Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions

Allen, 2010, A randomized trial of a computer-tailored decision aid to improve prostate cancer screening decisions: results from the take the wheel trial, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 19, 2172, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0410

Allen, 2011, Do men make informed decisions about prostate cancer screening? Baseline results from the "Take the Wheel" Trial, Medical Decision Making, 31, 108, 10.1177/0272989X10369002

Arterburn, 2011, Randomized trial of a video-based patient decision aid for bariatric surgery, Obesity, 19, 1669, 10.1038/oby.2011.65

Auvinen, 2004, A randomized trial of choice of treatment in prostate cancer: the effect of intervention on the treatment chosen, BJU International, 93, 52, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2004.04554.x

Auvinen, 2001, A randomized trial of the choice of treatment in prostate cancer: design and baseline characteristics, BJU International, 88, 708, 10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.02421.x

Huang, 2014, Effect of intervention on decision making of treatment for disease progression, prostate-specific antigen biochemical failure and prostate cancer death, Health Expectations, 17, 776, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2012.00802.x

Barry, 1997, A randomized trial of a multimedia shared decision-making program for men facing a treatment decision for benign prostatic hyperplasia, Disease Management and Clinical Outcomes, 1, 5, 10.1016/S1088-3371(96)00004-6

Rovner, 2004, Decision aids for benign prostatic hyperplasia: applicability across race and education, Medical Decision Making, 24, 359, 10.1177/0272989X04267010

Bekker, 2004, Applying decision analysis to facilitate informed decision making about prenatal diagnosis for Down syndrome: a randomised controlled trial, Prenatal Diagnosis, 24, 265, 10.1002/pd.851

Bekker, 2003, Understanding why decision aids work: linking process with outcome, Patient Education and Counseling, 50, 323, 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00056-9

Bernstein, 1998, A randomized controlled trial of information-giving to patients referred for coronary angiography: effects on outcomes of care, Health Expectations, 1, 50, 10.1046/j.1369-6513.1998.00007.x

Berry, 2013, The personal patient profile-prostate decision support for men with localized prostate cancer: a multi-center randomized trial, Urologic Oncology, 31, 1012, 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.10.004

Berry, 2012, Decision preparation, satisfaction and regret in a multi-center sample of men with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer, Patient Education and Counseling, 88, 262, 10.1016/j.pec.2012.04.002

Bosco, 2012, Personal preferences and discordant prostate cancer treatment choice in an intervention trial of men newly diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 10, 1

Underhill, 2014, When study site contributes to outcomes in a multi-center randomized trial: a secondary analysis of decisional conflict in men with localized prostate cancer, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12, 159, 10.1186/s12955-014-0159-3

Bjorklund, 2012, Audiovisual information affects informed choice and experience of information in antenatal Down syndrome screening-a randomized controlled trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 86, 390, 10.1016/j.pec.2011.07.004

Öhman, 2012, Does an informational film increase women's possibility to make an informed choice about second trimester ultrasound?, Prenatal Diagnosis, 32, 833, 10.1002/pd.3914

Bozic, 2013, Shared decision making in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: results of a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: American Volume, 95, 1633, 10.2106/JBJS.M.00004

Bozic, 2014, Patient, surgeon, and healthcare purchaser views on the use of decision and communication aids in orthopaedic surgery: a mixed methods study, BMC Health Services Research, 14, 1

Youm, 2015, Impact of socioeconomic factors on informed decision making and treatment choice in patients with hip and knee OA, The Journal of Arthroplasty, 30, 171, 10.1016/j.arth.2014.09.006

Brazell, 2014, Effect of a decision aid on decision making for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 21, 231, 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000149

Chabrera, 2015, A decision aid to support informed choices for patients recently diagnosed with prostate cancer, Cancer Nursing, 38, E42, 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000170

Chambers, 2012, Impact of the Ottawa influenza decision aid on healthcare personnel's influenza immunization decision: a randomized trial, Journal of Hospital Infection, 82, 194, 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.08.003

Clancy, 1988, Guiding individual decisions: a randomized, controlled trial of decision analysis, American Journal of Medicine, 84, 283, 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90426-3

Davison, 1997, Empowerment of men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, Cancer Nursing, 20, 187, 10.1097/00002820-199706000-00004

Achaval, 2012, Impact of educational and patient decision aids on decisional conflict associated with total knee arthroplasty, Arthritis Care & Research, 64, 229, 10.1002/acr.20646

Dolan, 2002, Randomized controlled trial of a patient decision aid for colorectal cancer screening, Medical Decision Making, 22, 125, 10.1177/02729890222063017

Evans, 2010, Supporting informed decision making for prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing on the web: an online randomized controlled trial, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12, e27, 10.2196/jmir.1305

Banegas, 2013, Results from a randomized trial of a web-based, tailored decision aid for women at high risk for breast cancer, Patient Education and Counseling, 91, 364-71, 10.1016/j.pec.2012.12.014

Fagerlin A Randomization for Guide to Decide phase II Word document provided by the authors

Fagerlin, 2011, Women's interest in taking tamoxifen and raloxifene for breast cancer prevention: response to a tailored decision aid, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 127, 681, 10.1007/s10549-011-1450-1

Korfage, 2013, Informed choice about breast cancer prevention: randomized controlled trial of an online decision aid intervention, Breast Cancer Research, 15, 1

Fraenkel, 2007, Improving informed decision-making for patients with knee pain, Journal of Rheumatology, 34, 1894

Fraenkel, 2012, A pilot randomized controlled trial of a decision support tool to improve the quality of communication and decision-making in individuals with atrial fibrillation, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60, 1434, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04080.x

Frosch, 2008, Internet patient decision support: a randomized controlled trial comparing alternative approaches for men considering prostate cancer screening, Archives of Internal Medicine, 168, 363, 10.1001/archinternmed.2007.111

Gattellari, 2003, Does evidence-based information about screening for prostate cancer enhance consumer decision-making? A randomised controlled trial, Journal of Medical Screening, 10, 27, 10.1258/096914103321610789

Gattellari, 2005, A community-based randomised controlled trial of three different educational resources for men about prostate cancer screening, Patient Education and Counseling, 57, 168, 10.1016/j.pec.2004.05.011

Green, 2001, An interactive computer program can effectively educate patients about genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 103, 16, 10.1002/ajmg.1500

Hamann, 2007, Shared decision making and long-term outcome in schizophrenia treatment, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68, 992, 10.4088/JCP.v68n0703

Hamann, 2006, Shared decision making for in-patients with schizophrenia, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 114, 265, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00798.x

Ersek, 2014, Provider staffing effect on a decision aid intervention, Clinical Nursing Research, 23, 36, 10.1177/1054773812470840

Hanson, 2011, Improving decision making for feeding options in advanced dementia: a randomized, controlled trial, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59, 2009, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03629.x

Snyder, 2013, Impact of a decision aid on surrogate decision-makers’ perceptions of feeding options for patients with dementia, American Medical Directors Association, 14, 114, 10.1016/j.jamda.2012.10.011

Heller, 2008, Interactive digital education aid in breast reconstruction, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 122, 717, 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318180ed06

Hess, 2012, The chest pain choice decision aid: a randomized trial, Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 5, 251

Jibaja-Weiss, 2011, Entertainment education for breast cancer surgery decisions: a randomized trial among patients with low health literacy, Patient Education and Counseling, 84, 41, 10.1016/j.pec.2010.06.009

Johnson, 2006, A chairside aid for shared decision making in dentistry: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Dental Education, 70, 133, 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2006.70.2.tb04069.x

Kasper, 2008, Informed shared decision making about immunotherapy for patients with multiple sclerosis (ISDIMS): A randomized controlled trial, European Journal of Neurology, 15, 1345, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02313.x

Kennedy, 2002, Effects of decision aids for menorrhagia on treatment choices, health outcomes, and costs: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 288, 2701, 10.1001/jama.288.21.2701

Knops, 2014, A decision aid regarding treatment options for patients with an asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomised clinical trial, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 48, 276, 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.04.016

Krist, 2007, Patient education on prostate cancer screening and involvement in decision making, Annals of Family Medicine, 5, 112, 10.1370/afm.623

Kupke, 2013, Does the use of a visualised decision board by undergraduate students during shared decision-making enhance patients' knowledge and satisfaction? A randomised controlled trial, European Journal of Dental Education, 17, 19, 10.1111/eje.12002

Kuppermann, 2014, Effect of enhanced information, values clarification, and removal of financial barriers on use of prenatal genetic testing: a randomized clinical trial, Journal of the American Medical Association, 312, 1210, 10.1001/jama.2014.11479

Lam, 2013, Reducing treatment decision conflict difficulties in breast cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 2879, 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.1856

Langston, 2010, Structured contraceptive counseling: a randomised controlled trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 81, 362, 10.1016/j.pec.2010.08.006

Laupacis, 2006, A decision aid for autologous pre-donation in cardiac surgery - a randomized trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 61, 458, 10.1016/j.pec.2005.05.014

LeBlanc, 2015, Encounter decision aid vs. clinical decision support or usual care to support patient-centered treatment decisions in osteoporosis: the osteoporosis choice randomized trial II, PLOS ONE, 10, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0128063

Legare, 2008, Patient decision aid on natural health products for menopausal symptoms: randomized controlled trial, Menopause International, 14, 105, 10.1258/mi.2008.008014

Legare, 2011, Training family physicians in shared decision making for the use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections: a pilot clustered randomized controlled trial, Health Expectations, 14, 96, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00616.x

Legare, 2012, Training family physicians in shared decision-making to reduce the overuse of antibiotics in acute respiratory infections: a cluster randomized trial, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184, E726, 10.1503/cmaj.120568

Leighl, 2011, Supporting treatment decision making in advanced cancer: a randomized trial of a decision aid for patients with advanced colorectal cancer considering chemotherapy, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 29, 2077, 10.1200/JCO.2010.32.0754

Lepore, 2012, Informed decision making about prostate cancer testing in predominantly immigrant black men: a randomized controlled trial, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 44, 320, 10.1007/s12160-012-9392-3

Lerman, 1997, Controlled trial of pretest education approaches to enhance informed decision-making for BRCA1 gene testing, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89, 148, 10.1093/jnci/89.2.148

Lewis, 2010, Effectiveness of a patient and practice-level colorectal cancer screening intervention in health plan members: design and baseline findings of the CHOICE trial, Cancer, 116, 1664, 10.1002/cncr.24962

Pignone, 2011, Effectiveness of a patient and practice-level colorectal cancer screening intervention in health plan members, Cancer, 117, 3252, 10.1002/cncr.25924

Pignone, 2011, Conjoint analysis versus rating and ranking for values elicitation and clarification in colorectal cancer screening, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27, 45, 10.1007/s11606-011-1837-z

