Demonstration of long‐range GABAergic connections distributed throughout the mouse neocortex

European Journal of Neuroscience - Tập 21 Số 6 - Trang 1587-1600 - 2005
Ryohei Tomioka1,2, Keiko Okamoto1, Takahiro Furuta1, Fumino Fujiyama1, Takuji Iwasato3, Yuchio Yanagawa4,5, Kunihiko Obata6, Takeshi Kaneko4,1, Nobuaki Tamamaki1,7
1Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
2Laboratory for Cortical Organization and Systematics and
3RIKEN, BSI, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
4CREST, JST, Kawaguchi 332–0012, Japan
5Department of Genetic and Behavioural Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371–8511, Japan
6Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Mechanisms Research Group, RIKEN, BSI, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
7Department of Morphological Neural Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860–8556, Japan

Tóm tắt

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons in the neocortex have been mainly regarded as interneurons and thought to provide local interactions. Recently, however, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) immunocytochemistry combined with retrograde labeling experiments revealed the existence of GABAergic projection neurons in the neocortex. We further studied the network of GABAergic projection neurons in the neocortex by using GAD67‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock‐in mice for retrograde labeling and a novel neocortical GABAergic neuron labeling method for axon tracing. Many GFP‐positive neurons were retrogradely labeled after Fast Blue injection into the primary somatosensory, motor and visual cortices. These neurons were labeled not only around the injection site, but also at a long distance from the injection site. Of the retrogradely labeled GABAergic neurons remote from the injection sites, the vast majority (91%) exhibited somatostatin immunoreactivity, and were preferentially distributed in layer II, layer VI and in the white matter. In addition, most of GABAergic projection neurons were positive for neuropeptide Y (82%) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (71%). We confirmed the long‐range projections by tracing GFP‐labeled GABAergic neurons with axon branches traveled rostro‐caudally and medio‐laterally. Axon branches could be traced up to 2 mm. Some (n = 2 of 4) were shown to cross the areal boundaries. The GABAergic projection neurons preferentially received neocortical inputs. From these results, we conclude that GABAergic projection neurons are distributed throughout the neocortex and are part of a corticocortical network.

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European Journal of Neuroscience

Tập 21 Số 6

1587-1600

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