Development, Working and Standardization of Quantum Computing
Tóm tắt
Quantum computers have huge potential to disrupt the world of technology and human perception. Quantum computers operate according to the laws of quantum physics and have the ability to be in multiple states simultaneously, and capable of performing all possible permutations at the same time. Compared with classical computers, it has achieved remarkable success in certain specific tasks. A qubit could be realized from the outermost electron of a phosphorus atom. Over the silicon crystal, an atom of phosphorus was embedded right next to a transistor. This spin of the electron is a magnetic dipole. It has two orientations, up and down, which correspond to the classical 1 and 0. To distinguish between an electron's spin up and spin down energy state, application of a strong magnetic field is required. A pulse of microwave energy can be used to write information onto a qubit by spinning it up, but the frequency must be extremely precise. Electrons oscillate at a specific frequency depending on the magnetic field they are in. As a spin down, the energy is lower, whereas that of a spin up is higher. Now, in this transistor, there is in fact a little pool of electrons; this pool of electrons is filled up to certain energy level. With 50–100 qubits, quantum computers may be able to perform tasks that are beyond the capabilities of today's classical computers.
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