Loh, 2007, Effects of shared decision making in primary care of depressive patients - better compliance and treatment effects, Klinikarzt, 36, 38, 10.1055/s-2007-970174

Loh, 2007, The effects of a shared decision-making intervention in primary care of depression: a cluster-randomized controlled trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 67, 324, 10.1016/j.pec.2007.03.023

Mann, 2010, The statin choice decision aid in primary care: a randomized trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 80, 138, 10.1016/j.pec.2009.10.008

Mann, 2010, Impact of informed-choice invitations on diabetes screening knowledge, attitude and intentions: an analogue study, BMC Public Health, 10, 768, 10.1186/1471-2458-10-768

Man-Son-Hing, 1999, A patient decision aid regarding antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 282, 737, 10.1001/jama.282.8.737

Kellar, 2011, Can informed choice invitations lead to inequities in intentions to make lifestyle changes among participants in a primary care diabetes screening programme? Evidence from a randomized trial, Public Health, 125, 645, 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.05.010

Marteau, 2010, Impact of an informed choice invitation on uptake of screening for diabetes in primary care (DICISION): randomised trial, BMJ, 340, c2138, 10.1136/bmj.c2138

Brown, 2014, Investigating active ingredients in a complex intervention: a nested study within the Patient and Decision Aids (PANDAs) randomised controlled trial for people with type 2 diabetes, BMC Research Notes, 7, 347, 10.1186/1756-0500-7-347

Mathers, 2012, Clinical effectiveness of a patient decision aid to improve decision quality and glycaemic control in people with diabetes making treatment choices: a cluster randomised controlled trial (PANDAs) in general practice, BMJ Open, 2, 1, 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001469

Mathieu, 2007, Informed choice in mammography screening: a randomized trial of a decision aid for 70-year-old women, Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 2039, 10.1001/archinte.167.19.2039

Mathieu, 2010, Helping women make choices about mammography screening: an online randomized trial of a decision aid for 40-year-old women, Patient Education and Counseling, 81, 63, 10.1016/j.pec.2010.01.001

McAlister, 2005, Impact of a patient decision aid on care among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a cluster randomized trial, CMAJ, 173, 496, 10.1503/cmaj.050091

Bastian, 2002, Evaluating participants' use of a hormone replacement therapy decision-making intervention, Patient Education and Counseling, 48, 283, 10.1016/S0738-3991(02)00048-4

McBride, 2002, A tailored intervention to aid decision making about hormone replacement therapy, American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1112, 10.2105/AJPH.92.7.1112

McCaffery, 2010, Psychosocial outcomes of three triage methods for the management of borderline abnormal cervical smears: an open randomised trial, BMJ, 340, b4491, 10.1136/bmj.b4491

Miller, 2005, Facilitating informed decision making about breast cancer risk and genetic counseling among women calling the NCI's Cancer Information Service, Journal of Health Communication, 10, 119, 10.1080/07366290500265335

Duren-Winfield, 2015, Health literacy and computer-assisted instruction: usability and patient preference, Journal of Health Communication, 20, 491, 10.1080/10810730.2014.976322

Miller, 2011, Effectiveness of a web-based colorectal cancer screening patient decision aid: a randomized controlled trial in a mixed-literacy population, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40, 608, 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.02.019

Emmett, 2005, Three-year follow-up of a factorial randomised controlled trial of two decision aids for newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, British Journal of General Practice, 55, 551

Montgomery, 2003, A factorial randomised controlled trial of decision analysis and an information video plus leaflet for newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, British Journal of General Practice, 53, 446

Frost, 2009, Women's views on the use of decision aids for decision making about the method of delivery following a previous caesarean section: qualitative interview study, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 116, 896, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02120.x

Hollinghurst, 2010, Economic evaluation of the DIAMOND randomized trial: cost and outcomes of 2 decision aids for mode of delivery among women with previous caesarian section, BMJ, 30, 453

Montgomery, 2007, Two decision aids for mode of delivery among women with previous caesarean section: randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 334, 1305, 10.1136/bmj.39217.671019.55

Montori, 2011, Use of a decision aid to improve treatment decisions in osteoporosis: the osteoporosis choice randomized trial, American Journal of Medicine, 124, 549, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.01.013

Pencille, 2009, Protocol for the Osteoporosis Choice trial. A pilot randomized trial of a decision aid in primary care practice, Trials, 10, 113, 10.1186/1745-6215-10-113

Morgan, 1997, A Randomized Trial of the Ischemic Heart Disease Shared Decision Making Program: An Evaluation of a Decision Aid [Masters Thesis]

Morgan, 2000, Randomized, controlled trial of an interactive videodisc decision aid for patients with ischemic heart disease, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15, 685, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.91139.x

Mott, 2014, Increasing engagement in evidence-based PTSD treatment through shared decision-making: a pilot study, Military Medicine, 179, 143, 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00363

Mullan, 2009, The diabetes mellitus medication choice decision aid: a randomized trial, Archives of Internal Medicine, 169, 1560, 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.293

Murray, 2001, Randomised controlled trial of an interactive multimedia decision aid on benign prostatic hypertrophy in primary care, BMJ, 323, 493, 10.1136/bmj.323.7311.493

Murray, 2001, Randomized controlled trial of an interactive multimedia decision aid on hormone replacement therapy in primary care, BMJ, 323, 490, 10.1136/bmj.323.7311.490

Nagle, 2008, Use of a decision aid for prenatal testing of fetal abnormalities to improve women's informed decision making: a cluster randomised controlled trial, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 115, 339, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01576.x

Nagle, 2006, Evaluation of a decision aid for prenatal testing of fetal abnormalities: a cluster randomised trial [ISRCTN22532458], BMC Public Health, 6, 96, 10.1186/1471-2458-6-96

Nassar, 2007, Evaluation of a decision aid for women with breech presentation at term: a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN14570598], BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 114, 325, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01206.x

Oakley, 2006, A pilot study assessing the effectiveness of a decision aid on patient adherence with oral bisphosphonate medication, Pharmaceutical Journal, 276, 536

Ozanne, 2007, Pilot trial of a computerized decision aid for breast cancer prevention, Breast Journal, 13, 147, 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2007.00395.x

Partin, 2006, Who uses decision aids? Subgroup analyses from a randomized controlled effectiveness trial of two prostate cancer screening decision support interventions, Health Expectations, 9, 285, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2006.00400.x

Partin, 2004, Randomized trial examining the effect of two prostate cancer screening educational interventions on patient knowledge, preferences, and behaviors, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19, 835, 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30047.x

Pignone, 2000, Videotape-based decision aid for colon cancer screening. A randomized, controlled trial, Annals of Internal Medicine, 133, 761, 10.7326/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00008

Patel, 2014, Primum non nocere: shared informed decision making in low back pain - a pilot cluster randomised trial, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15, 282, 10.1186/1471-2474-15-282

Protheroe, 2008, The use of mixed methodology in evaluating complex interventions: identifying patient factors that moderate the effects of a decision aid, Family Practice, 24, 594, 10.1093/fampra/cmm066

Protheroe, 2007, Effectiveness of a computerized decision aid in primary care on decision making and quality of life in menorrhagia: results of the MENTIP randomized controlled trial, Medical Decision Making, 27, 575, 10.1177/0272989X07306785

Rubel, 2010, Testing the effects of a decision aid for prostate cancer screening, Journal of Health Communication, 15, 307, 10.1080/10810731003686614

Ruffin, 2007, Preference-based electronic decision aid to promote colorectal cancer screening: results of a randomized controlled trial, Preventive Medicine, 45, 267, 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.003

Sawka, 2012, Randomized controlled trial of a computerized decision aid on adjuvant radioactive iodine treatment for patients with early-stage papillary thyroid cancer, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30, 2906, 10.1200/JCO.2011.41.2734

Schroy, 2011, The impact of a novel computer-based decision aid on shared decision making for colorectal cancer screening: a randomized trial, Medical Decision Making, 31, 93, 10.1177/0272989X10369007

Schroy, 2012, Aid-assisted decision making and colorectal cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43, 573, 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.018

Schwalm, 2012, Radial artery versus femoral artery access options in coronary angiogram procedures: randomized controlled trial of a patient-decision aid, Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 5, 260

Schwartz, 2001, Impact of educational print materials on knowledge, attitudes, and interest in BRCA1/BRCA2: testing among Ashkenazi Jewish women, Cancer, 92, 932, 10.1002/1097-0142(20010815)92:4<932::AID-CNCR1403>3.0.CO;2-Q

Hooker, 2011, Longitudinal changes in patient distress following interactive decision aid use among BRCA1/2 carriers: a randomized trial, Medical Decision Making, 31, 412, 10.1177/0272989X10381283

Schwartz, 2009, Randomized trial of a decision aid for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers: impact on measures of decision making and satisfaction, Health Psychology, 28, 11, 10.1037/a0013147

Sheridan, 2006, The impact of a decision aid about heart disease prevention on patients' discussions with their doctor and their plans for prevention: a pilot randomized trial, BMC Health Services Research, 6, 121, 10.1186/1472-6963-6-121

Sheridan, 2011, A randomized trial of an intervention to improve use and adherence to effective coronary heart disease prevention strategies, BMC Health Services Research, 11, 331, 10.1186/1472-6963-11-331

Sheridan, 2014, The effect of a decision aid intervention on decision making about coronary heart disease risk reduction: secondary analyses of a randomized trial, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 14, 1

Shorten, 2005, Making choices for childbirth: a randomized controlled trial of a decision-aid for informed birth after cesarean, Birth, 32, 252, 10.1111/j.0730-7659.2005.00383.x

Shourie, 2013, A cluster randomised controlled trial of a web based decision aid to support parents' decisions about their child's Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccination, Vaccine, 31, 6003, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.025

Smith, 2012, A theoretical framework for measuring knowledge in screening decision aid trials, Patient Education and Counseling, 89, 330, 10.1016/j.pec.2012.07.009

Smith, 2012, Informed choice in bowel cancer screening:a qualitative study to explore how adults with lower education use decision aids, Health Expectations, 17, 511, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2012.00780.x

Smith, 2014, Factors associated with informed decisions and participation in bowel cancer screening among adults with lower education and literacy, Medical Decision Making, 34, 756, 10.1177/0272989X13518976

Smith, 2010, A decision aid to support informed choices about bowel cancer screening among adults with low education: randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 341, c5370, 10.1136/bmj.c5370

Stacey, 2014, Decision aid for patients considering total knee arthroplasty with preference report for surgeons: A pilot randomized controlled trial, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15, 54, 10.1186/1471-2474-15-54

