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Những yếu tố quyết định bạo lực thể xác đối với phụ nữ trong hôn nhân tại Zambia: phân tích đa cấp
Tóm tắt
Bạo lực đối với phụ nữ và trẻ em gái là một vấn đề sức khỏe công cộng nghiêm trọng, là sự vi phạm quyền con người và liên quan đến một số tác động tiêu cực đối với sức khỏe thể chất, tâm lý, tình dục và sinh sản. Các nghiên cứu được thực hiện ở các khu vực khác của châu Phi hạ Sahara (SSA) cho thấy có mối liên hệ giữa các yếu tố ngữ cảnh và kinh nghiệm bạo lực của bạn tình. Tuy nhiên, tại Zambia, mối liên hệ này chưa được tài liệu hóa rõ ràng. Do đó, nghiên cứu này được thực hiện để khám phá cách mà các đặc điểm cá nhân và cộng đồng ảnh hưởng đến bạo lực vợ chồng đối với phụ nữ tại Zambia. Dữ liệu từ Khảo sát Nhân khẩu học và Sức khỏe Zambia gần nhất được thực hiện vào năm 2018 đã được sử dụng. Mẫu nghiên cứu gồm 7.358 phụ nữ đã kết hôn trong độ tuổi từ 15–49 được sử dụng trong phân tích. Các mô hình hồi quy logistic nhị phân đa cấp hai mức đã được sử dụng để khảo sát mối liên hệ giữa các yếu tố cá nhân và yếu tố ngữ cảnh với kinh nghiệm bạo lực vợ chồng. Tỷ lệ bạo lực thể xác đối với phụ nữ ở Zambia là 21.1% [95% CI, 19.8, 22.5]. Phụ nữ trong độ tuổi 15–19 [aOR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.34–4.14] và 20–24 [aOR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.38–3.22], những người không sở hữu điện thoại di động [aOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.10–1.69] và có quyền tự quyết thấp [aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01–1.54] có khả năng cao hơn trong việc trải qua bạo lực thể xác từ chồng. Hơn nữa, những cộng đồng có tỷ lệ phụ nữ có quyền quyết định thấp [aOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.26–2.19] cũng có khả năng trải qua bạo lực thể xác từ chồng cao hơn. Bên cạnh đó, phụ nữ có bạn đời uống rượu [aOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.30–3.45] và những người có bạn đời thể hiện hành vi ghen tuông [aOR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.88–3.21] cũng có nguy cơ cao hơn gặp phải bạo lực thể xác vợ chồng. Cả các yếu tố cá nhân và cộng đồng đều ảnh hưởng đến bạo lực thể xác vợ chồng ở Zambia. Việc tích hợp các yếu tố ở cấp độ cộng đồng vào thiết kế can thiệp để giải quyết bạo lực dựa trên giới sẽ là chìa khóa để giảm sự dễ bị tổn thương của phụ nữ đối với bạo lực dựa trên giới tính trong nước. Cần phải đánh giá lại và tái chiến lược các chính sách hiện tại đang được triển khai để giải quyết bạo lực dựa trên giới tại đất nước này nhằm đảm bảo tính cụ thể theo ngữ cảnh.
Từ khóa
#bạo lực đối với phụ nữ #bạo lực trong hôn nhân #yếu tố quyết định #phân tích đa cấp #ZambiaTài liệu tham khảo
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