Depression – emerging insights from neurobiology

Schildkraut JJ. The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence. Am J Psychiatry1965; 122: 509–22

Heninger GR, Delgado PL, Charney DS. The revised monoamine theory of depression: a modulatory role for monoamines, based on new findings from monoamine depletion experiments in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry1996; 29: 2–11

Duman RS, Malberg J, Thome J. Neural plasticity to stress and antidepressant treatment. Biol Psychiatry1999; 46: 1181–91

Duman RS, Heninger GR, Nestler EJ. A molecular and cellular theory of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry1997; 54: 597–606

Duman RS, Heninger GR, Nestler EJ. Adaptations of receptor-coupled signal transduction pathways underlying stress- and drug-induced neural plasticity. J Nerv Ment Dis1994; 182: 692–700

Manji HK, Potter WC, Lenox RH. Signal transduction pathways. Arch Gen Psychiatry1995; 52: 531–43

Bliss TVP, Collingridge G. A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature1993; 361: 31–9

Han EB, Stevens CI. Of mice and memory. Learning Memory1999; 6: 539–541

Thoenen H. Neurotrophins and neuronal plasticity. Science1995; 270: 593–8

Abel T, Nguyen PV, Barad M, Deuel TAS, Kandel ER, Bourtchouladze R. Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory. Cell1997; 88: 615–26

Impey S, Smith DM, Obrietan K, Donahue R, Wade C, Storm DR. Stimulation of cAMP response element (CRE)-mediated transcription during contextual learning. Nat Neurosci1998; 1: 595–601

Nestler EJ, Duman RS. G-Proteins and cyclic nucleotides in the nervous system. In: Siegel G, Agranoff B, Albers RW, Molinoff P. (eds) Basic Neurochemistry, 5th edn. New York: Raven, 1994; 429–48

Duman RS, Nestler EJ. Signal transduction pathways for catecholamine receptors. In: Meltzer H. (ed) Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York: Raven, 1995: 303–20

Ozawa H, Rasenick MM. Chronic electroconvulsive treatment augments coupling of the GTP-binding protein Gs to the catalytic moiety of adenylyl cyclase in a manner similar to that seen with chronic antidepressant drugs. J Neurochem1991; 56: 330–8

Menkes DB, Rasenick MM, Wheeler MA, Bitensky MW. Guanosine triphosphate activation of brain adenylate cyclase: enhancement by long-term antidepressant treatment. Science1983; 129: 65–7

Colin SF, Chang HC, Mollner S et al. Chronic lithium regulates the expression of adenylate cyclase and Giα in rat cerebral cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1991; 88: 10634–7

Suda S, Nibuya M, Ishiguro T, Suda H. Transcriptional and translation regulation of phosphodiesterase type IV isozymes in rat brain by electroconvulsive seizure and antidepressant drug treatments. J Neurochem1998; 71: 1554–63

Ye Y, Conti M, Houslay MD, Faroqui SM, Chen M, O'Donell JM. Noradrenergic activity differentially regulates the expression of rolipram-sensitive, high-affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4) in rat brain. J Neurochem1997; 69: 2397–404

Takahashi M, Terwilliger R, Lane C, Mezes PS, Conti M, Duman RS. Chronic antidepressant administration increases the expression of cAMP phosphodiesterase 4A and 4B isoforms. J Neurosci1999; 19: 610–8

Perez J, Tinelli D, Brunello N, Racagni G. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of soluble and crude microtubule fractions of rat cerebral cortex after prolonged desmethylimipramine treatment. Eur J Pharmacol1989; 172: 305–16

Nestler EJ, Terwilliger RZ, Duman RS. Chronic antidepressant administration alters the subcellular distribution of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in rat frontal cortex. J Neurochem1989; 53: 1644–7

Peiffer A, Veilleaux S, Barden N. Antidepressant and other centrally acting drugs regulate glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA levels in the rat brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology1991; 16: 505–15

Brady LS, Gold PW, Herkenham M, Lynn AB, Whitfield HJ. The antidepressants fluoxetine, Idahoan and phenelzine alter corticotrophin-releasing hormone and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels in the rat brain: therapeutic implications. Brain Res1992; 572: 117–25