Steckelberg, 2011, Effect of evidence based risk information on "informed choice" in colorectal cancer screening: randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 342, d3193, 10.1136/bmj.d3193

Taylor, 2006, Educating African American men about the prostate cancer screening dilemma: a randomized intervention, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 15, 2179, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0417

Kaner, 2007, Medical communication and technology: a video-based process study of the use of decision aids in primary care consultations, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 7, 1

Thomson, 2007, A patient decision aid to support shared decision-making on anti-thrombotic treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation: randomised controlled trial, Quality & Safety in Health Care, 16, 216, 10.1136/qshc.2006.018481

Trevena, 2008, Randomized trial of a self-administered decision aid for colorectal cancer screening, Journal of Medical Screening, 15, 76, 10.1258/jms.2008.007110

Vandemheen, 2009, Randomized trial of a decision aid for patients with cystic fibrosis considering lung transplantation, American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, 180, 761, 10.1164/rccm.200903-0421OC

Kreuwel, 2013, Evaluation of an effective multifaceted implementation strategy for elective single-embryo transfer after in vitro fertilization, Human Reproduction, 28, 336, 10.1093/humrep/des371

Peperstraten, 2010, The effect of a multifaceted empowerment strategy on decision making about the number of embryos transferred in in vitro fertilisation: randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 341, c2501, 10.1136/bmj.c2501

Vodermaier, 2009, Contextual factors in shared decision making: a randomised controlled trial in women with a strong suspicion of breast cancer, British Journal of Cancer, 100, 590, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604916

Volk, 1999, A randomized controlled trial of shared decision making for prostate cancer screening, Archives of Family Medicine, 8, 333, 10.1001/archfami.8.4.333

Volk, 2003, Patient education for informed decision making about prostate cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up, Annals of Family Medicine, 1, 22, 10.1370/afm.7

Vuorma, 2003, Impact of patient information booklet on treatment decision - a randomized trial among women with heavy menstruation, Health Expectations, 6, 290, 10.1046/j.1369-7625.2003.00225.x

Vuorma, 2004, A randomized trial among women with heavy menstruation - impact of a decision aid on treatment outcomes and costs, Health Expectations, 7, 327, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2004.00297.x

Watson, 2006, Informed decision making and prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial exploring the impact of a brief patient decision aid on men's knowledge, attitudes and intention to be tested, Patient Education and Counseling, 63, 367, 10.1016/j.pec.2006.05.005

Jones, 2009, Should clinicians deliver decision aids? further exploration of the statin choice randomized trial results, Medical Decision Making, 29, 468, 10.1177/0272989X09333120

Nannenga, 2009, A treatment decision aid may increase patient trust in the diabetes specialist. The Statin Choice randomized trial, Health Expectations, 12, 38, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2008.00521.x

Weymiller, 2007, Helping patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus make treatment decisions: statin choice randomized trial, Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 1076, 10.1001/archinte.167.10.1076

Whelan, 2003, Helping patients make informed choices: a randomized trial of a decision aid for adjuvant chemotherapy in lymph node-negative breast cancer, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 95, 581, 10.1093/jnci/95.8.581

Whelan, 2004, Effect of a decision aid on knowledge and treatment decision making for breast cancer surgery: a randomized trial, JAMA, 292, 435, 10.1001/jama.292.4.435

Williams, 2013, Fostering informed decisions: A randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a decision aid among men registered to undergo mass screening for prostate cancer, Patient Education and Counseling, 91, 329, 10.1016/j.pec.2012.12.013

Wolf, 1996, The impact of informed consent on patient interest in prostate-specific antigen screening, Archives of Internal Medicine, 156, 1333, 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440110105014

Wolf, 1998, Preferences of elderly men for prostate-specific antigen screening and the impact of informed consent, Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences, 53, M195, 10.1093/gerona/53A.3.M195

Wolf, 2000, Does informed consent alter elderly patients' preferences for colorectal cancer screening? Results of a randomized trial, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15, 24, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.01079.x

Wong, 2006, A randomised controlled trial of a decision-aid leaflet to facilitate women's choice between pregnancy termination methods, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 113, 688, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00930.x

Abadie, 2009, Clinician's use of the Statin Choice decision aid in patients with diabetes: a videographic study nested in a randomized trial, Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 15, 492, 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01048.x

Adab, 2003, Randomised controlled trial of the effect of evidence based information on women's willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 57, 589, 10.1136/jech.57.8.589

Alegría, 2014, Activation, self-management, engagement, and retention in behavioral health care: a randomized clinical trial of the DECIDE intervention, JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 557, 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4519

Al Saffar, 2008, Depressed patients' preferences for education about medications by pharmacists in Kuwait, Patient Education and Counseling, 72, 94, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.01.027

Altiner, 2007, Reducing antibiotic prescriptions for acute cough by motivating GPs to change their attitudes to communication and empowering patients: a cluster-randomized intervention study, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 60, 638, 10.1093/jac/dkm254

Anderson, 2011, "The booklet helped me not to panic": a pilot of a decision aid for asymptomatic women with ovarian cancer and with rising CA-125 levels, International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 21, 737

Arimori, 2006, Randomized controlled trial of decision aids for women considering prenatal testing: the effect of the Ottawa Personal Decision Guide on decisional conflict, Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 3, 119, 10.1111/j.1742-7924.2006.00062.x

Armstrong, 2005, Individualized survival curves improve satisfaction with cancer risk management decisions in women with BRCA1/2 mutations, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 9319, 10.1200/JCO.2005.06.119

Arterburn, 2013, A population-based, shared decision-making approach to recruit for a randomized trial of bariatric surgery versus lifestyle for type 2 diabetes, Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 9, 837, 10.1016/j.soard.2013.05.006

Au, 2011, Development and pilot-testing of a decision aid for use among Chinese women facing breast cancer surgery, Health Expectations, 14, 405, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00655.x

Bakken, 2014, The effect of a mobile health decision support system on diagnosis and management of obesity, tobacco use, and depression in adults and children, The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 10, 774, 10.1016/j.nurpra.2014.07.017

Becker, 2009, The effects of hormone therapy decision support for women with mobility impairments, Health Care for Women International, 30, 845, 10.1080/07399330903066236

Belkora, 2012, Decision support by telephone: randomized controlled trial in a rural community setting, Patient Education and Counseling, 89, 134, 10.1016/j.pec.2012.06.009

Bellmunt, 2010, A new patient-focused approach to the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: establishing customized treatment options, BJU International, 107, 1190, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09829.x

Bennett PA Making the choice: cesarean delivery by maternal request versus planned vaginal birth [PhD thesis]. University of Colorado at Denver ProQuest 2011

Bieber, 2006, Participative decision-making as a measure to improve the doctor-patient interaction with fibromyalgia patients, Zeitschrift fur Medizinische Psychologie, 15, 53

Bieber, 2008, A shared decision-making communication training program for physicians treating fibromyalgia patients: effects of a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 13, 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.05.009

Branda, 2013, Shared decision making for patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial in primary care, BMC Health Services Research, 13, 1

Brenner, 2014, Comparing 3 values clarification methods for colorectal cancer screening decision-making: a randomized trial in the US and Australia, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29, 507, 10.1007/s11606-013-2701-0

Breslin, 2008, The design of a decision aid about diabetes medications for use during the consultation with patients with type 2 diabetes, Patient Education and Counseling, 73, 465, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.024

Brown, 2004, Education and role modelling for clinical decisions with female cancer patients, Health Expectations, 7, 303, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2004.00294.x

Brundage, 2001, Phase I study of a decision aid for patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, 1326, 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.5.1326

Burton, 2007, Booklet-based education in vestibular rehabilitation or symptom control improved subjective health in Meniere disease, Evidence-Based Medicine, 12, 111, 10.1136/ebm.12.4.111

Buzhardt, 2011, Effects of web-based support on early head start home visitors' use of evidence-based intervention decision making and growth in children's expressive communication, NHSA Dialog, 14, 121, 10.1080/15240754.2011.587614

Campbell, 2014, The effect of CommonGround Software and Decision Support Center, American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 17, 166, 10.1080/15487768.2014.916126

Carling, 2008, How should the impact of different presentations of treatment effects on patient choice be evaluated? A pilot randomized trial, PLOS ONE, 3, e3693, 10.1371/journal.pone.0003693

Causarano, 2015, Pre-consultation educational group intervention to improve shared decision-making for postmastectomy breast reconstruction: a pilot randomized controlled trial, Support Cancer Care, 23, 1365, 10.1007/s00520-014-2479-6

Chadwick, 1991, Medical or surgical orchidectomy: the patients' choice, BMJ, 302, 572, 10.1136/bmj.302.6776.572

Chan, 2011, A community-based intervention to promote informed decision making for prostate cancer screening among Hispanic American men changed knowledge and role preferences: a cluster RCT, Patient Education and Counseling, 84, e44, 10.1016/j.pec.2010.07.033

Chewning, 1999, Evaluation of a computerized contraceptive decision aid for adolescent patients, Patient Education and Counseling, 38, 227, 10.1016/S0738-3991(99)00014-2

Chiew, 2008, Development and evaluation of a decision aid for patients considering first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer, Health Expectations, 11, 35, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2007.00470.x

Clouston, 2014, Does access to a colorectal cancer screening website and/or a nurse-managed telephone help line provided to patients by their family physician increase fecal occult blood test uptake? Results from a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial, BMC Cancer, 14, 263, 10.1186/1471-2407-14-263

Col, 2007, Can computerized decision support help patients make complex treatment decisions? A randomized controlled trial of an individualized menopause decision aid, Medical Decision Making, 27, 585, 10.1177/0272989X07306781

Colella, 2004, Shared decision making in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: a model for treatment education and support, Urologic Nursing, 24, 187-91, 195-6

Costanza, 2011, Helping men make an informed decision about prostate cancer screening: a pilot study of telephone counseling, Patient Education and Counseling, 82, 193, 10.1016/j.pec.2010.05.011

Coulter, 2003, Patient information and shared decision-making in cancer care, British Journal of Cancer, 89, S15, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601080

Cox, 2012, Development and pilot testing of a decision aid for surrogates of patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation, Critical Care Medicine, 40, 2327, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182536a63

Crang-Svalenius, 1996, Women's informed choice of prenatal diagnosis: early ultrasound examination-routine ultrasound examination-age-independent amniocentesis, Fetal Diagnosis & Therapy, 11, 20, 10.1159/000264274

Davison, 1999, Information and patient participation in screening for prostate cancer, Patient Education and Counseling, 37, 255, 10.1016/S0738-3991(98)00123-2

Davison, 2007, Comparing a generic and individualized information decision support intervention for men newly diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, Cancer Nursing, 30, E7, 10.1097/01.NCC.0000290819.22195.d6

