Các yếu tố hành vi của nha sĩ ảnh hưởng đến việc phát hiện sớm ung thư miệng: Nghiên cứu quan sát lâm sàng trực tiếp

Journal of Cancer Education - Tập 37 - Trang 932-941 - 2020
Mohammed Jafer1,2, Rik Crutzen2, Esam Halboub3, Ibtisam Moafa1,2, Bart van den Borne2, Amal Bajonaid4, Alhassen Jafer5, Ismaeel Hedad6
1Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University/CAPHRI, Maastricht, the Netherlands
3Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
4Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
5Dental Division, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
6Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu này nhằm điều tra các yếu tố có thể ảnh hưởng đến hành vi của nha sĩ liên quan đến việc thực hiện các kiểm tra ung thư miệng như một phần của cuộc kiểm tra lâm sàng thường lệ. Tổng cộng có 95 phiên quan sát lâm sàng trực tiếp – sử dụng một công cụ bao gồm 19 tiêu chí quan sát dựa trên bằng chứng cho việc kiểm tra ung thư miệng – đã được bốn nha sĩ có đủ tiêu chuẩn quan sát. Ba mươi hai sinh viên năm cuối, 32 thực tập sinh và 31 giảng viên của Trường Nha khoa Jazan đã được kiểm tra từ ngày 9 tháng 4 đến ngày 4 tháng 5 năm 2017. Một phân tích mô tả đã được thực hiện để điều tra tần suất/tỉ lệ phần trăm của các tiêu chí quan sát đã được thực hiện bởi tất cả các người kiểm tra. Các bài kiểm tra ANOVA và Tukey đã được tiến hành để điều tra sự khác biệt giữa các nhóm người kiểm tra. Tổng số 32 bệnh nhân tham gia vào nghiên cứu, trong đó mỗi bệnh nhân được kiểm tra bởi ba người kiểm tra khác nhau từ mỗi nhóm, cũng như bởi người quan sát tham gia. Ít hơn 50% người kiểm tra thực hiện các bước lâm sàng cần thiết cho một cuộc kiểm tra ung thư miệng – ví dụ, xem xét tiền sử bệnh lý, cũng như kiểm tra bên ngoài và bên trong khoang miệng. Hơn 90% người kiểm tra đã kiểm tra mô cứng, trong khi ít hơn 30% trong số họ giáo dục bệnh nhân về các yếu tố nguy cơ có thể có. Một sự khác biệt đáng kể giữa các nhóm người kiểm tra đã được tìm thấy, ủng hộ các giảng viên. Một khoảng cách giữa kiến thức và thực hành thực tế trong việc kiểm tra ung thư miệng là rõ ràng: đa số người tham gia đã không thực hiện những bước cần thiết cho việc kiểm tra ung thư miệng. Kinh nghiệm trước đó và sự tự tin trong việc thực hiện kiểm tra ung thư miệng là những lời giải thích có thể cho hành vi của nha sĩ đối với việc kiểm tra ung thư miệng.

Từ khóa

#ung thư miệng #hành vi nha sĩ #kiểm tra lâm sàng #giáo dục bệnh nhân #nghiên cứu quan sát

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