Determinants of Property Rights Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa

Acemoglu, D., & Johnson, S. (2005). Unbundling institutions. Journal of Political Economy, 113(5), 949–995. Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, A. J. (2000). Political losers as a barrier to economic development. The American Economic Review, 90(2), 126–130. Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2001). The colonial origins of comparative development: an empirical investigation. American Economic Review, 91(5), 1369–1401. Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2002). Reversal of fortune: geography and institutions in the making of the modern world income distribution. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 1231–1294. Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2005). Institutions as the fundamental cause of long-run growth. In P. Aghion & S. Durlauf (Eds.), Handbook of economigrowth. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Acemoglu, D., Egorov, G., & Sonin, K. (2008). Coalition formation in non-democracies. Review of Economic Studies, 75(4), 987–1009. African Development Bank (2007). “Growing a knowledge based economy: evidence from public expenditure on education in Africa.” Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 88. Tunis. Agbor, J. A. (2015). How does colonial origin matter for economic performance in SubSaharan Africa? In A. K. Fosu (Ed.), Growth and institutions in African development (Chapter 13, pp. 309–327). New York: Routledge Studies in Development Economics. Alesina, A., & Giuliano, P. (2015). Culture and institutions. Journal of EconomicLiterature, 53(4), 898–944. Alesina, A., & Perotti, R. (1996). Income distribution, political instability, and investment. European Economic Review, 40(6), 1203–1228. Alesina, A., Devleeschauwer, A., Easterly, W., Kurlat, S., & Wacziarg, R. (2003). Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth, 8(2), 155–194. Ali, A. (2013). Are property rights and financial development complements or substitutes? Case of private investment. Economics Bulletin, 33(2), 1126–1131. Alonso, J. A., & Garcimartín, C. (2013). The determinants of institutional quality. More on the debate. Journal of International Development, 25(2), 206–226. Andrés, A. R. (2006). The relationship between copyright software protection and piracy: evidence from Europe. European Journal of Law and Economics, 21(1), 29–51. Andrés, A. R., & Asongu, S. A. (2013a). Fighting software piracy: which governance tools matter in Africa? Journal of Business Ethics, 118(3), 667–682. Andrés, A. R., & Asongu, S. A. (2013b). Global dynamic timelines for IPRs harmonization against software piracy. Economics Bulletin, 33(1), 874–880. Andrés, A. R., & Asongu, A. S. (2015). “The impact of software piracy on human development: evidence from Africa”, African Governance and Development Institute Working PaperNo. 055/15, Yaoundé. Andrés, A. R., & Asongu, S. A. (2016). Global trajectories, dynamics and tendencies of software piracy: benchmarking IPRs harmonization. Journal of Economic Studies, 43(5), 780–800. Andrés, A. R., & Goel, R. K. (2012). Does software piracy affect economic growth? Evidence across countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 34(2), 284–295. Andrés, A. R., Asongu, S. A., & Amavilah, V. H. S. (2015). The impact of formal institutions on knowledge economy. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 6(4), 1034–1062. Anyanwu, J. (2007). Promoting investment in Africa. African Development Review, 18(1), 42–71. Anyanwu, J. (2009). Why does foreign direct investment go where it goes?: new evidence from African countries. Annals of Economics and Finance, 13(2), 425–462. Anyanwu, J. C. (2012). Developing knowledge for the economic advancement of Africa. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 1(2), 73–111. Asongu, S. A. (2012). Law and finance in Africa. Brussels Economic Review, 55(4), 385–408. Asongu, S. A. (2013a). Harmonizing IPRs on software piracy: empirics of trajectories in Africa. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(3), 667–682. Asongu, S. A. (2013b). The ‘knowledge economy’-finance nexus: how do IPRs matter in SSA and MENA countries? Economics Bulletin, 33(1), 78–94. Asongu, S. A. (2014a). Knowledge economy and financial sector competition in Africa countries. African Development Review, 26(2), 333–346. Asongu, S. A. (2014b). Fighting software piracy: which IPRs laws matter in Africa? Institutions and Economies, 6(2), 1–26. Asongu, S. A. (2014c). Software piracy and scientific publications: knowledge economy evidence from Africa. African Development Review, 26(4), 572–583. Asongu, S. A. (2014d). Software piracy, inequality and the poor: evidence from Africa. Journal of Economic Studies, 41(4), 526–553. Asongu, S. A. (2014e). On the substitution of institutions and finance in investment. Economics Bulletin, 34(3), 1557–1574. Asongu, S. A. (2015a). Knowledge economy gaps, policy syndromes, and catch-up strategies: fresh South Korean lessons to Africa. