Determining the trade–environment composition effect: the role of capital, labor and environmental regulations

W. Antweiler, B.R. Copeland, M.S. Taylor, Is free trade good for the environment? NBER Working Paper No. 6707, 1998.

Antweiler, 2001, Is free trade good for the environment?, Amer. Econom. Rev., 91, 877, 10.1257/aer.91.4.877

Baumol, 1988

Besley, 1980

Birdsall, 1993, Trade policy and industrial pollution in Latin America, J. Environ. Development, 2, 137, 10.1177/107049659300200107

K.A. Bollen, R.W. Jackman, Regression diagnostics: an expository treatment of outliers and influential cases, in: J. Fox, J.S. Long (Eds.), Modern Methods of Data Analysis, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA, 1990.

Brander, 1997, International trade between consumer and conservationist countries, Resource Energy Econom., 19, 267, 10.1016/S0928-7655(97)00013-4

Chichilnisky, 1994, North-south trade and the global environment, Amer. Econom. Rev., 84, 851

M.A. Cole, R.J.R. Elliott, FDI and the capital intensity of ‘dirty’ sectors: a missing piece of the pollution haven puzzle, University of Birmingham Discussion Paper in Economics No. 02-04, 2002.

Cole, 2000, The Uruguay round and air pollution, scale and technique effects of trade liberalization, J. Internat. Trade Econom. Development, 9, 343

Cole, 1997, The environmental Kuznets curve, Environ. Development Econom., 2, 401, 10.1017/S1355770X97000211

Copeland, 1994, North–south trade and the environment, Quart, J. Econom., 109, 755

S. Dasgupta, A. Mody, S. Roy, D. Wheeler, Environmental regulation and development: a cross-country empirical analysis, Working Paper No. 1448, Policy Research Department, World Bank, 1995.

Ederington, 2003, Is environmental policy a secondary trade barrier?, Canad. J. Econom., 36, 137, 10.1111/1540-5982.00007

P. Eliste, P.G. Federiksson, Does trade liberalization cause a race to the bottom in environment policies? A spatial econometric analysis, in: L. Anselin, R. Florax (Eds.), New Advances in Spatial Econometrics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001.

G.M. Grossman, A.B. Krueger, Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement, in: P. Garber (Ed.), The Mexico–US Free Trade Agreement, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.

Grossman, 1995, Economic growth and the environment, Quart. J. Econom., 110, 353, 10.2307/2118443

H. Hettige, P. Martin, M. Singh, D. Wheeler, IPPS: the industrial pollution projection system, Working Paper, Policy Research Department, World Bank, 1994.

Hettige, 2000, Industrial pollution in economic development, J. Development Econom., 62, 445, 10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00092-4

Holtz-Eakin, 1995, Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth, J. Publ. Econom., 57, 85, 10.1016/0047-2727(94)01449-X

Jaffe, 1995, Environmental regulation and the competitiveness of US manufacturing, J. Econom. Literature, 33, 132

Janicke, 1997, ‘Dirty industries’, Environ. Resource Econom., 9, 467, 10.1023/A:1026497608363

R.E.B. Lucas, D. Wheeler, H. Hettige, Economic development, environmental regulation and the international migration of toxic industrial pollution: 1960–88. in: P. Low (Ed.), International Trade and the Environment. World Bank Discussion Paper No. 159, 1992.

Mani, 1998, In search of pollution havens? Dirty industry in the world economy, 1960–1995, J. Environ. Development, 7, 215, 10.1177/107049659800700302

G. Marland, T.A. Boden, R.J. Andres, Global, regional, and national fossil fuel CO2 emissions, in: Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 2000.

OECD, Environmental Data Compendium 1999, OECD, Paris, 1999.

Pethig, 1976, Pollution, welfare, and environmental policy in the theory of comparative advantage, J. Environ. Econom. Management, 2, 160, 10.1016/0095-0696(76)90031-0

Rock, 1996, Pollution intensity of GDP and trade policy, World Development, 24, 471, 10.1016/0305-750X(95)00152-3

Selden, 1994, Environmental quality and development, J. Environ. Econom. Management, 27, 147, 10.1006/jeem.1994.1031

Siebet, 1980

Tobey, 1990, The effects of domestic environmental policies on patterns of world trade, Kyklos, 43, 191, 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1990.tb00207.x

R.K. Turner, S. Georgiou, I.M. Gren, F. Wulff, S. Barrett, T. Soderqvist, I.J. Bateman, C. Folke, S. Langaas, T. Zylicz, A. Markowska, Managing nutrient fluxes and pollution in the baltic: an interdisciplinary simulation study, CSERGE Working Paper GEC 97-17, 1997.

United Nations Environment Programme, Environmental Data Report 1993–94. Blackwell, 1993.

Van Beers, 1997, An empirical multi-country analysis of the impact of environmental regulations on foreign trade flows, Kyklos, 50, 29, 10.1111/1467-6435.00002

World Bank, World Development Indicators 1999 CD ROM, 1999.

Xu, 2000, Regional cooperation and the environment, Weltwirtsc. Arch., 136, 137, 10.1007/BF02707399