Determinants of breastfeeding initiation among mothers in Kuwait
Tóm tắt
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended as the optimal way to feed infants for the first six months of life. While overall breastfeeding rates are high, exclusive breastfeeding is relatively uncommon among Middle Eastern women. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence of breastfeeding amongst women in the six governorates of Kuwait and the factors associated with the initiation of breastfeeding.
A sample of 373 women (aged 17-47 years), recruited shortly after delivery from four hospitals in Kuwait, completed a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify those factors independently associated with the initiation of breastfeeding.
In total, 92.5% of mothers initiated breastfeeding and at discharge from hospital the majority of mothers were partially breastfeeding (55%), with only 30% of mothers fully breastfeeding. Prelacteal feeding was the norm (81.8%) and less than 1 in 5 infants (18.2%) received colostrum as their first feed. Only 10.5% of infants had been exclusively breastfed since birth, the remainder of the breastfed infants having received either prelacteal or supplementary infant formula feeds at some time during their hospital stay. Of the mothers who attempted to breastfeed, the majority of women (55.4%) delayed their first attempt to breastfeed until 24 hours or more after delivery. Breastfeeding at discharge from hospital was positively associated with paternal support for breastfeeding and negatively associated with delivery by caesarean section and with the infant having spent time in the Special Care Nursery.
The reasons for the high use of prelacteal and supplementary formula feeding warrant investigation. Hospital policies and staff training are needed to promote the early initiation of breastfeeding and to discourage the unnecessary use of infant formula in hospital, in order to support the establishment of exclusive breastfeeding by mothers in Kuwait.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
WHO: Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. 2003, Geneva: WHO
Newton ER: The epidemiology of breastfeeding. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004, 47: 613-623. 10.1097/01.grf.0000137068.00855.a0.
CIA. 26/7/2009, [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ku.html]
Amine EK, Al-Awadi F, Rabie M: Infant feeding pattern and weaning practices in Kuwait. J R Soc Health. 1989, 109: 178-180. 10.1177/146642408910900509.
Al Bustan M, Kohli BR: Socio-economic and demographic factors influencing breast-feeding among Kuwaiti women. Genus. 1988, 44: 265-278.
Kuwait Child Health Survey. 1991, State of Kuwait: Ministry of Health
Scott JA, Binns CW, Aroni RA: The influence of reported paternal attitudes on the decision to breast-feed. J Paediatr Child Health. 1997, 33: 305-307. 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1997.tb01605.x.
Scott JA, Landers MC, Hughes RM, Binns CW: Factors associated with breastfeeding at discharge and duration of breastfeeding. J Paediatr Child Health. 2001, 37: 254-261. 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2001.00646.x.
Xu F, Binns C, Yu P, Bai Y: Determinants of breastfeeding initiation in Xinjiang, PR China, 2003-2004. Acta Paediatr. 2007, 96: 257-260. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00020.x.
Lakati A, Binns C, Stevenson M: The effect of work status on exclusive breastfeeding in Nairobi. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2002, 14: 85-90.
Labbok M, Krasovec K: Toward consistency in breastfeeding definitions. Stud Fam Plann. 1990, 21: 226-230. 10.2307/1966617.
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (for Windows). 2005, Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc
Al-Nesef Y, Al-Rashoud R, Farid S: Kuwait Family Health Survey. 1996, State of Kuwait: MOH
Fallahzadeh H, Golestan M, Rezvanian T, Ghasemian Z: Breast-feeding history and overweight in 11 to 13-year-old children in Iran. World J Pediatr. 2009, 5: 36-41. 10.1007/s12519-009-0006-5.
Akin JS, Bilsborrow RE, Guilkey DK, Popkin BM: Breastfeeding patterns and determinants in the Near East: An analysis for four countries. Population studies. 1986, 40: 247-262. 10.1080/0032472031000142056.
Tuncbilek E, Uner S, Ulusoy M: Breastfeeding in Turkey: the demographic and socio-economic aspects and relationship with infant/child mortality. Turk J Pediatr. 1983, 25: 3-23.
