Detection and Quantitation of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Using Minigenome cDNA and a Sindbis Virus Replicon: A Prototype Assay for Negative-Strand RNA Viruses

Altschuler, 1992, A method for generating transcripts with defined 5′ and 3′ termini by autolytic processing, Gene, 122, 85, 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90035-N Atreya, 1998, The NS1 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is a potent inhibitor of minigenome transcription and RNA replication, J. Virol., 72, 1452, 10.1128/JVI.72.2.1452-1461.1998 Bredenbeek, 1992, Animal RNA virus expression systems, Semin. Virol., 3, 297 Chiba, 1995, Inhibitory effect of pyridobenzazoles on virus replicationin vitro, Biol. Pharmacol. Bull., 18, 1081, 10.1248/bpb.18.1081 Collins, 1995, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 11563, 10.1073/pnas.92.25.11563 Collins, 1996, Transcription elongation factor of respiratory syncytial virus, a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 81, 10.1073/pnas.93.1.81 Collins, 1996, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Collins, 1991, Rescue of synthetic analogs of respiratory syncytial virus genomic RNA and effect of truncations and mutations on the expression of a foreign reporter gene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 9663, 10.1073/pnas.88.21.9663 De, 1993, Rescue of synthetic analogs of genome RNA of human parainfluenza virus type 3, Virology, 196, 344, 10.1006/viro.1993.1486 Elroy-Stein, 1990, Cytoplasmic expression system based on constituitive synthesis of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase in mammalian cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 6743, 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6743 Felber, 1988, A quantitative bioassay for HIV-1 based on trans-activation, Science, 239, 184, 10.1126/science.3422113 Frolov, 1996, Alphavirus-based expression vectors: Strategies and applications, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 11371, 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11371 Fuerst, 1987, Use of a hybrid vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase system for expression of target genes, Mol. Cell. Biol., 7, 2538, 10.1128/MCB.7.7.2538 Garcin, 1995, A highly recombinogenic system for the recovery of infectious Sendai paramyxovirus from cDNA: Generation of a novel copy-back nondefective interfering virus, EMBO J., 14, 6087, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00299.x Groothuis, 1993, Prophylactic administration of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin to high-risk infants and young children, N. Engl. J. Med., 329, 1524, 10.1056/NEJM199311183292102 Grosfeld, 1995, RNA replication by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is directed by the N, P, and L proteins: Transcription also occurs under these conditions but requires RSV superinfection for efficient synthesis of full-length mRNA, J. Virol., 69, 5677, 10.1128/JVI.69.9.5677-5686.1995 Hall, 1983, Aerosolized ribavirin treatment of infants with respiratory syncytial viral infection. A randomized double-blind study, N. Engl. J. Med., 308, 1443, 10.1056/NEJM198306163082403 Lawson, 1995, Recombinant vesicular somatitis viruses from DNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 4477, 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4477 Lindenbach, 1997, trans, J. Virol., 71, 9608, 10.1128/JVI.71.12.9608-9617.1997 Murphy, 1997, Current status of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) vaccine development: Memorandum from a Joint WHO/NIAID meeting, Bull. World Health Organ., 75, 307 Olivo, 1996, Transgenic cell lines for detection of animal viruses, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 9, 321, 10.1128/CMR.9.3.321 Olivo, 1994, A cell line that expresses a reporter gene in response to infection by Sindbis virus: A prototype for detection of positive strand RNA viruses, Virology, 198, 381, 10.1006/viro.1994.1046 Perrotta, 1991, A pseudoknot-like structure required for efficient self-cleavage of hepatitis delta virus RNA, Nature, 350, 434, 10.1038/350434a0 Radecke, 1995, Rescue of Measles Virus from cloned DNA, EMBO J., 14, 5773, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00266.x Rocancourt, 1990, Activation of a β-galactosidase recombinant provirus: Application to titration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-infected cells, J. Virol., 64, 2660, 10.1128/JVI.64.6.2660-2668.1990 Schlesinger, 1995, RNA viruses as vectors for the expression of heterologous proteins, Mol. Biotechnol., 3, 155, 10.1007/BF02789111 Schnell, 1994, Infectious rabies virus from cloned cDNA, EMBO J., 13, 4195, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06739.x Sidwell, 1979, Ribavirin: an antiviral agent, Pharmacol. Ther., 6, 123, 10.1016/0163-7258(79)90058-5 Stabell, 1992, Isolation of a cell line for rapid and sensitive histochemical assay for the detection of herpes simplex virus, J. Virol. Methods, 38, 195, 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90110-Y Whelan, 1995, Efficient recovery of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus entirely from cDNA clones, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 8388, 10.1073/pnas.92.18.8388 Yu, 1995, Functional cDNA clones of the human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus N, P, and L proteins support replication of RS virus genomic RNA analogs and define minimaltrans, J. Virol., 69, 2412, 10.1128/JVI.69.4.2412-2419.1995