Boer, 2012, Implementing structured, multiprofessional medical ethical decision-making in a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Medical Ethics, 38, 596, 10.1136/medethics-2011-100250

Deen, 2012, The impact of different modalities for activating patients in a community health center setting, Patient Education and Counseling, 89, 178, 10.1016/j.pec.2012.04.012

Haan, 2013, Informed decision-making in colorectal cancer screening using colonoscopy or CT-colonography, Patient Education and Counseling, 91, 318, 10.1016/j.pec.2013.01.004

Deinzer, 2009, Is a shared decision-making approach effective in improving hypertension management?, Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 11, 266, 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00112.x

Denig, 2014, Effects of a patient oriented decision aid for prioritising treatment goals in diabetes: pragmatic randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 349, g5651, 10.1136/bmj.g5651

Deschamps, 2004, Impact of pharmacist consultation versus a decision aid on decision making regarding hormone replacement therapy, International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 12, 21, 10.1211/0022357022999

Deyo, 2000, Involving patients in clinical decisions: impact of an interactive video program on use of back surgery, Medical Care, 38, 959, 10.1097/00005650-200009000-00009

Phelan, 2001, Helping patients decide about back surgery: a randomized trial of an interactive video program, Spine, 26, 206, 10.1097/00007632-200101150-00016

Diefenbach, 2012, Acceptability and preliminary feasibility of an internet/CD-ROM-based education and decision program for early-stage prostate cancer patients: randomized pilot study, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14, e6, 10.2196/jmir.1891

Dobke, 2008, Pilot trial of telemedicine as a decision aid for patients with chronic wounds, Telemedicine Journal and e-health, 14, 245, 10.1089/tmj.2007.0038

Dodin, 2001, Making a decision about hormone replacement therapy. A randomized controlled trial, Canadian Family Physician, 47, 1586

Donovan, 2012, Presenting treatment options to men with clinically localized prostate cancer: the acceptability of active surveillance/monitoring, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs, 45, 191, 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgs030

Driscoll, 2008, Promoting prostate-specific antigen informed decision-making. Evaluating two community-level interventions, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35, 87, 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.016

Dunn, 1998, Videotape increases parent knowledge about poliovirus vaccines and choices of polio vaccination schedules, Pediatrics, 102, e26, 10.1542/peds.102.2.e26

Eaton, 2011, A novel approach to prevention for at-risk HIV negative men who have sex with men: creating a teachable moment to promote informed sexual decision making, American Journal of Public Health, 101, 539, 10.2105/AJPH.2010.191791

Eden, 2009, Patients were more consistent in randomized trial at prioritizing childbirth preferences using graphic-numeric than verbal formats, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62, 415, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.05.012

Eden, 2014, A randomized comparative trial of two decision tools for pregnant women with prior cesareans, Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 43, 568, 10.1111/1552-6909.12485

Eden, 2015, Use of online safety decision aid by abused women, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48, 372, 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.027

Edwards, 2012, Decision making for risk management: a comparison of graphical methods for presenting quantitative uncertainty, Risk Analysis, 32, 2055, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01839.x

El-Jawahri, 2010, Use of video to facilitate end-of-life discussions with patients with cancer: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28, 305, 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.7502

Ellison, 2008, A randomized trial comparing web-based decision aids on prostate cancer knowledge for African-American men, Journal of the National Medical Association, 100, 1139, 10.1016/S0027-9684(15)31481-4

Elwyn, 2004, Achieving involvement: process outcomes from a cluster randomized trial of shared decision making skill development and use of risk communication aids in general practice, Family Practice, 21, 337, 10.1093/fampra/cmh401

Emery, 2007, The GRAIDS Trial: a cluster randomised controlled trial of computer decision support for the management of familial cancer risk in primary care, British Journal of Cancer, 97, 486, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603897

Emmett, 2007, Decision-making about mode of delivery after previous caesarean section: development and piloting of two computer-based decision aids, Health Expectations, 10, 161, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2006.00429.x

Feldman-Stewart, 2006, An explicit values clarification task: development and validation, Patient Education and Counseling, 63, 350, 10.1016/j.pec.2006.04.001

Feldman-Stewart, 2012, The impact of explicit values clarification exercises in a patient decision aid emerges after the decision is actually made: evidence from a randomized controlled trial, Medical Decision Making, 32, 616, 10.1177/0272989X11434601

Fiks, 2013, Effectiveness of decision support for families, clinicians, or both on HPV vaccine receipt, Pediatrics, 131, 1114, 10.1542/peds.2012-3122

Flood, 1996, The importance of patient preference in the decision to screen for prostate cancer. Prostate Patient Outcomes Research Team, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 11, 342, 10.1007/BF02600045

Francis, 2009, Effect of using an interactive booklet about childhood respiratory tract infections in primary care consultations on reconsulting and antibiotic prescribing: a cluster randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 339, b2885, 10.1136/bmj.b2885

Fraval, 2015, Internet based patient education improves informed consent for elective orthopaedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 16, 14, 10.1186/s12891-015-0466-9

Frosch, 2001, Evaluation of two methods to facilitate shared decision making for men considering the prostate-specific antigen test, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 391, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016006391.x

Frosch, 2003, A randomized controlled trial comparing internet and video to facilitate patient education for men considering the prostate specific antigen test, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18, 781, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20911.x

Frosch, 2008, Using decision aids in community-based primary care: a theory-driven evaluation with ethnically diverse patients, Patient Education and Counseling, 73, 490, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.040

Frosch, 2011, Evaluation of a behavior support intervention for patients with poorly controlled diabetes, Archives of Internal Medicine, 171, 2011, 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.497

Frost, 2009, Women's views on the use of decision aids for decision making about the method of delivery following a previous caesarean section: qualitative interview study, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 116, 896, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02120.x

Fujiwara, 2015, Effect of providing risk information on undergoing cervical cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial, Archives of Public Health, 73, 7, 10.1186/s13690-014-0055-7

Garvelink, 2013, Development of a decision aid about fertility preservation for women with breast cancer in the Netherlands, Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 34, 170, 10.3109/0167482X.2013.851663

Genz, 2012, Blood glucose testing and primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes - evaluation of the effect of evidence-based patient information: a randomized controlled trial, Diabetic Medicine, 29, 1011, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03531.x

Giordano, 2014, Implementation of the "Sapere Migliora" information aid for newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis in routine clinical practice: a late-phase controlled trial, Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 20, 1234, 10.1177/1352458513519180

Goel, 2001, Randomized trial of a patient decision aid for choice of surgical treatment for breast cancer, Medical Decision Making, 21, 1, 10.1177/0272989X0102100101

Graham, 2000, Randomised controlled trial comparing effectiveness of touch screen system with leaflet for providing women with information on prenatal tests, BMJ, 320, 155, 10.1136/bmj.320.7228.155

Gray, 2009, Risk information exposure and direct-to-consumer genetic testing for BRCA mutations among women with a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 18, 1303, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0825

Green, 2001, Education about genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility: patient preferences for a computer program or genetic counselor, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 103, 24, 10.1002/ajmg.1501

Green, 2005, Use of an educational computer program before genetic counseling for breast cancer susceptibility: effects on duration and content of counseling sessions, Genetics in Medicine, 7, 221, 10.1097/01.GIM.0000159905.13125.86

Green, 2004, Effect of a computer-based decision aid on knowledge, perceptions, and intentions about genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 292, 442, 10.1001/jama.292.4.442

Greenfield, 1985, Expanding patient involvement in care. Effects on patient outcomes, Annals of Internal Medicine, 102, 520, 10.7326/0003-4819-102-4-520

Griffith, 2008, The effect of offering different numbers of colorectal cancer screening test options in a decision aid: a pilot randomized trial, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 8, 4, 10.1186/1472-6947-8-4

Griffith, 2008, Should a colon cancer screening decision aid include the option of no testing? A comparative trial of two decision aids, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 8, 10, 10.1186/1472-6947-8-10

Gruppen, 1994, Outcome bias and cognitive dissonance in evaluating treatment decisions, Academic Medicine, 69, S57, 10.1097/00001888-199410000-00042

Gummersbach, 2015, Willingness to participate in mammography screening - a randomized controlled questionnaire study of responses to two patient information leaflets with different factual content, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 112, 61

Hacking, 2013, Testing the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a 'decision navigation' intervention for early stage prostate cancer patients in Scotland - a randomised controlled trial, Psycho-Oncology, 22, 1017, 10.1002/pon.3093

Hall, 2007, Undergoing prenatal screening for Down's syndrome: presentation of choice and information in Europe and Asia, European Journal of Human Genetics, 15, 563, 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201790

Hall, 2011, Effects of a decision support intervention on decisional conflict associated with microsatellite instability testing, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 20, 249, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0685

Hamann, 2014, Effects of a question prompt sheet on active patient behaviour: a randomized controlled trial with depressed outpatients, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 60, 227, 10.1177/0020764013482311

Harmsen, 2014, Communicating risk using absolute risk reduction or prolongation of life formats: cluster-randomised trial in general practice, British Journal of General Practice, 64, e199, 10.3399/bjgp14X677824

Harwood, 2011, Decision aids for breast and nodal surgery in patients with early breast cancer: development and a pilot study, Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, 7, 114, 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2010.01375.x

Healton, 1999, Effects of ZDV-based patient education on intentions toward ZDV use, HIV testing and reproduction among a US cohort of women, AIDS Care, 11, 675, 10.1080/09540129947587

Henderson, 2013, Decision aid on disclosure of mental health status to an employer: feasibility and outcomes of a randomised controlled trial, British Journal of Psychiatry, 203, 350, 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.128470

Herrera, 1983, Parental information and circumcision in highly motivated couples with higher education, Pediatrics, 71, 233, 10.1542/peds.71.2.233

Hess, 2015, Preference elicitation tool for abnormal uterine bleeding treatment: a randomized controlled trial, The Patient: Patient Centered Outcomes Research, 8, 217, 10.1007/s40271-014-0078-8

Hewison, 2001, Use of videotapes for viewing at home to inform choice in Down syndrome screening: a randomised controlled trial, Prenatal Diagnosis, 21, 146, 10.1002/1097-0223(200102)21:2<146::AID-PD3>3.0.CO;2-M

Heyn, 2013, Effects of an interactive tailored patient assessment on patient-clinician communication in cancer care, Psycho-Oncology, 22, 89, 10.1002/pon.2064

Hickish, 1995, Patient preference for extended palliative chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer, Lancet, 345, 857, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92993-2

Hochlehnert, 2006, A computer-based information-tool for chronic pain patients: computerized information to support the process of shared decision-making, Patient Education and Counseling, 61, 92, 10.1016/j.pec.2005.02.014

