Decolorization and MIneralization of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solutions by Persulfate/Fe2+ Process
Tóm tắt
Today, the treatment of dye wastewater discharged by various industries, such as textiles, has attracted the attention of many researchers due to the non-biodegradability nature of dye contaminants. Methylene blue is one of numerous dyes existing in this wastewater that causes a variety of human health problems. Because of the low efficiency of biological treatment processes in the removal of this range of contaminants, physicochemical technologies such as adsorption and advanced oxidation processes have been studied as efficient alternatives. Among them, advanced oxidation processes can provide almost complete removal of these contaminants with the least requirement to manage final products. In these processes, the objective is the production of reactive radicals (such as
$$^{\centerdot }{\kern 1pt} {\text{OH}}$$
and
$${\text{SO}}_{4}^{{\centerdot - }}$$
) which are suitable for rapid and non-selective reactions with organic contaminants. So, in this study, decolorization and mineralization of methylene blue in aqueous solutions were investigated by the persulfate/Fe2+ process. For this purpose, the effect of different parameters such as pH, per-oxydisulfate/Fe2+ ratio, peroxydisulfate concentration, and initial methylene blue concentration were evaluated. In addition, predominant radicals and mineralization of methylene blue were studied. Finally, the contribution of each sub-process and degradation of methylene blue in real wastewater were investigated. In the first step of this study, the effect of initial pH on methylene blue removal by persulfate/Fe2+ process, it was observed that with increasing pH from 3 to 9, the removal efficiency of 50 mg/L of methylene blue was decreased from 84.4 to 69.7%. In the second step, obtained results showed that with increasing peroxydisulfate/Fe2+ ratio from 2 to 16, methylene blue removal efficiency was decreased to 18%. The supplementary experiments for determination of predominant radicals using tert-butanol and methanol revealed that sulfate radical was predominant in the applied process. Although complete decolorization of methylene blue was attained at 20 min, when the time lasted to 40 min, 96% mineralization of methylene blue was observed by peroxydisulfate/Fe2+ process. Finally, the studied process showed efficient removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution and real wastewater containing a high concentration of methylene blue.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Tan, I., Hameed, B., and Ahmad, A., Equilibrium and kinetic studies on basic dye adsorption by oil palm fibre activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J., 2007, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 111–119.
El-Latif, M.A., Ibrahim, A.M., and El-Kady, M., Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using biopolymer oak sawdust composite, J. Am. Sci., 2010, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 267–283.
Vimonses, V., Lei, S., Jin, B., Chow, C.W., and Saint, C., Kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analysis of Congo Red adsorption by clay materials, Chem. Eng. J., 2009, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 354–364.
Naghipour, D., Taghavi, K., and Moslemzadeh, M., Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by Artist’s Bracket fungi: kinetic and equilibrium studies, Water Sci. Technol., 2016, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 2832–2840.
Peternel, I.T., Koprivanac, N., Božić, A.M.L., and Kušić, H.M., Comparative study of UV/TiO2, UV/ZnO and photo-Fenton processes for the organic reactive dye degradation in aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater., 2007, vol. 148, no. 1, pp. 477–484.
Lin, H., Zhang, H., and Hou, L. Degradation of CI Acid Orange 7 in aqueous solution by a novel electro/Fe3O4/PDS process, J. Hazard. Mater., 2014, vol. 276, pp. 182–191.
El Boujaady, H., Mourabet, M., Bennani-Ziatni, M., and Taitai, A. Adsorption/desorption of Direct Yellow 28 on apatitic phosphate: Mechanism, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, J. Assoc. Arab Univ.,Basic Appl. Sci., 2014, vol. 16, pp. 64–73.
Chemlal, R., Azzouz, L., Kernani, R., Abdi, N., Lounici, H., Grib, H., et al., Combination of advanced oxidation and biological processes for the landfill leachate treatment, Ecol. Eng., 2014, vol. 73, pp. 281–289.
Chen, X., Wang, W., Xiao, H., Hong, C., Zhu, F., Yao, Y., and Xue, Z., Accelerated TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 under visible light mediated by peroxymonosulfate, Chem. Eng. J., 2012, vol. 193, pp. 290–295.
Neta, P., Huie, R.E., and Ross, A.B. Rate constants for reactions of inorganic radicals in aqueous solution, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1988, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1027–1284.