Nibuya M, Nestler EJ, Duman RS. Chronic antidepressant administration increases the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in rat hippocampus. J Neurosci1996; 16: 2365–72

Thome J, Impey S, Storm D, Duman RS. cAMP-response element-mediated gene transcription is upregulated by chronic antidepressant treatment. J Neurosci2000; 20: 4030–6

Walker WH, Fucci L, Habener JF. Expression of the gene encoding transcription factor cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB): regulation by follicle stimulating hormone induced cAMP signaling in primary rat Sertoli cells. Endocrinology1995; 136: 3534–45

Lee KAW, Masson N. Transcriptional regulation by CREB and its relatives. Biochim Biophys Acta1993; 1174: 221–33

Meyer T, Habener J. Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) and related transcription-activating deoxyribonucleic acid binding proteins. Endocrine Rev1993; 14: 269–90

Widnell KL, Russell DS, Nestler EJ. Regulation of expression of cAMP response element binding protein in the locus coeruleus in vivo and in a locus coeruleus-like cell line in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1994; 91: 10947–51

Dowlatshahi D, Macqueen GM, Wang JF, Young LT. Increased temporal cortex CREB concentrations and antidepressant treatment in major depression. Lancet1998; 352: 1754–5

Kafitz KW, Rose CR, Thoenen H, Konnerth A.. Neurotrophin-evoked rapid excitation through TrkB receptors. Nature1999; 401: 918–21

Thoenen H. Neurotrophins and neuronal plasticity. Science1995; 270: 593–98

Nibuya M, Morinobu S, Duman RS. Regulation of BDNF and trkB mRNA in rat brain by chronic electroconvulsive seizure and antidepressant drug treatments. J Neurosci1997; 15: 7539–47

Tao X, Finkbeiner S, Arnold DB, Shaywitz AJ, Greenber ME. Ca2+ influx regulates BDNF transcription by a CREB family transcription factor-dependent mechanism. Neuron1998; 20: 709–26

Shieh PB, Hu SC, Bobb K, Timmusk T, Ghosh A. Identification of a signaling pathway involved in calcium regulation of BDNF expression. Neuron1998; 20: 727–40

Siuciak JA, Lewis DR, Wiegand SJ, Lindsay RM. Antidepressant-like effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav1996; 56: 131–7

Sklair-Tavron L, Nestler EJ. Opposing effects of morphine and the neurotrophins, NT-3, NT-4 and BDNF, on locus coeruleus neurons in vitro. Brain Res1995; 702: 117–25

Mamounas LA, Blue ME, Siuciak JA, Anthony AC. BDNF promotes the survival and sprouting of serotonergic axons in the rat brain. J Neurosci1995; 15: 7929–39

McEwen BS. Stress and hippocampal plasticity. Annu Rev Neurosci1999; 22: 105–122

Gould E, Tanapat P, McEwen BS, Flugge G, Fuchs E. Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1998; 95: 3168–71

Erickson PS, Perfilieva E, Bjork-Erikkson T et al. Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med1998; 4: 1313–7

Sheline YI, Wang P, Gado MH, Csernansky JG, Vannier MW. Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1996; 93: 3908–13

Young EA, Haskett RF, Murphy-Weinberg V, Watson SJ, Akil H. Loss of glucocorticoid fast feedback in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry1991; 48: 693–9

Rajkowska G, Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Wei J et al. Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal pathology in major depression. Biol Psychiatry1999; 45: 1085–98

Vaidya VA, Terwilliger RZ, Duman RS. Role of 5-HT2A receptors in the down regulation of BDNF by stress. Neurosci Lett1999; 287: 1–4

Vaidya VA, Siuciak JA, Du F, Duman RS. Mossy fiber sprouting and synaptic reorganization induced by chronic administration of electroconvulsive seizure: role of BDNF. Neuroscience1999; 89: 157–62

Malberg JE, Eisch AJ, Nestler EJ, Duman RS. Chronic antidepressant treatment increases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. J Neurosci2000; 20: 9104–10

Jacobs B, Tanapat P, Reeves A, Gould E. Serotonin stimulates the production of new hippocampal granule neurons via the 5-HT1A receptor in the adult rat. Soc Neurosci Abstr1998; 23: 1992