Ertem IO, Akinci Z, Ulukol B, Baskan-Gulnar S: Socioeconomically advantaged infants attending a university well-child clinic in Ankara: are they breast-feeding optimally?. Turk J Pediatr. 2001, 43: 223-230.
Batal M, Boulghaurjian C: Breastfeeding initiation and duration in Lebanon: are the hospitals "mother friendly"?. J Pediatr Nurs. 2005, 20: 53-59. 10.1016/j.pedn.2004.09.004.
Mahmood DA, Feachem RG: Feeding and nutritional status among infants in Basrah City, Iraq: A cross-sectional Study. Hum Nutr: Clin Nutr. 1987, 41C: 373-381.
Banyamen YS, Hassan MK: Feeding patterns in the first two years of life in Basra, Iraq. East Mediterr Health J. 1998, 4: 448-451.
Perez-Escamilla R: Evidence based breast-feeding promotion: the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. J Nutr. 2007, 137: 484-487.
Wright A, Rice S, Wells S: Changing hospital practices to increase the duration of breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 1985, 97: 669-675.
Hofvander Y: Breastfeeding and the Baby Friendly Hospitals Initiative (BFHI): organization, response and outcome in Sweden and other countries. Acta Paediatr. 2005, 94: 1012-1016. 10.1080/08035250510032781.
Uruakpa FO, Ismond MAH, Akobundu ENT: Colostrum and its benefits: a review. Nut Res. 2002, 22: 755-767. 10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00373-1.
Nakao Y, Moji K, Honda S, Oishi K: Initiation of breastfeeding within 120 minutes after birth is associated with breastfeeding at four months among Japanese women: a self-administered questionnaire survey. Int Breastfeed J. 2008, 3: 1-10.1186/1746-4358-3-1.
Marandi A, Afzali HM, Hossaini AF: The reasons for early weaning among mothers in Teheran. Bull World Health Organ. 1993, 71: 561-569.
El-Mougi M, Mostafa S, Osman NH, Ahmed KA: Social and medical factors affecting the duration of breast feeding in Egypt. J Trop Pediatr. 1981, 27: 5-11.
Ergenekon-Ozelci P, Elmaci N, Ertem M, Saka G: Breastfeeding beliefs and practices among migrant mothers in slums of Diyarbakir, Turkey, 2001. Eur J Public Health. 2006, 16: 143-148. 10.1093/eurpub/cki170.
JPFHS: Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2002. 2003, Amman, Jordan: Department of Statistics
Abdul Ameer AJ, Al-Hadi A-H M, Abdulla MM: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Iraqi mothers and family child-caring women regarding breastfeeding. East Mediterr Health J. 2008, 14: 1003-1014.
Froozani MD, Zavoshi R, Asordeghan F: Duration and causes of cessation of breast feeding in working mothers in Ghazvin, Iran. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 1992, 6: 93-95.
Hakim IA, El-Ashmawy IA: Breast-feeding patterns in a rural village in Giza, Egypt. Am J Public Health. 1992, 82: 731-732. 10.2105/AJPH.82.5.731.
Hossain MM, Radwan MM, Arafa SA, Habib M, DuPont HL: Prelacteal infant feeding practices in rural Egypt. J Trop Pediatr. 1991, 38: 317-322.
Hossain MM, Reves RR, Radwan MM, Arafa SA, Habib M, DuPont HL: Breast-feeding in Egypt. J R Soc Health. 1994, 114: 290-296. 10.1177/146642409411400602.
Hossain MM, Reves RR, Radwan MM, Habib M, DuPont HL: The timing of breastfeeding initiation and its correlates in a cohort of rural Egyptian infants. J Trop Pediatr. 1995, 41: 354-359.
Alikasifoglu M, Erginoz E, Gur ET, Baltas Z, Beker B, Arvas A: Factors influencing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in a group of Turkish women. J Hum Lact. 2001, 17: 220-226. 10.1177/089033440101700305.
Shawky S, Abalkhail BA: Maternal factors associated with the duration of breast feeding in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2003, 17: 91-96. 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00468.x.