Anipsitakis, G.P. and Dionysiou, D.D. Transition metal/UV-based advanced oxidation technologies for water decontamination, Appl. Catal., B, 2004, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 155–163.
Antoniou, M.G., Armah, A., and Dionysiou, D.D. Degradation of microcystin-LR using sulfate radicals generated through photolysis, thermolysis and e– transfer mechanisms, Appl. Catal., B, 2010, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 290–298.
Chen, H., Zhang, Z., Feng, M., Liu, W., Wang, W., Yang, Q., and Hu, Y., Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water by persulfate activated with FeS (mackinawite), Chem. Eng. J., 2017, vol. 313, pp. 498–507.
Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Shan, N., Meng, C., and Sun, L., Removal of COD from landfill leachate by an electro/Fe2+/peroxydisulfate process, Chem. Eng. J., 2014, vol. 250, pp. 76–82.
Xu, X.R. and Li, X.Z., Degradation of azo dye Orange G in aqueous solutions by persulfate with ferrous ion, Sep. Purif. Technol., 2010, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 105–111.
Eaton, A.D., Clesceri, L.S., Rice, E.W., Greenberg, A.E., and Franson, M.A., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Washington, DC: Am. Publ. Health Assoc., 2005.
Wahba, N., El Asmar, M.F., and El Sadr, M.M. Odometric method for determination of persulfates, Anal. Chem., 1959, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1870–1871.
Patil, N.N. and Shukla, S.R., Degradation of reactive Yellow 145 dye by persulfate using microwave and conventional heating, J. Water Process Eng., 2015, vol. 7, pp. 314–327.
Wu, J., Zhang, H., and Qiu, J., Degradation of Acid Orange 7 in aqueous solution by a novel electro/Fe2+/peroxydisulfate process, J. Hazard. Mater., 2012, vol. 215, pp. 138–145.
Lee, Y.C., Lo, S.L., Chiueh, P.T., and Chang, D.G., Efficient decomposition of perfluorocarboxylic acids in aqueous solution using microwave-induced persulfate, Water Res., 2009, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 2811–2816.
An, H., Qian, Y., Gu, X., and Tang, W.Z., Biological treatment of dye wastewaters using an anaerobic-oxic system, Chemosphere, 1996, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 2533–2542.
Wang, Y., Indrawirawan, S., Duan, X., Sun, H., Ang, H.M., Tadé, M.O., and Wang, S., New insights into heterogeneous generation and evolution processes of sulfate radicals for phenol degradation over one-dimensional α-MnO2 nanostructures, Chem. Eng. J., 2015, vol. 266, pp. 12–20.
Nie, M., Yang, Y., Zhang, Z., Yan, C., Wang, X., Li, H., and Dong, W. Degradation of chloramphenicol by thermally activated persulfate in aqueous solution, Chem. Eng. J., 2014, vol. 246, pp. 373–382.
Feng, M., Qu, R., Zhang, X., Sun, P., Sui, Y., Wang, L., and Wang, Z. Degradation of flumequine in aqueous solution by persulfate activated with common methods and polyhydroquinone-coated magnetite/multi-walled carbon nanotubes catalysts, Water Res., 2015, vol. 85, pp. 1–10.
Zhang, X., Feng, M., Qu, R., Liu, H., Wang, L., and Wang, Z. Catalytic degradation of diethyl phthalate in aqueous solution by persulfate activated with nano-scaled magnetic CuFe2O4/MWCNTs, Chem. Eng. J., 2016, vol. 301, pp. 1–11.
Zhou, L., Zheng, W., Ji, Y., Zhang, J., Zeng, C., Zhang, Y., et al., Ferrous-activated persulfate oxidation of arsenic (III) and diuron in aquatic system, J. Hazard. Mater., 2013, vol. 263, pp. 422–430.
Liao, C.H., Kang, S.F., and Wu, F.A., Hydroxyl radical scavenging role of chloride and bicarbonate ions in the H2O2/UV process, Chemosphere, 2001, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 1193–1200.
Dutta, K., Mukhopadhyay, S., Bhattacharjee, S., and Chaudhuri, B., Chemical oxidation of methylene blue using a Fenton-like reaction, J. Hazard. Mater., 2001, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 57–71.
Moussavi, G. and Mahdavianpour, M., The selective direct oxidation of ammonium in the contaminated water to nitrogen gas using the chemical-less VUV photochemical continuous-flow reactor, Chem. Eng. J., 2016, vol. 295, pp. 57–63.