Phát hiện tác động ban đầu của con người và các loài xâm nhập đối với môi trường đảo ở Đại Dương xa xôi thông qua địa sinh vật học

Biological Invasions - Tập 11 - Trang 1529-1556 - 2008
Matiu Prebble1, Janet M. Wilmshurst2
1Nga Pae o te Maramatanga Fellow, Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Asia Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
2Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand

Tóm tắt

Các quần đảo tách biệt của Đại Dương xa xôi cung cấp những ví dụ tiểu thể hữu ích để hiểu về tác động của cuộc định cư nhân loại ban đầu. Dữ liệu địa sinh vật học từ hầu hết các hòn đảo cho thấy sự biến đổi thảm khốc, với sự mất mát nhiều loài do săn bắn quá mức, nạn phá rừng và sự xuất hiện của các loài săn mồi thú mới, trong đó loài chuột đồng (commensal rats) là loài phổ biến và gây thiệt hại nhất. Hai nghiên cứu trường hợp từ các đảo Austral và New Zealand minh chứng cho khả năng của các chỉ số nhân bản trực tiếp từ các lưu trữ địa sinh vật học để phát hiện tác động ban đầu của con người trên các hòn đảo. Chúng tôi chỉ ra cách mà phấn hoa từ các loài cây trồng được đưa vào, và các hạt giống bị chôn lấp có vết cắn từ chuột Thái Bình Dương (Rattus exulans) cung cấp một phương tiện đáng tin cậy để phát hiện định cư nhân loại ban đầu và làm nổi bật các hậu quả sinh thái tiếp theo của nông nghiệp và việc đưa chuột vào các hệ sinh thái đảo nguyên sơ không có người sinh sống trước đó. Các nghiên cứu trước đây đã dựa vào các tín hiệu gián tiếp cho sự xuất hiện của con người dựa trên gỗ than và những thay đổi liên quan đến thực vật, mà nguyên nhân của chúng thường khó diễn giải một cách chắc chắn.

Từ khóa

#Địa sinh vật học #tác động của con người #các loài xâm lấn #quần đảo #sinh thái học.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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