Dermal exposure to toluene diisocyanate and respiratory cancer risk

Environment International - Tập 109 - Trang 181-192 - 2017
Robyn L. Prueitt1, Heather N. Lynch2, Ke Zu2, Liuhua Shi2, Julie E. Goodman2
1Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Seattle, WA 98101, United States
2Gradient, 20 University Road, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States

Tài liệu tham khảo

Allport, 2003, MDI, TDI and the polyurethane industry American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 2017, Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices (seventh edition) - 2017 supplement Arnold, 2012, Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 64, 504, 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.07.006 Austin, 2007, Biological monitoring of TDI-derived amines in polyurethane foam production, Occup. Med. (Lond.), 57, 444, 10.1093/occmed/kqm085 Bartek, 1972, Skin permeability in vivo: comparison in rat, rabbit, pig and man, J. Invest. Dermatol., 58, 114, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12538909 Bilban, 2004, Mutagenic testing of workers exposed to toluene-diisocyanates during plastics production process, Am. J. Ind. Med., 45, 468, 10.1002/ajim.10365 Boeniger, 1991, Air concentrations of TDI and total reactive isocyanate group in three flexible polyurethane manufacturing facilities, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 6, 10.1080/1047322X.1991.10387977 Brorson, 1989, Test atmospheres of diisocyanates with special reference to controlled exposure of humans, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 61, 495, 10.1007/BF00683118 Brown, 1987, Biochemistry of protein-isocyanate interactions: a comparison of the effects of aryl vs. alkyl isocyanates. Environ, Health Perspect., 72, 5, 10.1289/ehp.87725 Collins, 2002, Toxicology of toluene diisocyanate, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 17, 846, 10.1080/10473220290107048 Cummings, 2002, Industrial hygiene sampling for airborne TDI in six flexible slabstock foam manufacturing facilities in the United States: a comparison of the short-term and long-term sampling data, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 17, 863, 10.1080/10473220290107066 Curran-Everett, 2000, Multiple comparisons: philosophies and illustrations, Am. J. Phys. Regul. Integr. Comp. Phys., 279, R1 Dieter, 1990, The carcinogenic activity of commercial grade toluene diisocyanate in rats and mice in relation to the metabolism of the 2,4- and 2,6-TDI isomers, Toxicol. Ind. Health, 6, 599 European Commission (EC), 1999, Off. J. Eur. Communities, 293, 1 Farrelly, 1999, The impact of workplace smoking bans: results from a national survey, Tob. Control., 8, 272, 10.1136/tc.8.3.272 Forrest, 2013, Socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis, PLoS Med., 10, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001376 Fujishiro, 2012, Occupational gradients in smoking behavior and exposure to workplace environmental tobacco smoke: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 54, 136, 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318244501e Gahlmann, 1993, Ergon. Des., 43, 34 Giles, 1976, Dermal carcinogenicity study by mouse-skin painting with 2,4-toluendediamine alone or in representative hair dye formulations, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 1, 433, 10.1080/15287397609529342 Hagmar, 1993, Cancer incidence and mortality in the Swedish polyurethane foam manufacturing industry, Br. J. Ind. Med., 50, 537 Ham, 2011, Occupation and workplace policies predict smoking behaviors: analysis of national data from the current population survey, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 53, 1337, 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182337778 Herbold, 1998, Studies on the effect of the solvents dimethylsulfoxide and ethyleneglycoldimethylether on the mutagenicity of four types of diisocyanates in the Salmonella/microsome test, Mutat. Res., 412, 167, 10.1016/S1383-5718(97)00189-7 Hoffman, 2010, Dermal uptake and excretion of 14C-toluene diisocyante (TDI) and 14C-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in male rats. Clinical signs and histopathology following dermal exposure of male rats to TDI, Toxicol. Lett., 199, 364, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.021 Holdren, 1984, Gas phase reaction of toluene diisocyanate with water vapor, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 45, 626, 10.1080/15298668491400377 Hruby, 1977, The absorption of p-toluenediamine by the skin of rats and dogs, Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 15, 595, 10.1016/0015-6264(77)90075-X International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1999, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, volume 71 Jurek, 2005, Proper interpretation of non-differential misclassification effects: expectations vs observations, Int. J. Epidemiol., 34, 680, 10.1093/ije/dyi060 Jurek, 2008, How far from non-differential does exposure or disease misclassification have to be to bias measures of association away from the null?, Int. J. Epidemiol., 37, 382, 10.1093/ije/dym291 Karol, 1981, Dermal contact with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) produces respiratory tract hypersensitivity in guinea pigs, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 58, 221, 10.1016/0041-008X(81)90426-9 Kennedy, 1994, Distribution and reactivity of inhaled 14C-labeled toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in rats, Arch. Toxicol., 68, 434, 10.1007/s002040050094 Lawrence, 2007, Cigarette smoking patterns among young adults aged 18–24years in the United States, Nicotine Tob. Res., 9, 687, 10.1080/14622200701365319 Lee, 2007, Smoking rate trends in U.S. occupational groups: the 1987 to 2004 National Health Interview Survey, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 49, 75, 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31802ec68c