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. doi:10.1007/s13132-015-0321-0. Asongu, S. A. (2015b). Fighting software piracy in Africa: how do legal origins and IPRs protection channels matter? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 6(4), 682–703. Asongu, S. A., & Tchamyou, S. V. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship on knowledge economy in Africa. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 8(1), 101–131. Asongu, S. A., Singh, P., & Le Roux, S. (2016). Fighting software piracy: some global conditional policy instruments. Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-016-3291-7. Aubert, J. E. (2005). Knowledge economies: a global perspective. In A. Bonfour & L. Edvinsson (Eds.), Intellectual capital for communities. Oxford: Elsevier. Ayyagari, M., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. (2006). “What determines protection of property rights? An analysis of direct and indirect effects.” World Bank policy research working paper No. 3940. Washington, D.C: The World Bank. Baland, J.-M., Moene, K.-O., & Robinson, J. (2010). Governance and development. In E. C. Banfield (Ed.), (1958) The moral basis of a backward society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Banerjee, D., Khalid, A. M., & Sturm, J.-E. (2005). Socio-economic development and software piracy. An empirical assessment. Applied Economics, 37(18), 2091–2097. Bartels, F. L., Alladina, S. N., & Lederer, S. (2009). Foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa: motivating factors and policy issues. Journal of African Business, 10(2), 141–162. Bartels, F. L., Napolitano, F., & Tissi, N. E. (2014). FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa: a longitudinal perspective on location-specific factors (2003–2010). International Business Review, 23(3), 516–529. Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Ross, L. (2003). Law, endowments, and finance. Journal of Financial Economics, 70(2), 137–181. Bessen, J., & Maskin. E. (2000) “sequential innovation, patents, and imitation”. Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Working Paper No. 00–01, Cambridge. Bezmen, T. L., & Depken, C. A. (2004). “The impact of software piracy on economic development”, working paper. Palmetto: Francis Marion University. Bezmen, T. L., & Depken, C. A. (2006). Influences on software piracy: evidence from the various United States. Economics Letters, 90(3), 356–361. Bizri, O. (2009). “The Knowledge economy and the Arab countries: current climate and future prospects in education, innovation and technology”, Carthage High Level International Conference on Building Knowledge Economies for job creation, increased competiveness and balanced development. December, 1–3, 2009. Britz, J. J., Lor, P. J., Coetzee, I. E. M., & Bester, B. C. (2006). Africa as a knowledge society: a reality check. The International Information & Library Review, 38(1), 25–40. Chandra, D. S., & Yokoyama, K. (2011). “The role of good governance in the knowledge-based economic growth of East Asia—a study on Japan, Newly Industrialized Economies, Malaysia and China”, Graduate School of Economics, Kyushu University. Chong, A., & Gradstein, M. (2004). “Inequality and institutions.” Inter-American Development Bank Working Paper No. 506. Washington, D.C: The Inter-American Development Bank. Clague, C., Keefer, P., & Knack, S. (1996). Property and contract rights in autocracies and democracies. Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2), 243–276. Collier, P. (2000). Ethnicity politics and economic performance. Economics and Politics, 12(3), 225–245. Dahlman, C. (2007). The challenge of the knowledge economy for Latin America. Globalization Competitiveness and Governability Journal, 1(1), 18–46. Darley, W. K. (2012). Increasing Sub-Saharan Africa’s share of foreign direct investment: public policy challenges, strategies, and implications. Journal of African Business, 13(1), 62–69. Djankov, S., Glaeser, G., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2003). The new comparative economics. Journal of Comparative Economics, 31(4), 595–619. Easterly, W. (2007). Inequality does cause underdevelopment: insights from a new instrument. Journal of Development Economics, 84(2), 755–776. Easterly, W., & Levine, R. (1997). Africa’s growth tragedy: policies and ethnic divisions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4), 1203–1250. Easterly, W., & Levine, R. (2003). Tropics, germs, and crops: how endowments influence economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 50(1), 3–39. Engerman, S. L. & Sokoloff, K. L. (2002). “Factor endowments, inequality, and paths of development among new world economies”, NBER working paper No. 9259, Cambridge. Falvey, R., Foster, N., & Greenway, D. (2006). Intellectual property rights and economic growth. Review of Development Economics, 10(4), 700–719. Fofack, H. (2014). “The idea of economic development: views from Africa”, WIDER Working PaperNo. 