Weinstein M, Katz S, Weinstein AB. Permanent manufacturing corporation, assignee: fused porcelain-to-metal teeth. US Patent No. 3052982; 1962.
Tuccillo, 1983, Strengthening of dental porcelain, 53
Rand Research Incorporate. Alloy direct mail research report. Chicago; 1981.
Morris, 1987, Veterans administration cooperative studies project no. 147. Part IV. Biocompatibility of base metal alloys, J Prosthet Dent, 58, 1, 10.1016/S0022-3913(87)80132-4
Bumgardner, 1995, Cellular response to metallic ions released from nickel–chromium dental alloys, J Dent Res, 74, 1521, 10.1177/00220345950740081401
Counts, 2002, Nickel allergy associated with a transpalatal arch appliance, J Orofac Orthop, 63, 509, 10.1007/s00056-002-0128-z
Jia, 1999, Nickel release from orthodontic arch wires and cellular immune response to various nickel concentrations, J Biomed Mater Res Appl Biomater, 48, 488, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(1999)48:4<488::AID-JBM14>3.0.CO;2-D
Schmalz, 2002, Biological interactions of dental cast alloys with oral tissues, Dent Mater, 18, 396, 10.1016/S0109-5641(01)00063-X
Messer, 1999, Evaluations of metabolic activities as biocompatibility tools: a study of individual ions’ effects on fibroblasts, Dent Mater, 15, 1, 10.1016/S0109-5641(99)90023-4
Messer, 1999, Effects of metallic ion toxicity on human gingival fibroblasts morphology, Biomaterials, 20, 1647, 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00044-7
Issa, 2008, Cytotoxicity of metal ions to human oligodendroglial cells and human gingival fibroblasts assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, Dent Mater, 24, 281, 10.1016/j.dental.2007.09.010
Taira, 2001, Studies on cytotoxic effect of nickel ions in three cultured fibroblasts, J Mater Sci, 12, 373, 10.1023/A:1011295115612
Messer, 2000, Cytotoxicity of nickel–chromium alloys: bulk alloys compared to multiple ion salt solutions, Dent Mater, 16, 207, 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00010-5
Wataha, 2001, Relating nickel-induced tissue inflammation to nickel release in vivo, J Biomed Mater Res Appl Biomater, 58, 537, 10.1002/jbm.1052
Wylie, 2007, Corrosion of nickel-based dental casting alloys, Dent Mater, 23, 714, 10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.011
Huang, 2002, Effect of chemical composition on the corrosion behavior of Ni–Cr–Mo dental casting alloys, J Biomed Mater Res, 60, 458, 10.1002/jbm.10080
Faccioni, 2003, In vivo study on metal release from fixed orthodontic appliances and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 124, 687, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.09.010
Elshahawy, 2009, Elemental ion release from four different fixed prosthodontic materials, Dent Mater, 25, 976, 10.1016/j.dental.2009.02.004
Trombetta, 2005, Toxic effects of nickel in an in vitro model of human oral epithelium, Toxicol Lett, 159, 219, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.05.019
Wataha, 2000, Effect of silver, copper, mercury, and nickel ions on cellular proliferation during extended, low-dose exposure, J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 360, 10.1002/1097-4636(200011)52:2<360::AID-JBM16>3.0.CO;2-B
McGinley, 2011, Effects of surface finishing conditions on the biocompatibility of a nickel–chromium dental casting alloy, Dent Mater, 27, 637, 10.1016/j.dental.2011.03.004
Bumgardner, 1994, Corrosion and cell culture evaluation of nickel–chromium dental castings, J Biomater Appl, 5, 203, 10.1002/jab.770050305
Lewis, 2009, Ni (II) ions dysregulate cytokine secretion from human monocytes, J Biomed Mater Res Appl Biomater, 88, 358, 10.1002/jbm.b.31063
Ozen, 2005, In vitro IL-1β release from gingival fibroblasts in response to pure metals, dental alloys and ceramic, J Oral Rehabil, 32, 511, 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01457.x
Curtis, 2007, The effects of nickel and chromium on human keratinocytes: differences in viability, cell associated metal and IL-1α release, Toxicol In Vitro, 21, 809, 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.026
Palmqvist, 2008, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha regulate IL-6-type cytokines in gingival fibroblasts, J Dent Res, 87, 558, 10.1177/154405910808700614
Gazel, 2008, Transcriptional profiling defines the effects of nickel in human epidermal keratinocytes, J Cell Physiol, 217, 686, 10.1002/jcp.21536
Lisby, 1995, Nickel and skin irritants up-regulate tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNA in keratinocytes by different but potentially synergistic mechanisms, Int Immunol, 7, 343, 10.1093/intimm/7.3.343
ISO 4287: 1997 International Standards Organisation. Geometrical product specifications (GPS) surface texture: profile method, terms, definitions and surface texture parameters.