Lewandowski, 2005, Risk evaluation of occupational exposure to methylene dianiline and toluene diamine in polyurethane foam, Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 24, 655, 10.1191/0960327105ht587oa Lockey, 2015, Isocyanates and human health: multi-stakeholder information needs and research priorities, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 57, 44, 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000278 Loeser, 1983, Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity studies with 2,4/2,6-toluene-diisocyanate (80/20) in rats and mice, Toxicol. Lett., 15, 71, 10.1016/0378-4274(83)90172-8 Maitre, 1993, Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 65, 97, 10.1007/BF00405726 Marzulli, 1981, In vivo skin penetration studies of 2,4-toluenediamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, p-dioxane and n-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetics, Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 19, 743, 10.1016/0015-6264(81)90530-7 Mikoczy, 2004, Cancer incidence and mortality of isocyanate exposed workers from the Swedish polyurethane foam industry: updated findings 1959–98, Occup. Environ. Med., 61, 432, 10.1136/oem.2003.009712 Mormann, 2008, Reactions of N-acetylcysteine adducts of aromatic (di)isocyanates with functional groups of organic molecules: transcarbamoylation reactions in aqueous buffer and in an organic solvent, EXCLI J., 7, 19 Muller, 2008, TDI inhalation study: tumour statistics review National Toxicology Program (NTP) National Toxicology Program (NTP) National Toxicology Program (NTP), 1986 National Toxicology Program (NTP), 2016 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Ott, 2002, Occupational asthma, lung function decrement, and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure: a critical review of exposure-response relationships, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 17, 891, 10.1080/10473220290107093 Pinkerton, 2016, Mortality among workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate in the US polyurethane foam industry: update and exposure-response analyses, Am. J. Ind. Med., 59, 630, 10.1002/ajim.22622 Prueitt, 2013, Hypothesis-based weight-of-evidence evaluation of the human carcinogenicity of toluene diisocyanate, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 43, 391, 10.3109/10408444.2013.790877 Rhomberg, 2011, Measurement error in environmental epidemiology and the shape of exposure-response curves, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 41, 651, 10.3109/10408444.2011.563420 Rosenberg, 1985, Detection of urinary amine metabolites in toluene diisocyanate exposed rats, J. Chromatogr., 323, 429, 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90408-X Schnorr, 1996, Mortality of workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate in the polyurethane foam industry, Occup. Environ. Med., 53, 703, 10.1136/oem.53.10.703 Schupp, 2012, Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) airway effects and dose-responses in different animal models, EXCLI J., 11, 416 Seel, 1999, Chemical behaviour of seven aromatic diisocyanates (toluenediisocyanates and diphenylmethanediisocyanates) under in vitro conditions in relationship to their results in the Salmonella/microsome test, Mutat. Res., 438, 109, 10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00157-0 Sennbro, 2003, Biomarkers, 8, 204, 10.1080/1354750031000090660 Sidorchuk, 2009, Socioeconomic differences in lung cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Cancer Causes Control, 20, 459, 10.1007/s10552-009-9300-8 Sielken, 2012, Statistical comparison of carcinogenic effects and dose-response relationships in rats and nice for 2,4-toluene diamine to those ascribed to toluene diisocyanate, Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess., 18, 1315, 10.1080/10807039.2012.722853 Skarping, 1991, Biological monitoring of isocyanates and related amines. III. Test chamber exposure of humans to toluene diisocyanate, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 63, 83, 10.1007/BF00379069 Skarping, 1994, Determination of toluenediamine isomers by capillary gas chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry with special reference to the biological monitoring of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, J. Chromatogr. A, 663, 199, 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85246-4 Sorahan, 2002, Mortality and cancer morbidity of production workers in the UK flexible polyurethane foam industry: updated findings, 1958–98, Occup. Environ. Med., 59, 751, 10.1136/oem.59.11.751 Sorahan, 1993, Mortality and cancer morbidity of production workers in the United Kingdom flexible polyurethane foam industry, Br. J. Ind. Med., 50, 528 Timchalk, 1994, Route-dependent comparative metabolism of [14C]toluene 2,4-diisocyanate and [14C]toluene 2,4-diamine in Fischer 344 rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 124, 181, 10.1006/taap.1994.1022 Vangronsveld, 2013, Toluene diisocyanate emission to air and migration to a surface from a flexible polyurethane foam, Ann. Occup. Hyg., 57, 650 Vock, 1997, Distribution and DNA adduct formation of radiolabeled methylenediphenyl-4,4′-diisocyanate (MDI) in the rat after topical treatment, Toxicol. Lett., 92, 93, 10.1016/S0378-4274(97)00041-6 Wacholder, 1995, Non-differential misclassification and bias towards the null: a clarification (letter), Occup. Environ. Med., 52, 557, 10.1136/oem.52.8.557 Weill, 1979, Respiratory and immunologic evaluation of isocyanate exposure in a new manufacturing plant (final) Yakabe, 1999, Fate of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate in the aquatic environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 2579, 10.1021/es981350c Yantai Wanhua Polyurethanes Co Ltd., 2012, TDI hydrolysis on surfaces Yeh, 2008, Urinary excretion of toluene diisocyanates in rats following dermal exposure, J. Appl. Toxicol., 28, 189, 10.1002/jat.1266