Hofbauer, 2008, Patient-centered care in dermatology: an online system that provides accessible and appropriate information to guide patients' decision making, Archives of Dermatology, 144, 1225, 10.1001/archderm.144.9.1225

Hoffman, 2009, Colorectal cancer screening in the elderly: the need for informed decision making, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24, 1336, 10.1007/s11606-009-1121-7

Holbrook, 2007, Influence of decision aids on patient preferences for anticoagulant therapy: a randomized trial, CMAJ, 176, 1583, 10.1503/cmaj.060837

Hollen, 2013, A substance use decision aid for medically at-risk adolescents: results of a randomized controlled trial for cancer-surviving adolescents, Cancer Nursing, 36, 355, 10.1097/NCC.0b013e31827910ba

Holloway, 2003, Cluster-randomised trial of risk communication to enhance informed uptake of cervical screening, British Journal of General Practice, 53, 620

Holmes-Rovner, 2011, Shared decision making guidance reminders in practice (SDM-GRIP), Patient Education and Counseling, 85, 219, 10.1016/j.pec.2010.12.028

Holt, 2009, A comparison of a spiritually based and non-spiritually based educational intervention for informed decision making for prostate cancer screening among church-attending African-American men, Urologic Nursing, 29, 249

Hope, 2010, Can an educational DVD improve the acceptability of elective single embryo transfer? A randomized controlled study, Fertility and Sterility, 94, 489, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.080

Huijbregts, 2013, A target-driven collaborative care model for major depressive disorder is effective in primary care in the Netherlands. A randomized clinical trial from the depression initiative, Journal of Affective Disorders, 146, 328, 10.1016/j.jad.2012.09.015

Hunt, 2005, The routine and the traumatic in prenatal genetic diagnosis: does clinical information inform patient decision-making?, Patient Education and Counseling, 56, 302, 10.1016/j.pec.2004.03.004

Hunter, 1999, An evaluation of a health education intervention for mid-aged women: five year follow-up of effects upon knowledge, impact of menopause and health, Patient Education and Counseling, 38, 249, 10.1016/S0738-3991(98)00143-8

Hunter, 2005, A randomized trial comparing alternative approaches to prenatal diagnosis counseling in advanced maternal age patients, Clinical Genetics, 67, 303, 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00405.x

Huyghe, 2009, Banking on Fatherhood: pilot studies of a computerized educational tool on sperm banking before cancer treatment, Psycho-Oncology, 18, 1011, 10.1002/pon.1506

Ilic, 2008, Informing men about prostate cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial of patient education materials, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23, 466, 10.1007/s11606-007-0466-z

Isebaert, 2007, A decision aid for patients with localized prostate cancer: first results, Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 63, 15

Jackson, 2011, Randomised cluster trial to support informed parental decision-making for the MMR vaccine, BMC Public Health, 11, 475, 10.1186/1471-2458-11-475

Jerant, 2007, Effects of a tailored interactive multimedia computer program on determinants of colorectal cancer screening: a randomized controlled pilot study in physician offices, Patient Education and Counseling, 66, 67, 10.1016/j.pec.2006.10.009

Jibaja-Weiss, 2006, Entertainment education for informed breast cancer treatment decisions in low-literate women: development and initial evaluation of a patient decision aid, Journal of Cancer Education, 21, 133, 10.1207/s15430154jce2103_8

Joosten, 2009, Shared decision-making reduces drug use and psychiatric severity in substance-dependent patients, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78, 245, 10.1159/000219524

Joosten, 2011, Shared decision-making: increases autonomy in substance-dependent patients, Substance Use and Misuse, 48, 1037, 10.3109/10826084.2011.552931

Jorm, 2003, Providing information about the effectiveness of treatment options to depressed people in the community: a randomized controlled trial of effects on mental health literacy, help-seeking and symptoms, Psychological Medicine, 33, 1071, 10.1017/S0033291703008079

Kakkilaya, 2011, Use of a visual aid to improve counseling at the threshold of viability, Pediatrics, 128, e1511, 10.1542/peds.2011-0597

Kaplan, 2014, A randomized, controlled trial to increase discussion of breast cancer in primary care, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 23, 1245, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1380

Kaplan, 2014, Decisional conflict in economically disadvantaged men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, Cancer, 120, 2721, 10.1002/cncr.28755

Kassan, 2012, Men's use of an internet-based decision aid for prostate cancer screening, Journal of Health Communication, 17, 677, 10.1080/10810730.2011.579688

Kellar, 2008, Evaluation of an informed choice invitation for type 2 diabetes screening, Patient Education and Counseling, 72, 232, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.04.005

Kiatpongsan, 2014, Decision aid reduces misperceptions about hormone therapy: a randomized controlled trial, Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society, 21, 33, 10.1097/GME.0000000000000129

Kobelka, 2009, An evaluation of the decision-making process regarding amniocentesis following a screen-positive maternal serum screen result, Prenatal Diagnosis, 29, 514, 10.1002/pd.2235

Koelewijn-van Loon, 2009, Involving patients in cardiovascular risk management with nurse-led clinics: a cluster randomized controlled trial, CMAJ, 181, E267, 10.1503/cmaj.081591

Köpke, 2009, Patient education program to enhance decision autonomy in multiple sclerosis relapse management: a randomized-controlled trial, Multiple Sclerosis, 15, 96, 10.1177/1352458508095921

Köpke, 2014, Evidence-based patient information programme in early multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 85, 411, 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306441

Krawczyk, 2012, Cancer Prevention and the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Psychosocial and Behavioural Factors Involved in Vaccination Decision-making [PhD thesis]

Kripalani, 2007, Low-literacy interventions to promote discussion of prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33, 83, 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.03.018

Krones, 2009, The theory of planned behaviour in a randomized trial of a decision aid on cardiovascular risk prevention, Patient Education and Counseling, 78, 169, 10.1016/j.pec.2009.06.010

Krones, 2008, Absolute cardiovascular disease risk and shared decision making in primary care: a randomized controlled trial, Annals of Family Medicine, 6, 218, 10.1370/afm.854

Kuppermann, 2009, Computerized prenatal genetic testing decision-assisting tool: a randomized controlled trial, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 113, 53, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818e7ec4

Kurian, 2009, A computerized decision support system for depression in primary care, Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 11, 140, 10.4088/PCC.08m00687

Labrecque, 2010, Evaluation of the effect of a patient decision aid about vasectomy on the decision-making process: a randomized trial, Contraception, 82, 556, 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.05.003

LaCroix, 1999, Population-based strategy for improving informed decision making about hormone replacement therapy in managed care settings, Women's Health Issues, 9, 306, 10.1016/S1049-3867(99)00023-7

Lairson, 2011, Cost-effectiveness of targeted versus tailored interventions to promote mammography screening among women military veterans in the United States, Evaluation and Program Planning, 34, 97, 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2010.07.003

Lalonde, 2006, Evaluation of a decision aid and a personal risk profile in community pharmacy for patients considering options to improve cardiovascular health: the OPTIONS pilot study, International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 14, 51, 10.1211/ijpp.14.1.0007

Lancaster, 2009, Physician training in the use of a decision aid increased patient participation in decision making for CVD prevention, Evidence-Based Medicine, 14, 24, 10.1136/ebm.14.1.24

Landrey, 2013, Shared decision making in prostate-specific antigen testing: the effect of a mailed patient flyer prior to an annual exam, Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 4, 67, 10.1177/2150131912447074

Lazcano Ponce, 2000, The power of information and contraceptive choice in a family planning setting in Mexico, Sexually Transmitted Infections, 76, 277, 10.1136/sti.76.4.277

Legare, 2003, The effect of decision aids on the agreement between women's and physicians' decisional conflict about hormone replacement therapy, Patient Education and Counseling, 50, 211, 10.1016/S0738-3991(02)00129-5

Leung, 2004, Randomised trial comparing an interactive multimedia decision aid with a leaflet and a video to give information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome, Prenatal Diagnosis, 24, 613, 10.1002/pd.927

Levin, 2011, A computer-assisted depression intervention in primary care, Psychological Medicine, 41, 1373, 10.1017/S0033291710001935

Lewis, 2003, A randomized trial of three videos that differ in the framing of information about mammography in women 40 to 49 years old, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18, 875, 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21152.x

Lewis, 2012, Two controlled trials to determine the effectiveness of a mailed intervention to increase colon cancer screening, North Carolina Medical Journal, 73, 93, 10.18043/ncm.73.2.93

López-Jornet, 2012, Patient information preferences and behaviour in relation to oral biopsies, British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 50, e115, 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.12.010

Lukens, 2013, Shared decision-making for clients with mental illness: a randomized factorial survey, Research on Social Work Practice, 23, 694, 10.1177/1049731513489734

Lurie, 2011, Effects of viewing an evidence based video decision aid on patients' treatment preferences for spine surgery, Spine, 36, 1501, 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182055c1e

Maisels, 1983, Circumcision: the effect of information on parental decision making, Pediatrics, 71, 453, 10.1542/peds.71.3.453

Mancini, 2006, Cross-cultural validation of the Decisional Conflict Scale in a sample of French patients, Quality of Life Research, 15, 1063, 10.1007/s11136-005-6003-9

Manne, 2009, A randomized trial of generic versus tailored interventions to increase colorectal cancer screening among intermediate risk siblings, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 207, 10.1007/s12160-009-9103-x

Manns, 2005, The impact of education on chronic kidney disease patients'' plans to initiate dialysis with self-care dialysis: a randomized trial, Kidney International, 68, 1777, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00594.x

Markham, 2003, Limits to patient choice: example from anaesthesia, BMJ, 326, 863, 10.1136/bmj.326.7394.863

Martin, 2012, An experimental evaluation of patient decision aid design to communicate the effects of medications on the rate of progression of structural joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis, Patient Education and Counseling, 86, 329, 10.1016/j.pec.2011.06.001

Maslin, 1998, Shared decision-making using an interactive video disk system for women with early breast cancer, NT Research, 3, 444, 10.1177/174498719800300609

Maslin, 1998, Using an interactive video disk in breast cancer patient support, Nursing Times, 94, 4

Matlock, 2014, Feasibility and acceptability of a decision aid designed for people facing advanced or terminal illness: a pilot randomized trial, Health Expectations, 17, 49, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00732.x

Matloff, 2006, Healthy women with a family history of breast cancer: impact of a tailored genetic counseling intervention on risk perception, knowledge, and menopausal therapy decision making, Journal of Women's Health, 15, 843, 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.843

Mazur, 1994, The effect of physician's explanations on patients' treatment preferences: five-year survival data, Medical Decision Making, 14, 255, 10.1177/0272989X9401400307

