Phát hiện các tác động do nồng độ rất thấp của ô nhiễm trong trầm tích sông thông qua sự kết hợp của phân tích hóa học, thử nghiệm sinh học in vitro và cá nuôi làm sinh vật chỉ thị

Alba Quesada-García1, Ana Valdehita1, Iván del Olmo1, M. José Gómez2,3, José M. Navas1
1Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
2National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
3Fundación IMDEA-Agua, C/Punto Net 4, 2a planta, Edificio ZYE, Parque Científico Tecnológico de la Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

Tóm tắt

Các sinh vật thủy sinh thường xuyên tiếp xúc với các hỗn hợp ô nhiễm có nồng độ thấp mà sự hiện diện và tác động của chúng dễ dàng bị bỏ qua nếu chỉ sử dụng các chiến lược giám sát truyền thống. Mục tiêu chính của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá sự hiện diện và tác động của các mức ô nhiễm vi lượng trong một khu vực ít bị ảnh hưởng thông qua sự kết hợp giữa các phương pháp hóa học và sinh học. Các mẫu trầm tích được thu thập dọc theo một con sông có áp lực nhân văn tối thiểu và được kiểm tra hoạt tính ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) phụ thuộc cytochrome P450 (Cyp1a) với dòng tế bào sinh dục cá hồi cầu vồng RTG-2. Các phân tích hóa học đã được thực hiện trên các mẫu trầm tích này bằng phương pháp sắc ký khí hai chiều - khối phổ thời gian chuyến bay. Các mẫu trầm tích đã kích thích hoạt tính EROD, và các phân tích hóa học đã chứng minh sự hiện diện của nhiều loại chất ô nhiễm trong khoảng nanogram mỗi gram trọng lượng khô. Phân tích tương quan giữa sự kích thích EROD và dữ liệu phân tích hóa học cho thấy giá trị r là 0.840 (p < 0.05). Ngoài ra, cá từ một trang trại nuôi cá nằm ở hạ lưu các điểm lấy mẫu cũng cho thấy mức EROD gan cao cũng như sự biểu hiện tăng cường của cyp1a và cyp3a. Kết luận, chỉ có sự kết hợp thích hợp giữa các kỹ thuật sinh học và hóa học mới cho phép phát hiện sự hiện diện của các mức ô nhiễm vi lượng trong một con sông lý thuyết là không bị ảnh hưởng.

Từ khóa

#ô nhiễm #trầm tích sông #EROD #cytochrome P450 #sinh vật chỉ thị

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