Determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran
Tóm tắt
Tea is one of the most common drinks in all over the world. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent decades has increased heavy metals in tea and other foods. In this research, heavy metal contents such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were determined in 105 black tea samples cultivated in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces in north of Iran and their tea infusions. The amount of heavy metals in black tea infusions were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP - AES). The mean ± SD level of Pb in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.802 ± 0.633, 0.993 ± 0.667 and 1.367 ± 1.06 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. The mean level of Cd in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.135 ± 0.274, 0.244 ± 0.46 and 0.343 ± 0.473 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. The mean level of As in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.277 ± 0.272, 0.426 ± 0.402 and 0.563 ± 0.454 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. Also, the results showed that the locations and the infusion times influenced upon the amount of these metals (P < 0.05).
Tài liệu tham khảo
Dufresne CJ, Farnworth ER: A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea. J Nutr Biochem. 2001, 12: 404-421. 10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00155-3.
AL-Saleha I, Coskunb S, Mashhoura A, Shinwaria N, EL-Dousha I, Billedoa G, Jaroudic K, Abdulaziz AL-S, AL-Kabrab M, Mohamedd GED: Exposure to heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) and its effect on the outcome of in-vitro fertilization treatment. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2007, article in press
Lasheen YF, Awwad NS, EL-Khalafawy A, Abdel-Rassoul AA: Annual effective dose and concentration levels of heavy metals in different types of tea in Egypt. International Journal of Physical Sciences. 2008, 3: 112-119.
Ashraf W, Mian A: Levels of selected heavy metals in black tea varieties consumed in saudi arabia. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008, 81: 101-104. 10.1007/s00128-008-9402-0.
Salahinejad M, Aflaki F: Toxic and Essential Mineral Elements Content of Black Tea Leaves and Their Tea Infusions Consumed in Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010, 134: 109-117. 10.1007/s12011-009-8449-z.
Qin F, Chen W: Lead and copper levels in tea samples marketed in Beijing, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007, 78: 118-121. 10.1007/s00128-007-9035-8.
Siddiqui IA, Raisuddin S, Shukla Y: Protective effects of black tea extract on testosterone induced oxidative damage in prostate. Cancer Lett. 2005, 227: 125-132. 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.10.046.
Mark H: The beneficial effects of tea on immune function and inflammation: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human research. Nutr Res. 2007, 27: 373-379. 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.05.008.
Fujita H, Yamagami T: Antihypercholesterolemic effect of Chinese black tea extract in human subjects with borderline hypercholesterolemia. Nutr Res. 2008, 28: 450-456. 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.04.005.
Han W, Shi Y, MA L, Ruan J: Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, and copper in different types of Chinese tea. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2005, 75: 272-277. 10.1007/s00128-005-0748-2.
Herrador MA, González AG: Pattern recognition procedures for differentiation of green, black, and oolong teas according to their metal content from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Talanta. 2001, 53: 1249-1257. 10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00619-6.
Atafar Z, Mesdaghinia A, Nouri J, Homaee M, Yunesian M, Ahmadimoghaddam M, Mahvi AH: Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environ Monit Assess. 2010, 160: 83-89. 10.1007/s10661-008-0659-x.
Mahvi AH, Zazoli MA, Younecian M, Esfandiari Y: Fluoride content of Iranian black tea and tea liquor. Fluoride. 2006, 39: 266-268.
ATSDR: A Toxicological profile for Cadmium. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2012, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
Yang F, LI YP: The effects of different marinating method on solubility of the lead in tea leaves. Chin. J. Health Lab. Technol. 2001, 39: 349-
Chen HW: Gallium indium, and arsenic pollution of groundwater from a semiconductor manufacturing area of Taiwan. Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006, 77: 289-296. 10.1007/s00128-006-1062-3.
Moghaddam MA, Mahvi AH, Asgari AR, Yonesian M, Jahed GH, Nazmara SH: Determination of aluminum and zinc in Iranian consumed tea. Environ Monit Assess. 2008, 144: 23-30. 10.1007/s10661-007-0006-7.
Nookabkaew S, Rangkadilok N, Satayavivad J: Determination of trace elements in herbal tea products and their infusions consumed in Thailand. J Agric Food Chem. 2006, 54: 6939-6944. 10.1021/jf060571w.
Natesan S, Ranganathan V: Contents of various elements in parts of the tea plant and in infusions of black tea from southern India. J Sci Food Agric. 1990, 51: 125-139. 10.1002/jsfa.2740510112.
Onianwa PC, Adetola IG, Iwegbue CMA, Ojo MF, Tella OO: Trace heavy metals composition of some Nigerian beverages and food drinks. Food Chem. 1999, 66: 275-279. 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00257-X.
Narin I, Colak H, Turkoglu O, Soylak M, Dogan M: Heavy metals in black tea samples produced in Turkey. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2004, 72: 844-849.
Ebadi AG, Zare S, Mahdavi M, Babaee M: Study and Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn in Green Leaf of Tea Cultivated in Gillan Province of Iran. Pak J Nutr. 2005, 4: 270-272.
Hussain I, Khan F, Iqbal Y, Khalil SJ: Investigation of heavy metals in commercial tea brands. Jour.Chem.Soc.Pak. 2006, 28: 246-251.
Qin F, Chen W: Lead and copper levels in tea samples marketed in Beijing, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007, 79: 247-250. 10.1007/s00128-007-9008-y.
Seenivasan S, Manikandan N, Muraleedharan N, Selvasundaram R: Heavy metal content of black teas from south India. Food Control. 2008, 19: 746-749. 10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.07.012.
Shen F-M, Chen H-W: Element Composition of Tea Leaves and Tea Infusions and Its Impact on Health. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008, 80: 300-304. 10.1007/s00128-008-9367-z.
Yemane M, Chandravanshi B, Wondimu T: Levels of essential and non-essential metals in leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) and soil of Wushwush farms, Ethiopia. Food Chem. 2008, 107: 1236-1243.
Musa Ozcan M, Unver A, Ucar T, Arslan D: Mineral content of some herbs and herbal teas by infusion and decoction. Food Chem. 2008, 106: 1120-1127. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.07.042.
Dobaradaran S, Mahvi AH, Dehdashti S: Fluoride content of bottled drinking water available in Iran. Fluoride. 2008, 41: 93-94.