McCaffery, 2007, Patient decision aids to support clinical decision making: evaluating the decision or the outcomes of the decision, Medical Decision Making, 27, 619, 10.1177/0272989X07306787

McGinley, 2002, Effect of Web-based Computer-tailoring on Women's Intention to Continue or Begin to Use Hormone Replacement Therapy to Lower their Risk for Osteoporosis [PhD thesis]

McGowan, 2008, Just-in-time information improved decision-making in primary care: a randomized controlled trial, PLOS ONE, 3, e3785, 10.1371/journal.pone.0003785

McInerney-Leo, 2004, BRCA1/2 testing in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families: effectiveness of problem-solving training as a counseling intervention, American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 130, 221, 10.1002/ajmg.a.30265

Mclaren, 2011, Exploring the role of gender and risk perceptions in people's decisions to register as a bone marrow donor, Health Education Research, 27, 513, 10.1093/her/cyr112

Meropol, 2013, A web-based communication aid for patients with cancer: the CONNECT study, Cancer, 119, 1437, 10.1002/cncr.27874

Michie, 1997, Patient decision making: An evaluation of two different methods of presenting information about a screening test, British Journal of Health Psychology, 2, 317, 10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00545.x

Miller, 2014, A group-randomized trial of shared decision making for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug risk awareness: primary results and lessons learned, Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 20, 638, 10.1111/jep.12193

Miller, 2014, Randomized trial of print messaging: the role of the partner and monitoring style in promoting provider discussions about prostate cancer screening among African American men, Psycho-Oncology, 23, 404, 10.1002/pon.3437

Mishel, 2009, Managing uncertainty about treatment decision making in early stage prostate cancer: a randomized clinical trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 77, 349, 10.1016/j.pec.2009.09.009

Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, 2012, Communicating contraceptive effectiveness: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Caring Sciences, 1, 1

Molenaar, 2001, Decision support for patients with early-stage breast cancer: effects of an interactive breast cancer CDROM on treatment decision, satisfaction, and quality of life, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, 1676, 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.6.1676

Mulley, 2006, Developing skills for evidence-based surgery: ensuring that patients make informed decisions, Surgical Clinics of North America, 86, 181, 10.1016/j.suc.2005.11.001

Myers, 2005, Preparing African-American men in community primary care practices to decide whether or not to have prostate cancer screening, Journal of the National Medical Association, 97, 1143

Myers, 2005, Decision counseling in cancer prevention and control, Health Psychology, 24, S71, 10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.S71

Myers, 2007, A randomized controlled trial of the impact of targeted and tailored interventions on colorectal cancer screening, Cancer, 110, 2083, 10.1002/cncr.23022

Myers, 2011, Mediated decision support in prostate cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial of decision counseling, Patient Education and Counseling, 83, 240, 10.1016/j.pec.2010.06.011

Myers, 2013, A randomized controlled trial of a tailored navigation and a standard intervention in colorectal cancer screening, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 22, 109, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0701

Neubeck, 2008, The CHOICE (Choice of Health Options In prevention of Cardiovascular Events) replication trial: study protocol, BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 8, 25, 10.1186/1471-2261-8-25

Newton, 2001, Women's responses to a mailed hormone replacement therapy workbook, Menopause, 8, 361, 10.1097/00042192-200109000-00011

O'Cathain, 2002, Use of evidence based leaflets to promote informed choice in maternity care: randomised controlled trial in everyday practice, BMJ, 324, 643, 10.1136/bmj.324.7338.643

O'Connor, 1996, Framing effects on expectations, decisions, and side effects experienced: the case of influenza immunization, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 49, 1721, 10.1016/S0895-4356(96)00177-1

O'Connor, 1998, Randomized trial of a portable, self-administered decision aid for postmenopausal women considering long-term preventive hormone therapy, Medical Decision Making, 18, 295, 10.1177/0272989X9801800307

O'Connor, 1999, The effects of an 'explicit' values clarification exercise in a women's decision aid regarding postmenopausal hormone therapy, Health Expectations, 2, 21, 10.1046/j.1369-6513.1999.00027.x

O'Connor, 2009, Customized feedback to patients and providers failed to improve safety or quality of diabetes care: a randomized trial, Diabetes Care, 32, 1158, 10.2337/dc08-2247

Connor, 2011, Impact of electronic health record clinical decision support on diabetes care: a randomized trial, Annals of Family Medicine, 9, 12, 10.1370/afm.1196

Owens, 2014, A Community-driven Approach to the Development of a Digital Decision Aid to Facilitate Informed Decision Making for Prostate Cancer Screening among African-American men in Communities of Faith [PhD thesis]

Patanwala, 2011, A randomized questionnaire-based study on the impact of providing numerical information on colorectal cancer screening, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Short Reports, 2, 48

Patel, 2014, Primum non nocere: shared informed decision making in low back pain - a pilot cluster randomised trial, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15, 282, 10.1186/1471-2474-15-282

Pearson, 2005, Interacting effects of preoperative information and patient choice in adaptation to colonoscopy, Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 48, 2047, 10.1007/s10350-005-0172-z

Peele, 2005, Decreased use of adjuvant breast cancer therapy in a randomized controlled trial of a decision aid with individualized risk information, Medical Decision Making, 25, 301, 10.1177/0272989X05276851

Petty, 2014, Exploring the effectiveness of an interactive, technology-enabled learning tool to enhance knowledge for neonatal nurses, Neonatal, Paediatric and Child Health Nursing, 17, 2

Philip, 2010, Evaluating the impact of an educational intervention to increase CRC screening rates in the African American community: a preliminary study, Cancer Causes Control, 21, 1685, 10.1007/s10552-010-9597-3

Phillips, 1995, The influence of video imaging on patients' perceptions and expectations, Angle Orthodontist, 65, 263

Pignone, 2013, Comparing 3 techniques for eliciting patient values for decision making about prostate-specific antigen screening: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA Internal Medicine, 173, 362, 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.2651

Pinto, 2008, A pilot study for a randomized controlled and patient preference trial of buprenorphine versus methadone maintenance treatment in the management of opiate dependent patients, Journal of Substance Use, 13, 73, 10.1080/14659890701538810

Powers, 2011, The effectiveness of personalized coronary heart disease and stroke risk communication, American Heart Journal, 161, 673, 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.12.021

Proctor, 2006, Patient satisfaction with 3 methods of postpartum contraceptive counseling: a randomized, prospective trial, Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 51, 377

Prunty, 2008, The motherhood choice: a decision aid for women with multiple sclerosis, Patient Education and Counseling, 71, 108, 10.1016/j.pec.2007.10.021

Ranta, 2015, Cluster randomized controlled trial of TIA electronic decision support in primary care, American Academy of Neurology, 84, 1545, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001472

Rapley, 2006, Doctor-patient interaction in a randomised controlled trial of decision-support tools, Social Science & Medicine, 62, 2267, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.10.011

Raynes-Greenow, 2009, Do audio-guided decision aids improve outcomes? A randomized controlled trial of an audio-guided decision aid compared with a booklet decision aid for Australian women considering labour analgesia, Health Expectations, 12, 407, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00553.x

Raynes-Greenow, 2010, Assisting informed decision making for labour analgesia: a randomised controlled trial of a decision aid for labour analgesia versus a pamphlet, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 10, 15, 10.1186/1471-2393-10-15

Rimer, 2001, The short-term impact of tailored mammography decision-making interventions, Patient Education and Counseling, 43, 269, 10.1016/S0738-3991(00)00172-5

Rimer, 2002, Effects of a mammography decision-making intervention at 12 and 24 months, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22, 247, 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00417-8

Robinson, 2013, Skin self-examination education for early detection of melanoma: a randomized controlled trial of internet, workbook and in-person interventions, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16, 1

Ronda, 2014, The effects of a web-based decision aid on the intention to diagnostic self-testing for cholesterol and diabetes: a randomized controlled trial, BMC Public Health, 14, 921, 10.1186/1471-2458-14-921

Rostom, 2002, A randomized trial of a computerized versus an audio-booklet decision aid for women considering post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy, Patient Education and Counseling, 46, 67, 10.1016/S0738-3991(01)00167-7

Roter, 2012, The impact of patient and physician computer mediated communication skill training on reported communication and patient satisfaction, Patient Education and Counseling, 88, 406, 10.1016/j.pec.2012.06.020

Holmes-Rovner, 1999, Patient decision support intervention: increased consistency with decision analytic models, Medical Care, 37, 270, 10.1097/00005650-199903000-00007

Rothert, 1997, An educational intervention as decision support for menopausal women, Research in Nursing & Health, 20, 377, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199710)20:5<377::AID-NUR2>3.0.CO;2-L

Rovner, 2004, Decision aids for benign prostatic hyperplasia: applicability across race and education, Medical Decision Making, 24, 359, 10.1177/0272989X04267010

Rubinstein, 2011, Clinical utility of family history for cancer screening and referral in primary care: a report from the Family Healthware Impact Trial, Genetics in Medicine, 13, 956, 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182241d88

Ruddy, 2009, Breast cancer in young women: clinical decision-making in the face of uncertainty, Oncology, 23, 474

Ruehlman, 2012, A randomized controlled evaluation of an online chronic pain self management program, Pain, 153, 319, 10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.025

Ruland, 2013, Effects of an internet support system to assist cancer patients in reducing symptom distress: a randomized controlled trial, Cancer Nursing, 36, 6, 10.1097/NCC.0b013e31824d90d4

Ryser, 2004, Breastfeeding attitudes, intention, and initiation in low-income women: the effect of the best start program, Journal of Human Lactation, 20, 300, 10.1177/0890334404266985

Sassen, 2014, Supporting health care professionals to improve the processes of shared decision making and self-management in a web-based intervention: randomized controlled trial, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16, e211, 10.2196/jmir.3170

Saver, 2007, A tale of two studies: the importance of setting, subjects and context in two randomized, controlled trials of a web-based decision support for perimenopausal and postmenopausal health decisions, Patient Education and Counseling, 66, 211, 10.1016/j.pec.2006.12.004

Sawka, 2011, How can we meet the information needs of patients with early stage papillary thyroid cancer considering radioactive iodine remnant ablation?, Clinical Endocrinology, 74, 419, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03966.x

Scaffidi, 2014, The relationship between personal knowledge and decision self-efficacy in choosing trial of labor after cesarean, Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 59, 246, 10.1111/jmwh.12173

Schapira, 2000, The effect of an illustrated pamphlet decision-aid on the use of prostate cancer screening tests, Journal of Family Practice, 49, 418

