Development of a second-generation mathematical model for Urban air pollution—I. Model formulation

Arya, 1977, Suggested revision to certain boundary layer parameterization schemes used in atmospheric circulation models, Mon. Weath. Rev., 105, 215, 10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0215:SRTCBL>2.0.CO;2

Atkinson, 1978, Rate constants for the reaction of the OH radical with selected alkanes at 300° K, J. phys. Chem., 82, 1581, 10.1021/j100515a001

Baulch, 1980, Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry, J. phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 295, 10.1063/1.555619

Blumenthal, 1978, Anatomy of a Los Angeles smog episode: pollutant transport in the daytime sea breeze regime, Atmospheric Environment, 12, 893, 10.1016/0004-6981(78)90028-8

Braslau, 1973, Effect of aerosols on the transfer of solar energy through realistic model atmospheres, part I: non-absorbing aerosols, J. appl. Met., 12, 601, 10.1175/1520-0450(1973)012<0601:EOAOTT>2.0.CO;2

Braslau, 1973, Effect of aerosols on the transfer of solar energy through model atmospheres, part II: partly-absorbing aerosols, J. appl. Met., 12, 616, 10.1175/1520-0450(1973)012<0616:EOAOTT>2.0.CO;2

Briggs, 1969, Plume Rise, Atomic Energy Commission Review Series, NTIS TID-25075, 81

Briggs, 1975, Plume rise predictions, 59

Brutsaert, 1975, The roughness length for water vapor, sensible heat, and other Scalars, J. atmos. Sci., 32, 2028, 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<2029:TRLFWV>2.0.CO;2

Businger, 1971, Flux-Profile Relationship in the Atmospheric Surface Layer, J. atmos. Sci., 28, 181, 10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0181:FPRITA>2.0.CO;2

Carl, 1973, Profiles of wind and temperature from towers over homogeneous terrain, J. atmos. Sci., 30, 788, 10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<0788:POWATF>2.0.CO;2

Counihan, 1975, Adiabatic atmospheric boundary layers: a review and analysis of data from the period 1880–1972, Atmospheric Environment, 9, 871, 10.1016/0004-6981(75)90088-8

Crane, 1977, A model for dispersion from area sources in convective turbulence, Atmospheric Environment, 11, 893, 10.1016/0004-6981(77)90018-X

Deacon, 1949, Vertical diffusion in the lowest layers of the atmosphere, Q. Jl R. met. Soc., 75, 89, 10.1002/qj.49707532312

Deardorff, 1970, A three-dimensional numerical investigation of the idealized planetary boundary layer, Geophys. Fluid Dynamics, 1, 377, 10.1080/03091927009365780

Demerjian, 1980, Theoretical estimates of actinic (spherically integrated) flux and photolytic rate constants of atmospheric species in the lower troposphere, Adv. Envir. Sci. Technol., 10, 369

Eschenroeder, 1972, Concepts and applications of photochemical smog models, 113, 101

Falls, 1978, Continued development of a kinetic mechanism for photochemical smog, Envir. Sci. Technol., 12, 1398, 10.1021/es60148a005

Falls, 1979, Sensitivity and uncertainty of reaction mechanisms for photochemical air pollution, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 11, 1137, 10.1002/kin.550111102

Fichtl, 1970, Longitudinal and lateral spectra of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer at the Kennedy Space Center, J. appl. Met., 9, 51, 10.1175/1520-0450(1970)009<0051:LALSOT>2.0.CO;2

Galbally, 1971, Ozone profiles and ozone fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer, Q. Jl R. met. Soc., 97, 18, 10.1002/qj.49709741103

Galloway, 1976, Criteria for the use of vertical averaging in environmental dispersion models, Water Resour. Res., 12, 933, 10.1029/WR012i005p00933

Gent, 1977, A numerical model of the air flow above water waves Part II, J. Fluid Mech., 82, 349, 10.1017/S0022112077000706

Golder, 1972, Relations among stability parameters in the surface layer, Boundary-Layer Met., 3, 47, 10.1007/BF00769106

Goodin, 1979, A comparison of interpolation methods for sparse data: application to wind and concentration fields, J. appl. Met., 18, 761, 10.1175/1520-0450(1979)018<0761:ACOIMF>2.0.CO;2

Goodin, 1979, An objective analysis technique for constructing three-dimensional wind fields, J. appl. Met., 19, 98, 10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<0098:AOATFC>2.0.CO;2

Goodin, 1981, A reply, J. appl. Met., 20, 92, 10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<0092:R>2.0.CO;2

Graedel, 1976, Kinetic studies of the photochemistry of the urban troposphere, Atmospheric Environment, 10, 1095, 10.1016/0004-6981(76)90120-7

1978, 106

Hodgin, 1980, Logarithmic wind profile parameters applied to air quality assessment studies, 770

Hsu, 1974, A dynamic roughness equation and its application to wind stress determination at the air-sea interface, J. phys. Oceanogr., 4, 116, 10.1175/1520-0485(1974)004<0116:ADREAI>2.0.CO;2

Irwin, 1979, Scheme for Estimating Dispersion Parameters as a Function of Release Height, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA-600/4-79-062, 56

Kitaigorodskii, 1970, The Physics of Air-Sea Interaction, Israel Program for Scientific Translation, TT72-50062, 237

Lamb, 1975, Modeling of microscale phenomena

Lamb, 1977, Eddy diffusivities derived from a numerical model of the convective boundary layer, Il Nuova Cimento, 1c, 1