Ogbeide DO, Siddiqui S, Al Khalifa IM, Karim A: Breast feeding in a Saudi Arabian community. Profile of parents and influencing factors. Saudi Med J. 2004, 25: 580-584.
Blomquist HK, Jonsbo F, Serenius F, Persson LA: Supplementary feeding in the maternity ward shortens the duration of breast feeding. Acta Paediatr. 1994, 83: 1122-1126.
Hornell A, Hofvander Y, Kylberg E: Introduction of solids and formula to breastfed infants: a longitudinal prospective study in Uppsala, Sweden. Acta Paediatr. 2001, 90: 477-482. 10.1080/080352501750197584.
Hornell A, Hofvander Y, Kylberg E: Solids and formula: association with pattern and duration of breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 2001, 107: E38-10.1542/peds.107.3.e38.
Gatrad AR, Sheikh A: Muslim birth customs. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2001, 84: F6-8. 10.1136/fn.84.1.F6.
Khadduri R, Marsh DR, Rasmussen B, Bari A, Nazir R, Darmstadt GL: Household knowledge and practices of newborn and maternal health in Haripur district, Pakistan. J Perinatol. 2008, 28: 182-187. 10.1038/sj.jp.7211903.
Steinman L, Doescher M, Keppel GA, Pak-Gorstein S, Graham E, Haq A, Johnson DB, Spicer P: Understanding infant feeding beliefs, practices and preferred nutrition education and health provider approaches: an exploratory study with Somali mothers in the USA. Matern Child Nutr. 2009, 6: 67-88. 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2009.00185.x.
Semega-Janneh IJ, Bohler E, Holm H, Matheson I, Holmboe-Ottesen G: Promoting breastfeeding in rural Gambia: combining traditional and modern knowledge. Health Policy Plan. 2001, 16: 199-205. 10.1093/heapol/16.2.199.
Al-Mazroui MJ, Oyejide CO, Bener A, Cheema MY: Breastfeeding and supplemental feeding for neonates in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. J Trop Pediatr. 1997, 43: 304-306. 10.1093/tropej/43.5.304.
Osman NA, El-Sabban FF: Infant-feeding practices in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. East Mediterr Health J. 1999, 5: 103-110.
Khattab MS: Cross-sectional study of a child health care programme at one family practice centre in Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 2000, 6: 246-259.
Batal M, Boulghourjian C, Abdallah A, Afifi R: Breast-feeding and feeding practices of infants in a developing country: a national survey in Lebanon. Public Health Nutr. 2006, 9: 313-319. 10.1079/PHN2006860.
Al-Frayh AS: Current trends in infant feeding in Saudi society. J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989, 10 (Suppl 1): S21-22. 10.3109/01443618909151291.
Kayyali MM, Al-Tawil K: Breast feeding practices in Qatar. J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989, 10 (Suppl 1): S19-20. 10.3109/01443618909151290.
Scott JA, Binns CW: Factors associated with the initiation and duration of breastfeeding: a review of the literature. Breastfeed Rev. 1999, 7: 5-16.
Qiu L, Zhao Y, Binns CW, Lee AH, Xie X: Initiation of breastfeeding and prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge in urban, suburban and rural areas of Zhejiang China. Int Breastfeed J. 2009, 4: 1-10.1186/1746-4358-4-1.
Scott JA, Binns CW, Oddy WH: Predictors of delayed onset of lactation. Matern Child Nutr. 2007, 3: 186-193. 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00096.x.
Scott JA, Binns CW, Graham KI, Oddy WH: Temporal changes in the determinants of breastfeeding initiation. Birth. 2006, 33: 37-45. 10.1111/j.0730-7659.2006.00072.x.
Al-Ayed IH, Qureshi MI: Breastfeeding practices in urban Riyadh. J Trop Pediatr. 1998, 44: 113-117. 10.1093/tropej/44.2.113.
Matich JR, Sims LS: A comparison of social support variables between women who intend to breast or bottle feed. Soc Sci Med. 1992, 34: 919-927. 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90260-W.