Schapira, 2007, Decision-making at menopause: a randomized controlled trial of a computer-based hormone therapy decision-aid, Patient Education and Counseling, 67, 100, 10.1016/j.pec.2007.02.007

Schwartz, 2009, Using a drug facts box to communicate drug benefits and harms: two randomized trials, Annals of Internal Medicine, 150, 516, 10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-00106

Sears, 2007, What do I have to lose? effects of a psycho-educational intervention on cancer patient preference for resuscitation, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 533, 10.1007/s10865-007-9128-1

Sequist, 2011, Electronic patient message to promote colorectal cancer screening, Archives of Internal Medicine, 171, 636, 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.467

Shah, 2012, Improving diabetes care: multi-component cardiovascular disease risk reduction strategies for people with diabetes in South Asia - the CARRS multi-center translation trial, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 98, 285, 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.09.023

Sheppard, 2012, A decision-support intervention for black women eligible for adjuvant systematic therapy: Sisters informing sisters about breast cancer treatment - An intervention to reduce treatment disparities, Cancer Disparities: Causes and Evidence-Based Solutions

Sheridan, 2004, Information needs of men regarding prostate cancer screening and the effect of a brief decision aid, Patient Education and Counseling, 54, 345, 10.1016/j.pec.2003.12.003

Sheridan, 2010, Effect of adding a values clarification exercise to a decision aid on heart disease prevention: a randomized trial, Medical Decision Making, 30, E28, 10.1177/0272989X10369008

Sheridan, 2012, Shared decision making for prostate cancer screening: the results of a combined analysis of two practice-based randomized controlled trials, BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making, 12, 130, 10.1186/1472-6947-12-130

Sherman, 2014, BRECONDA: Development and acceptability of an interactive decisional support tool for women considering breast reconstruction, Psycho-Oncology, 23, 835, 10.1002/pon.3498

Shirai, 2012, Patients' perception of the usefulness of a question prompt sheet for advanced cancer patients when deciding the initial treatment: a randomized, controlled trial, Psycho-Oncology, 21, 706, 10.1002/pon.1955

Silver, 2012, A randomized trial of decision-making in asymptomatic carotid stenosis, Neurology, 78, 315, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824528df

Siminoff, 2006, A decision aid to assist in adjuvant therapy choices for breast cancer, Psycho-Oncology, 15, 1001, 10.1002/pon.1040

Vickers, 2009, Long-term health outcomes of a decision aid: data from a randomized trial of adjuvant! in women with localized breast cancer, Medical Decision Making, 29, 461, 10.1177/0272989X08329344

Simon, 2012, Effectiveness of a web-based, individually tailored decision aid for depression or acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 87, 360, 10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.009

Simon, 2012, Providing patient progress information and clinical support tools to therapists: Effects on patients at risk of treament failure, Psychotherapy Research, 22, 638, 10.1080/10503307.2012.698918

Smith, 2011, A pilot trial of decision aids to give truthful prognostic and treatment information to chemotherapy patients with advanced cancer, Journal of Supportive Oncology, 9, 79, 10.1016/j.suponc.2010.12.005

Smith, 2011, Living kidney donor decision making and communication, Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, 16, 870, 10.1080/10810730.2011.563668

Solberg, 2010, Informed choice assistance for women making uterine fibroid treatment decisions: a practical clinical trial, Medical Decision Making, 30, 444, 10.1177/0272989X09353947

Sorenson, 2004, Assessment of a decision aid to assist genetic testing research participants in the informed consent process, Genetic Testing, 8, 336, 10.1089/gte.2004.8.336

Sparano, 2006, TAILORx: trial assigning individualized options for treatment (Rx), Clinical Breast Cancer, 7, 347, 10.3816/CBC.2006.n.051

Stalmeier, 2009, Concise evaluation of decision aids, Patient Education and Counseling, 74, 104, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.043

Starosta, 2015, Baseline attitudes about prostate cancer screening moderate the impact of decision aids on screening rates, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49, 762, 10.1007/s12160-015-9692-5

Stein, 2013, Randomized controlled trial of a structured intervention to facilitate end-of-life decision making in patients with advanced cancer, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 3403, 10.1200/JCO.2011.40.8872

Steiner, 2003, Understanding risk: a randomized controlled trial of communicating contraceptive effectiveness, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 102, 709

Stephens, 2008, Influence of a patient decision aid on decisional conflict related to PSA testing: a structural equation model, Health Psychology, 27, 711, 10.1037/0278-6133.27.6.711

Stiggelbout, 2008, The impact of individualized evidence-based decision support on aneurysm patients' decision making, ideals of autonomy, and quality of life, Medical Decision Making, 28, 751, 10.1177/0272989X08321680

Stirling, 2012, Decision aids for respite service choices by carers of people with dementia: development and pilot RCT, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 12, 21, 10.1186/1472-6947-12-21

Street, 1995, Increasing patient involvement in choosing treatment for early breast cancer, Cancer, 76, 2275, 10.1002/1097-0142(19951201)76:11<2275::AID-CNCR2820761115>3.0.CO;2-S

Street, 1998, Preconsultation education promoting breast cancer screening: does the choice of media make a difference?, Journal of Cancer Education, 13, 152

Sundaresan, 2011, Evaluating the utility of a patient decision aid for potential participants of a prostate cancer trial (RAVES-TROG 08.03), Radiotherapy and Oncology, 101, 521, 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.07.016

Tabak, 1995, Decision making in consenting to experimental cancer therapy, Cancer Nursing, 18, 89, 10.1097/00002820-199504000-00002

Taylor, 2013, Decision making in prostate cancer screening using decision aids vs usual care: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA Internal Medicine, 173, 1704

Wolde, 2008, Long-term effectiveness of computer-generated tailored patient education on benzodiazepines: a randomized controlled trial, Addiction, 103, 662, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02141.x

Thomas, 2013, Educational videos to reduce racial disparities in ICD therapy via innovative designs (VIVID): a randomized clinical trial, American Heart Journal, 166, 157, 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.031

Thomson, 2006, A computerised guidance tree (decision aid) for hypertension, based on decision analysis: development and preliminary evaluation, European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 5, 146, 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2005.10.003

Thornton, 1995, A randomised trial of three methods of giving information about prenatal testing, BMJ, 311, 1127, 10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1127

Tiller, 2006, A randomized controlled trial of a decision aid for women at increased risk of ovarian cancer, Medical Decision Making, 26, 360, 10.1177/0272989X06290486

Tinsel, 2013, Shared decision-making in antihypertensive therapy: a cluster randomised controlled trial, BMC Family Practice, 14, 135, 10.1186/1471-2296-14-135

Tomko, 2015, Decisional outcomes following use of an interactive web-based decision aid for prostate cancer screening, Translational Behavioral Medicine: Practice, Policy, Research, 5, 189, 10.1007/s13142-014-0301-0

Ukoli, 2013, A tailored prostate cancer education intervention for low-income African Americans: impact on knowledge and screening, Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24, 311, 10.1353/hpu.2013.0033

Valdez, 2001, Impact of a multimedia breast cancer education intervention on use of mammography by low-income Latinas, Journal of Cancer Education, 16, 221

Krieke, 2013, A web-based tool to support shared decision making for people with a psychotic disorder: randomized controlled trial and process evaluation, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15, e216, 10.2196/jmir.2851

Roosmalen, 2004, Randomised trial of a decision aid and its timing for women being tested for a BRCA1/2 mutation, British Journal of Cancer, 90, 333, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601525

Roosmalen, 2004, Randomized trial of a shared decision-making intervention consisting of trade-offs and individualized treatment information for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22, 3293, 10.1200/JCO.2004.05.066

Steenkiste, 2008, Patients' responsiveness to a decision support tool for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in primary care, Patient Education and Counseling, 72, 63, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.02.009

Til, 2009, The effect of information on preferences stated in a choice-based conjoint analysis, Patient Education and Counseling, 74, 264, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.08.025

Tol-Geerdink, 2013, Choice between prostatectomy and radiotherapy when men are eligible for both: a randomized controlled trial of usual care vs decision aid, BJU International, 111, 564, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11402.x

Veroff, 2012, Improving self-care for heart failure for seniors: Impact of video and written education and decision aids, Population Health Management, 15, 37, 10.1089/pop.2011.0019

Volandes, 2009, Video decision support tool for advance care planning in dementia: randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 338, b2159, 10.1136/bmj.b2159

Volandes, 2011, Assessing end-of-life preferences for advanced dementia in rural patients using an educational video: a randomised controlled trial, Journal of Palliative Medicine, 14, 169, 10.1089/jpm.2010.0299

Volandes, 2013, Randomized controlled trial of a video decision support tool for cardiopulmonary resuscitation decision making in advanced care, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 380, 10.1200/JCO.2012.43.9570

Volk, 2008, Entertainment education for prostate cancer screening: a randomized trial among primary care patients with low health literacy, Patient Education and Counseling, 73, 482, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.033

Wagner, 2011, A decision aid to support informed choice about bowel cancer screening in people with low educational level improves knowledge but reduces screening uptake, Evidence-Based Nursing, 14, 36, 10.1136/ebn1142

Wagner, 1995, The effect of a shared decision making program on rates of surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Pilot results, Medical Care, 33, 765, 10.1097/00005650-199508000-00002

Wakefield, 2008, Randomized trial of a decision aid for individuals considering genetic testing for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer risk, Cancer, 113, 956, 10.1002/cncr.23681

Wakefield, 2008, A randomized controlled trial of a decision aid for women considering genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer risk, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 107, 289, 10.1007/s10549-007-9539-2

Wakefield, 2008, A randomized trial of a breast/ovarian cancer genetic testing decision aid used as a communication aid during genetic counseling, Psycho-Oncology, 17, 844, 10.1002/pon.1353

Wallston, 1991, Desire for control and choice of antiemetic treatment for cancer chemotherapy, Western Journal of Nursing Research, 13, 12, 10.1177/019394599101300102

Wang, 2005, Genetic counseling for BRCA1/2: a randomized controlled trial of two strategies to facilitate the education and counseling process, American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 134, 66, 10.1002/ajmg.a.30577

Warner, 2015, Decision aid for cigarette smokers scheduled for elective surgery, Anesthesiology, 123, 18, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000704

Watts, 2014, Online prostate cancer screening decision aid for at-risk men: a randomized trial, Health Psychology, 33, 986, 10.1037/a0034405

Welschen, 2012, Effects of cardiovascular disease risk communication for patients with type 2 diabetes on risk perception in a randomized controlled trial: the @RISK study, Diabetes Care, 35, 2485, 10.2337/dc11-2130

Wennberg, 2010, A randomized trial of a telephone care-management strategy, New England Journal of Medicine, 363, 1245, 10.1056/NEJMsa0902321