2014/093, Helsinki. Fosu, A. K. (2015a). In A. K. Fosu (Ed.), Growth and institutions in African development. New York: Routledge Studies in Development Economics. Fosu, A. K. (2015b). Growth and institutions in African Development. In A. K. Fosu (Ed.), Growth and institutions in African development (Vol. Chapter 1, pp. 1–17). New York: Routledge Studies in Development Economics. Gerba, D. T. (2012). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 3(2), 258–277. Goel, R. K., & Nelson, M. A. (2009). Determinants of software piracy: economics, institutions, and technology. Journal of Technology Transfer, 34(6), 637–658. Gould, D. M., & Gruben, W. C. (1996). The role of intellectual property rights in economic growth. Journal of Development Economics, 48(2), 323–350. Gradstein, M. (2004). “Inequality, Democracy and the emergence of institutions,” CEPR Discussion Papers 4187, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, London. Greif, A. (1994). Cultural beliefs and the organization of society: a historical and theoretical reflection on collectivist and individualist societies. Journal of PoliticalEconomy, 102(5), 912–950. Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and growth in the global economy. Cambridge: MIT Press. Helpman, E. (1993). Innovation, imitation, and intellectual property rights. Econometrica, 61(6), 1247–1280. Islam, R., & Montenegro, C. E. (2002). “What determines the quality of institutions?”. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2764, Washington. Kalonda-Kanyama, I., & Kodila-Tedika, O. (2012). “Quality of institutions: does intelligence matter?”, Working Papers 308, Economic Research Southern Africa. Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth without governance. Economia, 3(1), 169–215. Keefer, P., & Knack, S. (2002). Polarization, politics and property rights: links between inequality and growth. Public Choice, 111(1–2), 127–154. Kim, S. (2013). “Korea in Africa: a missing piece of the puzzle?”; (ed. Kitchen Nicolas) in Emerging Powers in Africa, pp. 51–66. http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR016/SR-016-Kim.pdf (Accessed: 05/07/2014). Knack, S., & Keefer, P. (1995). Institutions and economic performance: cross-country tests using alternative institutional measures. Economics and Politics, 7(3), 207–227. Kodila-Tedika, O. (2014a). Governance and intelligence: empirical analysis from African data. Journal of African Development, 16(1), 83–97. Kodila-Tedika, O. (2014b). Forget your gods: African evidence on the relation between state capacity and cognitive ability of leading politicians. European Economic Letters, 3(1), 7–11. Kodila-Tedika, O. & Tcheta-Bampa, A. (2014). “Cold war and institutional quality: some empirical evidence,” MPRA Paper 53965, University Library of Munich, Germany. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1998). Law and finance. Journal of Political Economy, 106(6), 1113–1155. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1999). The quality of government. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15(1), 222–279. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2008). The economic consequences of legal origins’. Journal of Economic Literature, 46(2), 285–332. Lal, D. (1999). Unintended consequences: the impact of factor endowments, culture, and politics on long-run economic performance. Cambridge: MIT Press. Landes, D. S. (1998). The wealth and poverty of nations: why some are so rich and some so poor. New York: W.W. Norton. Landes, D. S. (2000). Culture makes almost all the difference. In L. E. Harrison & S. P. Huntington (Eds.), Culture matters. New York: Basic Books. Lee, J., & Mansfield, E. (1996). Intellectual property protection and U.S. Foreign direct investment. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 78(2), 181–186. Lemarchand, R. (1972). Political clientelism and ethnicity in tropical Africa: competing solidarities in nation-building. American Political Science Review, 66(1), 68–85. Lessig, L. (2001). The future of ideas: the fate of the commons in a connected world. New York: Random House. Licht, A. N., Goldschmidt, C., & Schwartz, S. H. (2005). Culture, law, and corporate governance. International Review of Law and Economics, 25(2), 29–55. Licht, A. N., Goldschmidt, C., & Schwartz, S. H. (2008). Culture rules: the foundations of the rule of law and other norms of governance. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(4), 659–688. Lightfoot, M. (2011). Promoting the knowledge economy in the Arab world. Institute of Education: London Knowledge Lab. Makinda, S. M. (2007). How Africa can benefit from knowledge. Futures, 39(8), 973–985. Mansfield, E. (1994). Intellectual property protection, foreign direct investment, and technology transfer. Washington D.C: International Finance Corporation. Maskus, E. K. (2000). Intellectual property rights and economic development. Boulder: University of Colorado. Maskus, K. E., & Penubarti, M., (1995). How trade related are intellectual property rights? Journal of International Economics, 39(3–4), 227–248. Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681–712. Mensah, S. N., & Benedict, E. (2010). Entrepreneurship training and poverty alleviation: empowering the poor in the eastern free state of South Africa. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 1(2), 138–163. Mijiyawa, A. (2013). Determinants of property rights institutions: survey of literature and new evidence. Economics of Governance, 14(2), 127–183. North, D. C. (1981). Structure and change in economic history. New York: W.W. Norton. North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. North, D., Wallis, J., & Weingast, B. (2009). Violence and social order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. North D, Wallis J., Webb S., & Weingast, B., (eds) (2012), In the shadow of violence. Politics, economics, and the problem of development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge andNew York. Nunn, N. (2012). “Culture and the historical process”, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 17869, Cambridge. Oseifuah, E. K. (2010). Financial literacy and youth entrepreneurship in South Africa. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 1(2), 164–182. Pande, R., & Udry, C. (2006). Institutions and development: a view from below. In R. Blundell, W. K. Newey, & T. Persson (Eds.), Advances in economics and econometrics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Peitz, M., & Waelbroeck, P. (2006). Piracy of digital products: a critical review of the theoretical literature. Information Economics and Policy, 18(4), 449–476. Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Raul, C., Ilaria, P., & Roberto, R. (2013). “Is there a diffusion of military regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa? Empirical Evidence in the Period 1972-2007” NEPS Working Papers No. 4/2013, Mozzate. Robinson, J. A. (1998). Theories of bad policy. Journal of Policy Reform, 2(1), 1–46. Rodrik, D. (1999). Where did all the growth go? External shocks, social conflict and growth collapses. Journal of Economic Growth, 4(4), 385–412. Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: the primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131–165. Rolfe, R. J., & Woodward, D. P. (2004). Attracting foreign investment through privatization: the Zambian experience. Journal of African Business, 5(1), 5–27. Romer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous growth and technical change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71–102. Rosenberg, N., & Birdzell, L. E. (1986). How the west grew rich: the economic transformation of the industrial world. New York: Basic Books. Sayari, S. (1977). Political patronage in Turkey. In E. Gellner & J. Waterbury (Eds.), Patonsand clients in Mediterranean societies (pp. 103–113). London: Duckworth. Seyoum, B. (1996). The impact of intellectual property rights on foreign direct investment. Columbia Journal of World Business, 31(1), 50–59. Shadlen, K., Schrank, A., & Kurtz, M. (2005). The political economy of intellectual property protection: the case of software. International Studies Quarterly, 49(1), 45–71. Singh, S., Simpson, R., Mordi, C., & Okafor, C. (2011). Motivation to become an entrepreneur : a study of Nigerian women’s decisions. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 2(2), 202–219. Stulz, R. M., & Williamson, R. (2003). Culture, openness, and finance. Journal of Financial Economics, 70(3), 313–349. Tchamyou, V. S. (2015). “The role of knowledge economy in African business”, African Governance and Development Institute Working Paper No. 15/049, Yaoundé. Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2003) Economic development, 8th ed. Addison Wesley. Tran, M. (2011). “South Korea: a model of development?”, The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/nov/28/south-korea-development-model (Accessed: 05/07/2014). Tuomi, K. (2011). The role of the investment climate and tax incentives in the foreign direct investment decision: evidence from South Africa. Journal of African Business, 12(1), 133–147. Varese, F. (1997). The transition to the market and corruption in post-socialist Russia. Political Studies, 45, 579–596. Wade, R. (1985). The market for public office: why the Indian state is not better at development. World Development, 13, 467–497. Weber, M. (1958). The religion of India. Glencoe: Free Press. Weber, A. S. (2011). The role of education in knowledge economies in developing countries. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15(2011), 2589–2594. Weyland, K. (1998). The politics of corruption in Latin America. Journal of Democracy, 9(2), 108–121. World Bank. (2007). “Building knowledge economies. Advanced strategies for development”, World Bank Institute. World Bank (2015). World development indicators. World Bank Publications. http://www.gopa.de/fr/news/world-bank-release-world-development-indicators-2015. Accessed 21 Apr 2015. Yang, G., & Maskus, K. E. (2001). Intellectual property rights, licensing, and innovation in an endogenous product-cycle model. Journal of International Economics, 53(1), 169–187.