Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and human herpesvirus 8 in primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: a case report
Tóm tắt
The etiology of primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell CD30+ lymphoma is largely unknown, and although an infectious involvement has been suspected, the implication of infectious agents in its pathogenesis is still unclear. We report the case of a HIV-negative patient referred to our hospital with a rapidly enlarging skin tumor on her upper eyelid. Surgical excision was performed and histological analysis evidenced a primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Due to the ocular localization and to the prominent angiogenic component of the lesion, molecular analyses for the detection of Chlamydophila pneumonia e and HHV8 were performed, revealing the presence of an infection by both pathogens in surgical biopsy and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These findings suggest for the first time a possible association of C. pneumoniae and/or HHV8 infection, or both together, with primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in non-immunocompromised and HIV-negative subjects. This potential pathogenic association, if confirmed, could provide potential indications for future therapy.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Mirvish ED, Pomerantz RG, Geskin LJ:Infectious agents in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011, 64: 423-431. 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.11.692.
Miyashita N, Ouchi K, Kishi F, Tabuchi M, Tsumura N, Bannai H, Iwata S, Tanaka T, Oka M:Rapid and simple diagnosis of Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia by an immunochromatographic test for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008, 15: 1128-1131. 10.1128/CVI.00085-08.
Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJ, Guidoboni M, Lettini AA, Cangi MG, Pasini E, Sacchi L, Pecciarini L, Grassi S, Dal Cin E, Stefano R, Magnino S, Dolcetti R, Doglioni C:Chlamydia infection and lymphomas: association beyond ocular adnexal lymphomas highlighted by multiple detection methods. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14: 5794-5800. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0676.
Abrams JT, Balin BJ, Vonderheid EC:Association between Sezary T cell-activating factor, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001, 941: 69-85.
Gao SJ, Kingsley L, Li M, Zheng W, Parravicini C, Ziegler J, Newton R, Rinaldo CR, Saah A, Phair J, Detels R, Chang Y, Moore PS:KSHV antibodies among Americans, Italians and Ugandans with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. Nat Med. 1996, 2: 925-928. 10.1038/nm0896-925.
Gambus G, Bourboulia D, Esteve A, Lahoz R, Rodriguez C, Bolao F, Sirera G, Muga R, del Romero J, Boshoff C, Whitby D, Casabona J:Prevalence and distribution of HHV-8 in different subpopulations, with and without HIV infection, in Spain. AIDS. 2001, 15: 1167-1174. 10.1097/00002030-200106150-00012.
Suchankova A, Stankova M, Roubalova K, Vandasova J, Bruckova M:Seroprevalence of HHV 8 antibodies among the general population and HIV positive persons in the Czech Republic. J Clin Virol. 2003, 28: 70-76. 10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00265-2.
Wen KW, Damania B:Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV): molecular biology and oncogenesis. Cancer Lett. 2010, 289: 140-150. 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.07.004.
Chakraborty S, Veettil MV, Chandran B:Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus Entry into Target Cells. Front Microbiol. 2012, 3: 6-
Caselli E, Fiorentini S, Amici C, Di Luca D, Caruso A, Santoro MG:Human herpesvirus 8 acute infection of endothelial cells induces monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-dependent capillary-like structure formation: role of the IKK/NF-{kappa}B pathway. Blood. 2007, 109: 2718-2726.
Contini C, Grilli A, Badia L, Guardigni V, Govoni M, Seraceni S:Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with arthritis: significance and diagnostic value. Rheumatol Int. 2011, 31: 1307-1313. 10.1007/s00296-010-1460-z.
BLAST program:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST,
Kempf W, Pfaltz K, Vermeer MH, Cozzio A, Ortiz-Romero PL, Bagot M, Olsen E, Kim YH, Dummer R, Pimpinelli N, Whittaker S, Hodak E, Cerroni L, Berti E, Horwitz S, Prince HM, Guitart J, Estrach T, Sanches JA, Duvic M, Ranki A, Dreno B, Ostheeren-Michaelis S, Knobler R, Wood G, Willemze R:EORTC, ISCL, and USCLC consensus recommendations for the treatment of primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders: lymphomatoid papulosis and primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2011, 118: 4024-4035. 10.1182/blood-2011-05-351346.
Linnemann T, Gellrich S, Lukowsky A, Mielke A, Audring H, Sterry W, Walden P:Polyclonal expansion of T cells with the TCR V beta type of the tumour cell in lesions of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: evidence for possible superantigen involvement. Br J Dermatol. 2004, 150: 1013-1017. 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05970.x.
Samimi S, Benoit B, Evans K, Wherry EJ, Showe L, Wysocka M, Rook AH:Increased programmed death-1 expression on CD4+ T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: implications for immune suppression. Arch Dermatol. 2010, 146: 1382-1388. 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.200.
Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Guidoboni M, De Conciliis C, Resti AG, Mazzi B, Lettini AA, Demeter J, Dell'Oro S, Doglioni C, Villa E, Boiocchi M, Dolcetti R:Regression of ocular adnexal lymphoma after Chlamydia psittaci-eradicating antibiotic therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23: 5067-5073. 10.1200/JCO.2005.07.083.
Contini C, Seraceni S, Carradori S, Cultrera R, Perri P, Lanza F:Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis in a patient with ocular lymphoma. Am J Hematol. 2009, 84: 597-599. 10.1002/ajh.21477.
Nagore E, Ledesma E, Collado C, Oliver V, Perez-Perez A, Aliaga A:Detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 7 and 8 genomes in primary cutaneous T- and B-cell lymphomas. Br J Dermatol. 2000, 143: 320-323. 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03657.x.
Herne KL, Talpur R, Breuer-McHam J, Champlin R, Duvic M:Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is significantly associated with mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Blood. 2003, 101: 2132-2136. 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2247.
Uldrick TS, Whitby D:Update on KSHV epidemiology, Kaposi Sarcoma pathogenesis, and treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma. Cancer Lett. 2011, 305: 150-162. 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.006.
Gantt S, Casper C:Human herpesvirus 8-associated neoplasms: the roles of viral replication and antiviral treatment. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011, 24: 295-301. 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283486d04.
Chiu B, Viira E, Tucker W, Fong IW:Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus in atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. Circulation. 1997, 96: 2144-2148. 10.1161/01.CIR.96.7.2144.
Swanborg RH, Whittum-Hudson JA, Hudson AP:Human herpesvirus 6 and Chlamydia pneumoniae as etiologic agents in multiple sclerosis - a critical review. Microbes Infect. 2002, 4: 1327-1333. 10.1016/S1286-4579(02)00009-6.
Rizzo R, Gentili V, Casetta I, Caselli E, De Gennaro R, Granieri E, Cassai E, Di Luca D, Rotola A:Altered natural killer cells’ response to herpes virus infection in multiple sclerosis involves KIR2DL2 expression. J Neuroimmunol. 2012, 251: 55-64. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.07.004.