Denervation Atrophy of Motor Cranial Nerves

Davis, 1995, Masticator muscle enhancement in subacute denervation atrophy, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 16, 1292 Hutchins, 1989, The radiologic assessment of trigeminal neuropathy, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 10, 1275 Fleckenstein, 1993, Denervated human skeletal muscle: MR imaging evaluation, Radiology, 187, 213, 10.1148/radiology.187.1.8451416 West, 1994, Magnetic resonance imaging signal changes in denervated muscles after peripheral nerve injury, Neurosurgery, 35, 1077, 10.1227/00006123-199412000-00010 Shellhas, 1989, MR imaging of muscles of mastication, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 153, 847, 10.2214/ajr.153.4.847 Harnsberger, 1985, Major motor atrophic patterns in the face and neck: CT evaluation, Radiology, 155, 165, 10.1148/radiology.155.3.4001368 Russo, 1997, MR appearance of trigeminal and hypoglossal motor denervation, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 18, 1375 Kato, 2002, Motor denervation on tumors of the head and neck: changes in MR appearance, Magn Reson Med Sci, 1, 157, 10.2463/mrms.1.157 Dill-Macky, 2000, Magnetic resonance imaging features of subacute brachial neuritis, Australas Radiol, 44, 98, 10.1046/j.1440-1673.2000.00749.x Polak, 1988, NMR of skeletal muscle differences in relaxation parameters related to extracellular/intracellular fluid spaces, Invest Radiol, 23, 107, 10.1097/00004424-198802000-00005 Kikuchi, 2003, MR imaging in the diagnosis of denervated and reinnervated skeletal muscles: experimental study in rats, Radiology, 229, 861, 10.1148/radiol.2293020904 Polak, 1988, Magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal muscle prolongation of T1 and T2 subsequent to denervation, Invest Radiol, 23, 365, 10.1097/00004424-198805000-00007 May, 2000, Abnormal signal intensity in skeletal muscle at MR imaging: patterns, pearls, and pitfalls, Radiographics, 20, S295, 10.1148/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc18s295 Wessig, 2004, Muscle magnetic resonance imaging of denervation and reinnervation: correlation with electrophysiology and histology, Exp Neurol, 185, 254, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.10.012 Hayashi, 1997, Effect of peripheral nerve injury on nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times of rat skeletal muscle, Invest Radiol, 32, 135, 10.1097/00004424-199703000-00001 Bendszus, 2002, Sequential MR imaging of denervated muscle: experimental study, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 23, 1427 McDonald, 2000, Magnetic resonance imaging of denervated muscle: comparison to electromyography, Muscle Nerve, 23, 1431, 10.1002/1097-4598(200009)23:9<1431::AID-MUS16>3.0.CO;2-P Elster, 1989, Europium-DTPA: a gadolinium analogue traceable by fluorescence microscopy, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 10, 1137 Kaissar, 1991, Histologic basis for increased extraocular muscle enhancement in gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging, Radiology, 179, 541, 10.1148/radiology.179.2.2014307 Uetani, 1993, Denervated skeletal muscle: MR imaging work in progress, Radiology, 189, 511, 10.1148/radiology.189.2.8210383 Hudlicka, 1967, Blood flow and oxygen consumption in muscles after section of ventral roots, Circ Res, 20, 570, 10.1161/01.RES.20.5.570 Bondy, 1976, The rate of nutrient supply to normal and denervated slow and fast muscle, and its relation to muscle blood flow, Exp Neurol, 51, 678, 10.1016/0014-4886(76)90190-4 Carpenter, 1982, Necrosis of capillaries in denervation atrophy of human skeletal muscle, Muscle Nerve, 5, 250, 10.1002/mus.880050313 Hassler, 1970, The angioarchitecture of normal and denervated skeletal muscle, Neurology, 20, 1161, 10.1212/WNL.20.12.1161 Laine, 1993, Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 3, 85 Perkin, 1986, Cranial nerve, neuro-ophthalmological and neuro-otological syndromes, 12.1 Guy, 1985, Superior division paresis of the oculomotor nerve, Ophthalmology, 92, 777, 10.1016/S0161-6420(85)33958-1 Guy, 1989, Intracranial aneurysms with superior division paresis of the oculomotor nerve, Ophthalmology, 96, 1071, 10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32782-5 Ksiazek, 1989, Divisional oculomotor nerve paresis caused by intrinsic brainstem disease, Ann Neurol, 26, 714, 10.1002/ana.410260605 Bregman, 1988, Diabetic superior division oculomotor nerve palsy, Arch Ophthalmol, 106, 1169, 10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140329017 Masucci, 1980, Diabetic superior branch palsy of the oculomotor nerve, Ann Neurol, 7, 493, 10.1002/ana.410070520 Stefanis, 1993, Isolated palsy of the superior branch of the oculomotor nerve due to chronic erosive sphenoid sinusitis, J Clin Neuroophthalmol, 13, 229 Katz, 1989, Ophthalmoplegic migraine with superior ramus oculomotor paresis, J Clin Neuroophthalmol, 9, 181 Castro, 1990, Isolated inferior oblique paresis from brain-stem infarction: perspective on oculomotor fascicular organization in the ventral midbrain tegmentum, Arch Neurol, 47, 235, 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530020149032 Barr, 1979, Cranial nerves Walsh, 1985, Diplopia Good, 1991, Bilateral congenital oculomotor nerve palsy in a child with brain anomalies, Am J Ophthalmol, 111, 555, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)73697-9 Getenet, 1994, Isolated bilateral third nerve palsy caused by a mesencephalic hematoma, Neurology, 44, 281, 10.1212/WNL.44.5.981 Okamoto, 1996, Atrophy of bilateral extraocular muscles, J Neuroophthalmol, 16, 286, 10.1097/00041327-199612000-00012 Chusid, 1979, The cranial nerves Guy, 1989, Bilateral trochlear nerve paresis in hydrocephalus, J Clin Neuroophthalmol, 9, 105 Grey H. Anatomy, descriptive and surgical. 15th edition. Pickering T, Howden R, editors. New York: Bounty Books; 1977. Sobotta J. Atlas of human anatomy. 14th edition. Putz R, Pabst R, editors. Munchen (Germany): Elsevier Urban & Fischer; 2006. p. 8–11. Remley, 1993, Imaging of cranial nerves IX, X, and XI, Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 3, 171 Chin, 2003, Using CT to localize side and level of vocal cord paralysis, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 180, 165, 10.2214/ajr.180.4.1801165 Jacobs, 1987, Vagal neuropathy: evaluation with CT and MR imaging, Radiology, 164, 97, 10.1148/radiology.164.1.3588933 Romo, 1999, Atrophy of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle as an indicator of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 20, 467 Smoker, 1987, The hypoglossal nerve, Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 8, 301 Smoker, 1993, The hypoglossal nerve, Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 3, 193 Naidich, 1978, Hypoglossal palsy: computed tomography demonstration of denervation hemiatrophy of the tongue associated with glomus jugulare tumor, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2, 630, 10.1097/00004728-197811000-00021 Murakami, 1998, MR of denervated tongue: temporal changes after radical neck dissection, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 19, 515