Tách biệt phát thải khí nhà kính, đô thị hóa, năng lượng và thu nhập: phân tích từ nền kinh tế Trung Quốc

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 25 - Trang 19845-19858 - 2018
Tianqiong Wang1, Joshua Sunday Riti1,2, Yang Shu1
1School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
2Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

Tóm tắt

Việc áp dụng và phê duyệt các chính sách liên quan, đặc biệt là sự biến đổi của hệ thống ghi danh hộ gia đình ở Trung Quốc, đã dẫn đến sự gia tăng sự phát triển đô thị. Là nền kinh tế đang phát triển hàng đầu, Trung Quốc đã trải qua một sự gia tăng đột biến và nhanh chóng về tỷ lệ đô thị hóa, mức sử dụng năng lượng, tăng trưởng kinh tế và ô nhiễm khí nhà kính (GHG) trong 30 năm qua. Kiến thức về các mối quan hệ động giữa các xu hướng này có rất nhiều tác động từ dân số, năng lượng, đến các chính sách môi trường và phát triển bền vững. Nghiên cứu này phân tích vai trò của đô thị hóa trong việc tách biệt phát thải GHG, năng lượng và thu nhập ở Trung Quốc, trong khi xem xét sự đóng góp quan trọng của việc sử dụng năng lượng. Như một sự đóng góp cho lĩnh vực tài liệu hiện có, nghiên cứu hiện tại giới thiệu một hiện tượng mới gọi là “đường cong Kuznets môi trường đô thị hóa” (EUKC), cho thấy rằng ở giai đoạn đầu của đô thị hóa, môi trường bị suy giảm, tuy nhiên, sau một ngưỡng nhất định, các hiệu ứng kỹ thuật xuất hiện và sự suy giảm môi trường giảm đi cùng với sự gia tăng đô thị hóa. Áp dụng mô hình độ trễ tự động phân tán và mô hình sửa lỗi vectơ, bài báo phát hiện sự tồn tại của đường cong hình chữ U ngược giữa đô thị hóa và phát thải GHG CO2, trong khi giả thuyết tương tự không thể được tìm thấy giữa thu nhập và phát thải GHG CO2. Việc sử dụng năng lượng trong tất cả các mô hình đều góp phần vào phát thải GHG CO2. Trong việc tách biệt phát thải khí nhà kính, đô thị hóa, năng lượng và thu nhập, các chính sách năng lượng và đô thị hóa rõ ràng và được thực hiện tốt nên được xem xét.

Từ khóa

#phát thải khí nhà kính #đô thị hóa #năng lượng #thu nhập #Trung Quốc #đường cong Kuznets môi trường đô thị hóa

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