metabolic versatility in a modern lineage of cyanobacteria from terrestrial hot springs, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 140, 224, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.036 Muschitiello, 2015, The C20 highly branched isoprenoid biomarker – a new diatom-sourced proxy for summer trophic conditions?, Organic Geochemistry, 81, 27, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.01.007 Orphan, 2008, Characterisation and spatial distribution of methanogens and methanogenic biosignatures in hypersaline microbial mats of Baja California, Geobiology, 6, 376, 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2008.00166.x Pagès, 2014, Organic geochemical studies of modern microbial mats from Shark Bay: Part I: Influence of depth and salinity on lipid biomarkers and their isotopic signatures, Geobiology, 12, 469, 10.1111/gbi.12094 Palmisano, 1989, Distribution and survival of lipophilic pigments in a laminated microbial mat community near Guerrero Negro, Mexico, 138 Pawlowska, 2013, Lipid taphonomy in the Proterozoic and the effect of microbial mats on biomarker preservation, Geology, 41, 103, 10.1130/G33525.1 Plet, 2018, From supratidal to subtidal, an integrated characterisation of Carbla Beach shallow microbial mats (Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, WA): Lipid biomarkers, stable carbon isotopes and microfabrics, Chemical Geology, 493, 338, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.06.010 Raven, 2016, Rapid organic matter sulfurization in sinking particles from the Cariaco Basin water column, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 190, 175, 10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.030 Řezanka, 1982, Hydrocarbons in green and blue-green algae, Folia Microbiologica, 27, 450, 10.1007/BF02876458 Risatti, 1994, Community structure of a microbial mat: The phylogenetic dimension, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91, 10173, 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10173 Robertson, 2009, Diversity and stratification of archaea in a hypersaline microbial mat, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75, 1801, 10.1128/AEM.01811-08 Rohmer, 1984, Distribution of hopanoid triterpenes in prokaryotes, Journal of General Microbiology, 130, 1137 Rontani, 2005, Lipid characterisation of coastal hypersaline microbial mats from Camargue (France), Organic Geochemistry, 36, 251, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.07.017 Schidlowski, 1994, Carbon isotope variations in solar pond microbial mat: role of environmental gradients in steering variables, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 2289, 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90011-6 Schinteie, 2014, Evidence for ancient halophiles? Testing biomarker syngeneity of evaporites from Neoproterozoic and Cambrian strata, Organic Geochemistry, 72, 46, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.04.009 Shen, 2018, Tracing the fate of steroids through a hypersaline microbial mat (Kiritimati, Kiribati/Central Pacific), Geobiology, 16, 307, 10.1111/gbi.12279 Shen, 2020, Sterol preservation in hypersaline microbial mats, Biogeosciences, 17, 649, 10.5194/bg-17-649-2020 Sinninghe Damsté, 1989, Quenching of labile functionalised lipids by inorganic sulphur species: evidence for the formation of sedimentary organic sulphur compounds at the early stages of diagenesis, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 1343, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90067-7 Słowakiewicz, 2016, Biogeochemistry of intertidal microbial mats from Qatar: New insights from organic matter characterisation, Organic Geochemistry, 102, 14, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.09.006 Spear, 2004, Complexity in natural microbial ecosystems: the Guerrero Negro experience, Biological Bulletin, 204, 168, 10.2307/1543553 Stal, 2012, Cyanobacterial mats and stromatolites, 65 Summons, 1999, 2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis, Nature, 400, 554, 10.1038/23005 Summons, 2006, Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 361, 951, 10.1098/rstb.2006.1837 Volkman, 1993, Geochemical significance of the occurrence of dinosterol and other 4-methyl sterols in a marine diatom, Organic Geochemistry, 20, 7, 10.1016/0146-6380(93)90076-N Volkman, 2003, Sterols in microorganisms, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 60, 495, 10.1007/s00253-002-1172-8 Walter, 1976 Walter, 1983, Archean stromatolites: evidence of the Earth’s earliest benthos, 187 Wei, 2016, Sterol synthesis in diverse bacteria, Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1, 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00990 Werne, 2000, Timing of early diagenetic sulfurization of organic matter: a precursor-product relationship in Holocene sediments of the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 1741, 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00366-X Wieland, 2001, Fine-scale measurement of diffusivity in a microbial mat with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Limnology and Oceanography, 46, 248, 10.4319/lo.2001.46.2.0248 Xia, 2021, A new constraint on the antiquity of ancient haloalkaliphilic green algae that flourished in a ca. 300 Ma Paleozoic lake, Geobiology, 19, 147, 10.1111/gbi.12423 Yon, 1982, 2,6,10-Trimethyl-7-(3-methylbutyl)-dodecane, a novel sedimentary biological marker compound, Tetrahedron Letters, 23, 2143, 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)87283-4 Zonneveld, 2010, Selective preservation of organic matter in marine environments; processes and impact on the sedimentary record, Biogeosciences, 7, 482, 10.5194/bg-7-483-2010