Developing a mealybug pheromone monitoring tool to enhance IPM practices in New Zealand vineyards

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - 2023
Nicola Sullivan1, Vaughn A. Bell2, R.C. Butler1, Roger Wallis3, Remya Ramesh4, D. Srinivasa Reddy4, Andrew Twidle1, Barry Bunn5, C. Rikard Unelius6, Lee-Anne Manning1, D. M. Suckling7
1The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
2The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand
3The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 55 Old Mill Road, RD 3, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand
4CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
5The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
6Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
7School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Mealybugs are phloem-feeding insects found on many crops worldwide. In New Zealand vineyards, they transmit the economically important Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). For some mealybug species, synthetic sex pheromones have been commercialised, and are used as monitoring tools. The mealybugs Pseudococcus longispinus and Pseudococcus calceolariae are major pests in many New Zealand vineyards. We present work on the development of a combined P. longispinus and P. calceolariae pheromone lure. The optimal dose for monitoring P. longispinus was found to be 10 µg of the (S)-(+)-enantiomer, either alone or in the racemic mixture. Addition of the corresponding alcohol did not improve trap catch of P. longispinus. Both the P. longispinus and the P. calceolariae pheromone lures remained active in the field for 90 days. Combining the 2 species’ pheromones had no negative effects on male mealybug trap catch for either species. We conclude that the pheromone ester alone is the best lure for the male P. longispinus. Combining the two mealybug species’ pheromones into a single lure provides the New Zealand viticultural industry with an efficient monitoring tool. Late-vintage deployment of baited lures will provide information on mealybug abundance and local distribution that will inform the scope of future insecticide programmes, to target areas based on need rather than an area-wide application by default.

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