Liu, 1975, On the validity of grid and trajectory models of urban air pollution, Atmospheric Environment, 9, 553

Liu, 1976, Effects of atmospheric parameters on the concentration of photochemical air pollutants, J. appl. Met., 15, 829, 10.1175/1520-0450(1976)015<0829:EOAPOT>2.0.CO;2

Lloyd, 1979, Development of the ELSTAR Photochemical Air Quality Simulation Model and its Evaluation Relative to the LARPP Data Base, 292

Luther, 1976, Effects of molecular multiple scattering and surface albedo on atmospheric photodissociation rates, J. geophys. Res., 81, 1125, 10.1029/JC081i006p01125

MacCracken, 1978, The Livermore regional air quality model: I. concept and development, J. appl. Met., 17, 254, 10.1175/1520-0450(1978)017<0254:TLRAQM>2.0.CO;2

Manins, 1979, Partial penetration of an elevated inversion layer by chimney plumes, Atmospheric Environment, 13, 733, 10.1016/0004-6981(79)90203-8

Marchuk, 1975, Methods of Numerical Mathematics, 316

McRae, 1981, Mathematical modeling of photochemical air pollution

McRae, 1981, Development of a Comprehensive Mathematical Model for Photochemical Air Pollution, Final Report to the California Air Resources Board Under Contract Numbers A5-046-87 and A7-187-30

McRae, 1981, Numerical solution of the atmospheric diffusion equation for chemically reacting flows

Monin, 1971, Statistical Fluid Mechanics: Mechanics of Turbulence, 769

Myrup, 1976, A Consistent Scheme for Estimating Diffusivities to be Used in Air Quality Models, California Department of Transportation Report CA-DOT-TL-7169-3-76-32, 69

O'Brien, 1970, On the vertical structure of the eddy exchange coefficient in the planetary boundary layer, J. atmos. Sci., 27, 1213, 10.1175/1520-0469(1970)027<1213:ANOTVS>2.0.CO;2

Peterson, 1976, Calculated Actinic Fluxes (290–700 nm) for Air Pollution Photochemistry Application, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA-600/4-76-025, 63

Pitts, 1976, Chemical Consequences of Air Quality Standards and of Control Implementation Programs: Roles of Hydrocarbons, Oxides of Nitrogen and Aged Smog in the Production of Photochemical Oxidant, 444

Reynolds, 1973, Mathematical modeling of photochemical air pollution—I formulation of the model, Atmospheric Environment, 7, 1033, 10.1016/0004-6981(73)90214-X

Roache, 1976, Computational Fluid Dynamics, 446

Schere, 1977, Calculation of Selected Photolytic Rate Constants Over a Diurnal Range, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report EPA-600/4-77-015, 71

Seinfeld, 1975, Air Pollution: Physical and Chemical Fundamentals, 523

Shir, 1973, A preliminary numerical study of atmospheric turbulent flows in the idealized planetary boundary layer, J. atmos. Sci., 30, 1327, 10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<1327:APNSOA>2.0.CO;2

Slade, 1969, Wind measurements on a tall tower in rough and inhomogeneous terrain, J. appl. Met., 8, 293, 10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008<0293:WMOATT>2.0.CO;2

Smith, 1976, Analysis of the Data from the Three-Dimensional Gradient Study, Final Report submitted to the California Air Resources Board under contracts ARB-4-051 and ARB-4-250, 124

Stedman, 1977, Measurement of Photons Involved in Photochemical Oxidant Formation, Vol. II, 753

Stewart, 1974, The air-sea mass momentum exchange, Boundary-Layer Met., 6, 151, 10.1007/BF00232481

Touma, 1977, Dependence of the wind profile power law on stability for various locations, J. Air Pollut. Control Ass., 27, 863, 10.1080/00022470.1977.10470503

Weber, 1975, Atmospheric Turbulence in the Lowest 300 Meters, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report 600/4-75-004, 152

Wesely, 1977, Some factors that affect the deposition rates of sulfur dioxide and similar gases on vegetation, J. Air Pollut. Control Ass., 27, 1110, 10.1080/00022470.1977.10470534

Whitten, 1976, Mathematical Modeling of Simulated Photochemical Smog

Willis, 1976, A laboratory model of diffusion into the convective planetary boundary layer, Q. Jl R. Met. Soc., 102, 427, 10.1002/qj.49710243212

Woolf, 1967, On the Computation of Solar Elevation Angles and the Determination of Sunrise and Sunset Times, NASA Technical Memorandum 1646, 12

Wyngaard, 1975, Modeling the planetary boundary layer-extension to the stable case, Boundary-Layer Met., 9, 441, 10.1007/BF00223393

Yamada, 1977, A numerical experiment on pollutant dispersion in a horizontally-homogeneous atmospheric boundary layer, Atmospheric Environment, 11, 1015, 10.1016/0004-6981(77)90230-X

Yotsukura, 1977, Derivation of solute-transport equations for a turbulent natural-channel flow, J. Res. U.S. Geol. Surv., 5, 277

Yu, 1977, A comparative study on parameterization of vertical turbulent exchange process, Mon. Weath. Rev., 105, 57, 10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0057:ACSOPO>2.0.CO;2

Zafonte, 1977, Nitrogen dioxide photolysis in the Los Angeles atmosphere, Envir. Sci. Technol., 11, 483, 10.1021/es60128a006

Zeman, 1976, Modeling buoyancy driven mixed layers, J. atmos. Sci., 33, 1974, 10.1175/1520-0469(1976)033<1974:MBDML>2.0.CO;2