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Sự khử nitrat và xu hướng thoát khí nitơ oxit trong trầm tích sông vùng Bắc Băng Dương dưới tải lượng nitrate tăng: một nghiên cứu vi mô trong phòng thí nghiệm
Tóm tắt
Các lõi trầm tích nguyên vẹn từ các con sông vùng Vịnh Bothnian (Biển Baltic) đã được nghiên cứu về quá trình khử nitrat dựa trên dòng chảy benthic của nitơ phân tử (N2) và nitrous oxide (N2O) trong một phòng thí nghiệm vi mô với điều khiển nhiệt độ dưới các mức nitrate (NO3−, ~98 at. %) tăng cường 15N là 10, 30, 100 và 300 μM. Sự thoát khí của cả N2 và N2O từ trầm tích đến nước phía trên đã tăng theo tải lượng NO3−. Mặc dù tỷ lệ N2O so với N2 tăng theo tải lượng NO3−, nhưng nó vẫn duy trì dưới 0,04, với N2 vẫn là sản phẩm chính. Tại các nồng độ NO3− thường được tìm thấy trong nước sông nghiên cứu (10–100 μM), có tới 8% NO3− đã được loại bỏ qua quá trình khử nitrat, trong khi với nồng độ cao nhất (300 μM), việc loại bỏ thông qua khử nitrat là ít hơn 2%. Tuy nhiên, tổng cộng có tới 42% NO3− đã được loại bỏ qua các cơ chế khác ngoài quá trình khử nitrat. Do sự hoạt động của vi sinh vật đã được tăng cường đồng thời với tải lượng NO3−, thể hiện qua việc tiêu thụ oxy và thoát khí carbon vô cơ hòa tan gia tăng, có khả năng là phần lớn NO3− đã được vi sinh vật đồng hóa trong quá trình phát triển của chúng. Hàm lượng 15N trong amoni (NH4+) trong dòng efflux thấp, gợi ý rằng sự khử NO3− thành NH4+ không phải là nguyên nhân dẫn đến việc loại bỏ NO3−. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp thông tin công bố đầu tiên về quá trình khử nitrat và dòng khí N2O cùng với sự điều chỉnh bởi tải lượng NO3− trong các con sông eutrophic ở vĩ độ cao.
Từ khóa
#denitrification #nitrous oxide #nitrate load #benthic fluxes #eutrophic riversTài liệu tham khảo
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