Rupniak, 1985, Characteristics of four new human cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and the neck, J Natl Cancer Inst, 75, 621
Lin, 2008, Metallurgical, surface, and corrosion analysis of Ni–Cr dental casting alloys before and after porcelain firing, Dent Mater, 24, 378, 10.1016/j.dental.2007.06.010
Bumgardner, 1993, Surface analysis of nickel–chromium dental alloys, Dent Mater, 9, 252, 10.1016/0109-5641(93)90070-7
Espevik, 1977, Corrosion of base metal alloys in vitro, Acta Odontol Scand, 36, 113, 10.3109/00016357809004659
Sarkar, 1973, In vitro corrosion resistance of new dental alloys, Biomater Med Devices Artif Organs, 1, 121, 10.3109/10731197309118866
Pourbaix, 1984, Electrochemical corrosion of metallic biomaterials, Biomaterials, 3, 122, 10.1016/0142-9612(84)90046-2
d.Sign®10 dental casting alloy data sheet. Ivoclar Vivadent, Leicester, UK.
d.Sign®30 dental casting alloy data sheet. Ivoclar Vivadent, Leicester, UK.
d.Sign®15 dental casting alloy data sheet. Ivoclar Vivadent, Leicester, UK.
Reclaru, 2005, Corrosion behaviour of cobalt–chromium dental alloys doped with precious metals, Biomaterials, 26, 4358, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.11.018
McGinley, 2011, Base-metal dental casting alloy biocompatibility assessment using a human-derived 3D oral mucosal model, Acta Biomater, 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.017
Vermeulen, 2005, Apoptosis: mechanisms and relevance in cancer, J Ann Hematol, 84, 627, 10.1007/s00277-005-1065-x
Schmalz, 2000, Release of prostaglandin E2, IL-6 and IL-8 from human oral epithelial culture models after exposure to compounds of dental materials, Eur J Oral Sci, 108, 442, 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2000.108005442.x
Vlahopoulos, 1999, NF-κB-dependant induction of interleukin-8 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha: evidence for an antioxidant sensitive activating pathway distinct from nuclear translocation, Blood, 94, 1878, 10.1182/blood.V94.6.1878
Wataha, 2004, Sublethal concentrations of Au(III), Pd(II), and Ni(II) differentially alter inflammatory cytokine secretion from activated monocytes, J Biomed Mater Res Appl Biomater, 69, 11, 10.1002/jbm.b.20029
Schmidt, 2010, Crucial role for human toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel, Nat Immunol, 11, 814, 10.1038/ni.1919
Brand, 1997, Regulation analysis of energy metabolism, J Exp Biol, 200, 193, 10.1242/jeb.200.2.193
Hendrickson, 2005, Transduction of biochemical signals across cell membranes, Q Rev Biophys, 38, 321, 10.1017/S0033583506004136
Kendig, 2007, Inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase by several chemicals: implications for in vitro toxicology studies, Toxicol In Vitro, 21, 125, 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.08.004
Issa, 2004, Resin composite monomers alter MTT and LDH activity of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro, Dent Mater, 20, 12, 10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00053-8