Phát triển và đặc trưng hóa các dòng chuyển vị Robertsonian mới giữa Triticum aestivum và Agropyron cristatum 6P

Molecular Breeding - Tập 41 - Trang 1-13 - 2021
Kai Qi1, Haiming Han1, Jinpeng Zhang1, Shenghui Zhou1, Xiuquan Li1, Xinming Yang1, Weihua Liu1, Yuqing Lu1, Lihui Li1
1National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

Tóm tắt

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP) là một trong những họ hàng hoang dã quan trọng nhất của lúa mì, chứa nhiều gen mong muốn cho việc cải thiện gen lúa mì. Sự phát triển của các dòng chuyển vị giữa lúa mì và A. cristatum với các đặc tính nông nghiệp ưu việt sẽ hỗ trợ cho việc cải thiện gen lúa mì. Trong nghiên cứu này, dòng thay thế đồng phân 6P (6D) 5106-DS đã được xác định là một dòng thay thế đồng phân của lúa mì - A. cristatum thông qua việc xác định sinh học tế bào và phân tích dấu phân tử, cho thấy trọng lượng ngàn hạt lớn hơn so với giống lúa mì cha Triticum aestivum cv. Fukuhokomugi (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD). Phân tích các quần thể tái giao phối cho thấy có thể có các gen làm tăng trọng lượng và chiều rộng hạt trên nhiễm sắc thể 6P của 5106-DS. Trong quần thể tái giao phối, chúng tôi đã tìm thấy ba cây như là các dòng chuyển vị Robertsonian, được tạo ra bởi sự gãy-nối tập trung của nhiễm sắc thể. Trong số đó, có một dòng chuyển vị T6DS·6PL và hai dòng chuyển vị T6PS·6DL Robertsonian. Thêm vào đó, các tâm động của ba dòng chuyển vị này được xác định là các tâm động được nối của 6D và 6P bằng cách sử dụng các kim phát hiện pAcCR1 và pCCS1. Việc phát triển các dòng chuyển vị Robertsonian sẽ thúc đẩy việc sử dụng nhiễm sắc thể 6P của A. cristatum trong cải thiện lúa mì.

Từ khóa

#Agropyron cristatum #Triticum aestivum #dòng thay thế đồng phân #chuyển vị Robertsonian #cải tiến gen lúa mì

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