Developing the instructional process in the layered flipped learning model for secondary school English courses

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 21 - Trang 147-175 - 2021
Burcu Ökmen1, Abdurrahman Kılıç1
1Education Faculty, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey

Tóm tắt

The aim of this research is to provide an example of how English language teaching practices can be arranged according to the layered flipped learning model. One of the qualitative research methods, the “action research” method, was used in this study. The research was conducted with fifth grade students in a secondary school in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey in the 2017/2018 academic year. In order to increase the validity of the data and enrich the meaningfulness of the results, data diversification was made. In this research, content analysis method was used to analyze and interpret the data. As a result of the research, it was observed that layered flipped learning model meets the interests and needs of the students and leaves the responsibility of learning to the students. Also it was observed that students preferred tasks for group work and this contributed to the fun of the lesson, to more effective learning, and to increased levels of active participation, motivation. Based on the results reached at the end of the research, it was thought that activities in the teaching process should be layered and each level should be preparatory to the other.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abedi, P., Keshmirshekan, M. H., & Namaziandost, E. (2019). The comparative effect of flipped classroom instruction versus traditional instruction on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ English composition writing. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 6(4), 43–56 Ahmad, S. Z. (2016). The flipped classroom model to develop Egyptian efl students’ listening comprehension. English Language Teaching, 9(9), 166–178 Ahmed, M. A. E. A. S. (2016). The effect of a flipping classroom on writing skill in English as a foreign language and students’ attitude towards flipping. US-China Foreign Language, 14(2), 98–114 Alacapınar, F. G. (2009). İstasyon tekniği ile ders işlemeye yönelik öğrenci görüşleri [Students’ views on studying lessons with station technique]. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi [abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Education], 9(1), 137–147 Anney, V. N. (2014). Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: looking at trustwothiness criteria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 5(2), 272–281 Arısoy, B. (2011). Işbirlikli öğrenme yönteminin ötbb ve tot tekniklerinin 6. Sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik dersi “istatistik ve olasılık” konusunda akademik başarı, kalıcılık ve sosyal beceri düzeylerine etkisi [The effect of ebb and tot techniques of cooperative learning method on 6th grade students' academic achievement, retention and social skill levels in statistics and probability in mathematics.]. (Unpublished master thesis), Çukurova University, Adana. Aydın, B. (2016). Ters yüz sınıf modelinin akademik başarı, ödev/görev stres düzeyi ve öğrenme transferi üzerindeki etkisi. (Unpublished master's thesis), Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta. Baker, J. (2000). The "classroom flip": Using web course management tools to become the guide by the side. 11th International Conference on College Teaching and Learning, Jacksonville, FL. Başkan, Ö. (2006). Yabancı dil öğretimi ilkeler ve çözümler, p. 77. Multılıngual. Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. International Society for Technology in Education. Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2014). Flipping for mastery. Educational Leadership, 71(4), 24–29 Biçer, S. (2011). Fen ve teknoloji dersinde basamaklı öğretim yönteminin öğrenci başarısına, kalıcılığa ve tutumlarına etkisi. (Unpublished master's thesis), Fırat University, Institute of Education Sciences, Elazığ. Bishop, J. L., & Verleger, M. A. (2013, June). The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. In 120th ASEE Annual Conference veExposition, Atlanta, GA. Boyacı, Z., Şahin, Ş., Ökmen, B., Danişman, Ş., Hasırcı Eriş, H. M., Kırcaburun, K., & Kılıç, A. (2017). Ters yüz öğrenme (flipped learning) modeline ilişkin görüşler. 26. International Educational Sciences Congress, 20–23 April, Antalya. (Summary). Brinkmann, S. (2013). Qualitative interviewing: understanding qualitative research. Oxford University Press. Butt, A. (2014). Student views on the use of a flipped classroom approach: evidence from Australia. Business Education Ve Accreditation, 6(1), 33–43 Calhoun, E. F. (2002). Actian research for school improvement. Educational/leadership, 59(6), 18–24 Chen Hsieh, J. S., Wu, W. C. V., & Marek, M. W. (2017). Using the flipped classroom to enhance EFL learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(1–2), 1–21 Costello, P. J. M. (2007). Action research. Continuum Books. Danişman, Ş, Hasırcı Eriş, H. M., Kırcaburun, K., Boyacı, Z., Şahin, Ş, Ökmen, B., & Kılıç, A. (2017). Investigation of flipped learning approach according to expert opinions. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(26), 81–90 Di Bitonto P., Corriero N., Pesare E., Rossano V., & Roselli T. (2014). Training and learning in e-health using the gamification approach: The trainer interaction. In C. Stephanidis & M. ve Antona (Eds.), Universal access in human-computer interaction: Aging and assistive environment. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8515. Springer. Duman, B., & Özçelik, C. (2017). 7. sınıf çember ve daire konusunda basamaklı öğretim uygulamasının öğrencilerin matematik dersine ilişkin akademik başarı ve tutumlarına etkisi. Bartin Üniversitesi Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 1293–1308 Ekmekçi, E. (2014). Flipped writing class model with a focus on blended learning (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University, Institute of Education Sciences. Elliot, J. (1991). Action research for educational change. Open University Press. Enfield, J. (2013). Looking at the impact of the flipped classroom model of instruction on undergraduate multimedia students at CSUN. TechTrends, 57(6), 14–27 Ev, H. (2010). Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi derslerinde yapılandırmacı öğrenme - imkan ve sınırlılıklar-. D.E.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32, 111–137 Freankel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2000). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill. Gençer, B. G. (2015). Okullarda ters-yüz sınıf modelinin uygulanmasına yönelik bir vaka çalışması (Unpublished master's thesis), Bahçeşehir University, Institute of Education Sciences. Glanz, J. (1999). A primer on Antian research for the school administrators. The Clearing House, 301–304. Hanus, M. D., & Fox, J. (2015). Assessing the effects of gamification in the classroom: A longitudinal study on intrinsic motivation, social comparison, satisfaction, effort, and academic performance. Computers & Education, 80, 152–161 Hendrix, J. C. (1996). Cooperative learning: Building a democratic community. The Clearing House, 69, 333–336 Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (2014). Co-operative learning: Improving university instruction by basing practice on validated theory. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 25(3 & 4), 85–118 Johnson, G. B. (2013). Student perceptions of the flipped classroom. Unpublished master's thesis. The University of British Columbia. Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: 2014 Higher Education. The New Media Consortium. Kılıç, A., Aydın, M., Ökmen, B., & Şahin, Ş. (2019). Kuramdan Uygulamaya İhtiyaç Belirleme. Pegem Akademi. Kılıçaslan, H., & Şimşek, P. Ö. (2015). 6. sınıf “kuvvet ve hareket” ünitesinde basamaklı öğretim yöntemi ve yaratıcı drama yönteminin erişiye, tutuma ve kalıcılığa etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 40(180). Klose, E. (2014). Görsel Sanatlar Öğretmeni Yetiştirmede Görsel Kültür Eğitimine Yönelik Bir Eylem Araştırması. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Anadolu University, Eskişehir. Kordyban, R., & Kinash, S. (2013). No more flying on autopilot: The flipped classroom. Education Technology Solutions, 56, 54–56 Köroğlu, Z. Ç., & Çakır, A. (2017). Implementation of flipped instruction in language classrooms: An alternative way to develop speaking skills of pre-service English language teachers. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 13(2), 42–55 Liu, Z., Wei, L., & Gao, X. (2016). A study on self-regulated micro-course learning and implicitly layered flipped classroom. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 6(4), 870–877 Mason, G., Shuman, T. R., & Cook, K. E. (2013). Inverting (flipping) classrooms - advantages and challenges. In 120th ASEE Annual Conference ve Exhibition. ASEE. http://www.asee.org/public/conferences/20/papers/7171/download. Retrieved on 03/07/2017. Matsumoto, T. (2016). The flipped classroom experience of gamified. Creative Education, 7, 1475–1479 McCallum, S., Schultz, J., Sellke, K., & Spartz, J. (2015). An examination of the flipped classroom approach on college student academic involvement. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 27(1), 42–55 McCawley, P. F. (2009). Methods for conducting an educational needs assessment. University of Idaho Extension. McClay, J. L. (1996). Learning centers. Professional’s guide. Teacher Created Materials. McLaughlin, J. E., & Rhoney, D. H. (2014). Comparison of an interactive e-learning preparatory tool and a conventional downloadable handout used within a flipped neurologic pharmacotherapy lecture. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning. Mclean, A. C. (2012). Destroying the teacher: The need for learner-centered teaching. English Teaching Forum, 50(1), 32–35 Meral, E., & Şimşek, U. (2014). Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde işbirlikli öğrenme yöntemlerinin 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin akademik başarılarına etkisi. Bilgisayar Ve Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(4), 134–151 Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2. Baskı). Sage Miller, A. (2012). Five best practices for the flipped classroom. Edutopia, 24, 02–12 Mills, G. E (2003). Action research: A guide for the teacher researcher (2. Baskı). Pearson Education, Inc. Musib, M. K. (2014). Student perceptions of the impact of using the flipped classroom approach for an introductory-level multidisciplinary module. CDTL Brief, 17(2), 15–20 Nam, C. W., & Zellner, R. D. (2011). The relative effects of positive interdependence and group processing on student achievement and attitude in online cooperative learning. Computers & Education, 56, 680–688 Nunley, K. F. (2003). Layered curriculum brings teachers to tiers. Principal Leadership, 69(1), 31–36 Ökmen, B. (2020). Developing the instructional process in layered flipped learning model (Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation). Düzce University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Düzce. Ökmen, B., & Kılıç, A. (2018). English course teaching practices. European Journal of English Language Teaching, 3(4), 65–93 O'Neil, K., Kelly, T., & Bone, S. (2012, Haziran). We turned learning on its ear: flipping the developmental classroom. In World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications. Pajares, F. (2007). Motivational role of self-efficacy beliefs in self-regulated learning. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research and applications (pp. 111–139). Erlbaum. Pala, A. (2006). İlköğretim birinci kademe öğretmenlerinin eğitim teknolojilerine yönelik tutumları. Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 177–188 Partnership for 21st Century Learning, www.p21.org. Retrieved on 16/07/2019. Royse, D., Staton-Tindall, M., Badger, K., & Webster, J. M. (2009). Needs assessment. Oxford University Press. Sarıkaya, D. A. (2015). Ters yüz sınıf modelinin akademik başarı, öz-yönetimli öğrenme hazırbulunuşluğu ve motivasyon üzerine etkisi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Gazi University. Shy-Jong, J. (2007). A study of students construction of science knowledge: Talk and writing in a collobrative group. Educational Research, 49(1), 65–81 Sırakaya, D. A. (2017). Student views on gamified flipped classroom model. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education Faculty, 36(1), 114–132 Slavin, R. E. (1996). Research on cooperative learning and achievement: what we know, what we need to know. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21, 43–69 Su, C. H., & Cheng, C. H. (2015). A mobile gamification learning system for improving the learning motivation and achievements. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31(3), 268–286 Talbert, R. (2012). Inverted classroom. Colleagues, 9(1). Taylor, C., Wilkie, M., & Baser, J. (2006). Doing action research: A guide for school support staff. Paul Chapman Publishing. Thoms, C. L. (2012). Enhancing the blended learning curriculum by using the “flipped classroom” approach to produce a dynamic learning environment. Iceri2012 Proceedings, 2150–2157. Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for Life in our times. Wiley. Turan, Z. (2015). Ters yüz sınıf yönteminin değerlendirilmesi ve akademik başarı, bilişsel yük ve motivasyona etkisinin incelenmesi. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Atatürk Üniversity. Turan, Z., & Göktaş, Y. (2015). Yükseköğretimde yeni bir yaklaşım: öğrencilerin ters yüz sınıf yöntemine ilişkin görüşleri. Journal of Higher Education & Science, 5(2), 156–164 Turner, S. L. (2011). Student-centered instruction: Integrating the learning sciences to support elementary and middle school learners. Preventing School Failure, 55(3), 123–131 Yanpar, T. (2007). Öğretim teknolojileri ve materyal tasarımı. Anı Yayıncılık. Yeşilyurt, E. (2013). Öğretmen adaylarının öğrenim gördüğü ortamların yapılandırmacı öğrenme açısından değerlendirilmesi (Bir eğitim fakültesi örneği). GEFAD/GUJGEF, 33(1), 1–29 Yıldırım, İ, & Demir, S. (2016). Oyunlaştırma temelli “öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri” dersi öğretim programı hakkında öğrenci görüşleri. International Journal of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, 6(11), 85–101 Yıldırım, K. (2010). İşbirlikli öğrenme yönteminin okumaya ilişkin bazı değişkenler üzerindeki etkisi ve yönteme ilişkin öğrenci veli görüşleri (Unpublished master's thesis). Gazi University. Yıldız, D. G. (2012). Kubaşık öğrenme ve anlaşmazlık çözümü eğitimi ile bütünleştirilmiş türkçe ve sosyal bilgiler programının öğrencilerin akademik başarı, iletişim ve sosyal problem çözme becerilerine etkisi (Unpublished master's thesis). Ege University, Social Sciences Institute. Yıldız, D. G., Kıyıcı, G., & Altıntaş, G. (2016). Ters-yüz edilmiş sınıf modelinin öğretmen adaylarının erişileri ve görüşleri açısından incelenmesi. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(3), 186–200 Yılmaz, F. (2010). Fen ve teknoloji dersinde basamaklı öğretim programı uygulamaları (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Anadolu Üniversity, Institute of Education Sciences.