Westermann, 2013, Structured shared decision-making using dialogue and visualization: a randomized controlled trial, Patient Education and Counseling, 90, 74, 10.1016/j.pec.2012.09.014

Weymann, 2015, Effectiveness of a web-based tailored interactive health communication application for patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic low back pain: randomized controlled trial, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17, e53 1-21, 10.2196/jmir.3904

Wilhelm, 2009, Extended preoperative patient education using a multimedia DVD: impact on patients receiving a laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomised controlled trial, Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, 394, 227, 10.1007/s00423-008-0460-x

Wilkes, 2013, Pairing physician education with patient activation to improve shared decisions in prostate cancer screening: a cluster randomized controlled trial, Annals of Family Medicine, 11, 324, 10.1370/afm.1550

Wilkie, 2013, Reproductive health choices for young adults with sickle cell disease or trait: randomized controlled trial immediate posttest effects, Nursing Research, 62, 352, 10.1097/NNR.0b013e3182a0316b

Wilkins, 2006, Impact of an educational video on patient decision making in early breast cancer treatment, Medical Decision Making, 26, 589, 10.1177/0272989X06295355

Willemsen, 2006, Helping smokers to decide on the use of efficacious smoking cessation methods: a randomized controlled trial of a decision aid, Addiction, 101, 441, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01349.x

Williamson, 2014, Informed reproductive decision-making: The impact of providing fertility information on fertility knowledge and intentions to delay childbearing, Journals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 36, 400, 10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30585-5

Williams-Piehota, 2008, Health information styles among participants in a prostate cancer screening informed decision-making intervention, Health Education Research, 23, 440, 10.1093/her/cyn011

Woltmann, 2011, Trial of an electronic decision support system to facilitate shared decision making in community mental health, Psychiatric Services, 62, 54, 10.1176/ps.62.1.pss6201_0054

Wroe, 2005, Evaluation of a decision-making aid for parents regarding childhood immunizations, Health Psychology, 24, 539, 10.1037/0278-6133.24.6.539

Yee, 2014, A randomized trial of a prenatal genetic testing interactive computerized information aid, Prenatal Diagnosis, 34, 552, 10.1002/pd.4347

Yun, 2011, Use of a decision aid to help caregivers discuss terminal disease status with a family member with cancer: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 29, 4811, 10.1200/JCO.2011.35.3870

Zajac, 2012, Making Difficult Health Decisions: A Motivated Decision Processing Model [PhD thesis]

Zapka, 2004, Patient education for colon cancer screening: a randomized trial of a video mailed before a physical examination, Annals of Internal Medicine, 141, 683, 10.7326/0003-4819-141-9-200411020-00009

Zikmund-Fisher, 2008, Communicating side effect risks in a tamoxifen prophylaxis decision aid: the debiasing influence of pictographs, Patient Education and Counseling, 73, 209, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.05.010

Zoffman, 2012, Realizing empowerment in difficult diabetes care: a guided self-determination intervention, Qualitative Health Research, 22, 103, 10.1177/1049732311420735

ACTRN12615000523505 The Motherhood Choices Decision Aid for Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis Increases Knowledge and Reduces Decisional Conflict: A Randomized Controlled Study http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ACTRN12615000523505

ACTRN12615000843550 Evaluation of decision aids for parents about the benefits and harms of antibiotic use for coughs and colds in children http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ACTRN12615000843550

Al-Itejawi, 2016, Development of a patient decision aid for the treatment of localised prostate cancer: a participatory design approach, J Clin Nurs, 25, 1131, 10.1111/jocn.13120

Anderson, 2014, Effectiveness of the Chest Pain Choice decision aid in emergency department patients with low-risk chest pain: study protocol for a multicenter randomized trial, Trials, 15, 1

Aslani, 2014, The impact of computerized decision aid on mode of delivery - a study protocol, Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 200, 170

Buhse, 2013, An evidence-based shared decision making programme on the prevention of myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: protocol of a randomised-controlled trial, BMC Family Practice, 14, 1

Carroll, 2013, Development and feasibility testing of decision support for patients who are candidates for a prophylactic implantable defibrillator: a study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial, Trials, 14, 1

Chambers, 2008, ProsCan for men: randomised controlled trial of a decision support intervention for men with localised prostate cancer, BMC Cancer, 8, 207, 10.1186/1471-2407-8-207

Coylewright, 2012, Shared decision making in patients with stable coronary artery disease: PCI choice, PLOS One, 7, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0049827

Cuypers, 2015, Impact of a web-based treatment decision aid for early-stage prostate cancer on shared decision-making and health outcomes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial., Trials, 16, 231, 10.1186/s13063-015-0750-x

Ouden, 2015, Shared decision making in type 2 diabetes with a support decision tool that takes into account clinical factors, the intensity of treatment and patient preferences: design of a cluster randomised (OPTIMAL) trial, BMC Family Practice, 16, 27, 10.1186/s12875-015-0230-0

Dirmaier, 2013, A tailored, dialogue-based health communication application for patients with chronic low back pain: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial, BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making, 13, 1

Geiger, 2011, Investigating a training supporting Shared Decision Making (IT'S SDM 2011): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials, 12, 232, 10.1186/1745-6215-12-232

Hersch, 2014, The effect of information about overdetectection of breast cancer on women's decision-making about mammography screening: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial, BMJ Open, 4, 1, 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004990

Hess, 2014, Effectiveness of the head CT choice decision aid in parents of children with minor head trauma:study protocol for a multicenter randomized trial, Trials, 14, 1

Jimbo, 2013, Decision Aid to Technologically Enhance Shared decision making (DATES): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials, 14, 1

Effects of a web-based decision aid on African American men's prostate screening knowledge and behavior Ongoing study

LeBlanc, 2013, Translating comparative effectiveness of depression medications into practice by comparing the depression medication choice decision aid to usual care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials, 14, 1

Mann, 2012, Increasing efficacy of primary care-based counseling for diabetes prevention: rationale and design of the ADAPT (Avoiding Diabetes Thru Action Plan Targeting) trial, Implementation Science, 7, 6, 10.1186/1748-5908-7-6

NCT00813033 Use of a Patient Decision Aid for Gastrologic Endoscopy in a Pediatric Setting https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00813033

NCT01077037 Impact of a Decision Aid on Patient Decision Making in Emergency Department Chest Pain Patients clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01077037

NCT01152294 Measuring Quality of Decisions About Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01152294

NCT01152307 Measuring Quality of Decisions About Treatment of Depression clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01152307

NCT01447186 Adaptation of the American Cancer Society (ACS) Early Detection of Prostate Cancer Patient Decision Aid for Spanish Speaking Men clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01447186

NCT01618097 Evaluation of DVD and Internet Decision Aids for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Focus on Health Literacy clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01618097

NCT01713894 Decision Aid - Extreme Prematurity clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01713894

NCT01771536 The PCI Choice Trial: a Pilot Randomized Trial of a Decision Aid for Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01771536

NCT01851785 African American Preference for Knee Replacement: A Patient-Centered Intervention (ACTION) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01851785

NCT01941186 A Family Centered Intervention to Promote Optimal Child Development clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01941186

NCT01976325 Evaluating the Ottawa Malaria Decision Aid (OMDA) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01976325

NCT02026102 A Pilot Trial of Patient Decision Aids for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02026102

NCT02084290 Evaluating a Shared Decision Making Program for Crohn's Disease clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02084290

NCT02110979 Validation of a Patient Decision Aid for Type 2 Diabetes clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02110979

NCT02145481 Decisional Quality for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (DeQCAD) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02145481

NCT02198690 Trial of a Mammography Decision Aid for Women Aged 75 and Older clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02198690

NCT02235571 iChoose Decision Kidney Aid for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02235571

NCT02248974 Development & Testing of a Decision Aid for LVAD Placement (VADDA) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02248974

NCT02259699 Ovarian Cancer Patient-Centered Decision Aid (PCOA) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02259699

NCT02308592 Patient Decision Aid for Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02308592

NCT02319525, Individualized Patient Decision Making for Treatment Choices Among Minorities With Lupus, clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02319525

NCT02326597 Decision Aid for Therapeutic Options In Sickle Cell Disease clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02326597

NCT02344576 Trial of a Decision Support Intervention for Patients and Caregivers Offered Destination Therapy Heart Assist Device (DECIDE-LVAD) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02344576

NCT02488317 Empowering Patients On Choices for Renal Replacement Therapy (Aim 3) (EPOCH-RRT) (EPOCH-RRT) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02488317

NCT02488603 Decision Aids for Tamoxifen Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02488603

NCT02492009 Patient Decision Aid for Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02492009

NCT02503553 Decision Aids in Cerebral Aneurysm Treatment clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02503553

NCT02516449 Assessment of Shared Decision Making Aids in Asthma clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02516449

NCT02540044 Supporting Patient Care With Electronic Resource (SuPER) (SuPER) clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02540044

NCT02611050 Treatment Decisions for Multi-vessel CAD clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02611050

Oostendorp, 2011, Assessing the information desire of patients with advanced cancer by providing information with a decision aid, which is evaluated in a randomized trial: a study protocol, BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making, 11, 1

Yu, 2015, Impact of an interprofessional shared decision-making and goal-setting decision aid for patients with diabetes on decisional conflict: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials, 16, 286, 10.1186/s13063-015-0797-8

Andrews, 2013, GRADE guidelines 15: Going from evidence to recommendation - determinants of a recommendation's direction and strength, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 66, 726, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.003

Barry, 2008, Reactions of potential jurors to a hypothetical malpractice suit. Alleging failing to perform a prostate-specific-antigen test, Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Summer, 396, 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.00283.x

Bekker, 2003, Is anxiety a suitable measure of decision aid effectiveness: a systematic review, Patient Education and Counselling, 50, 255, 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00045-4

Bennett, 2010, Validation of a preparation for decision making scale, Patient Education and Counseling, 78, 130, 10.1016/j.pec.2009.05.012

Brehaut, 2003, Validation of a decision regret scale, Medical Decision Making, 23, 281, 10.1177/0272989X03256005

Brouwers, 2010, Knowledge creation: synthesis, tools and products, CMAJ, 182, E68, 10.1503/cmaj.081230

Brown, 2015, Patients or volunteers? The impact of motivation for trial participation on the efficacy of patient decision aids: a secondary analysis of a Cochrane Systematic Review, Medical Decision Making, 35, 419, 10.1177/0272989X15579172

Charles, 1997, Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean?, Social Science and Medicine, 44, 681, 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00221-3

Charles, 2010, Implementing shared treatment decision making and treatment decision aids: a cautionary tale, Psicooncologia, 7, 243

Clinical Evidence How much do we know? Available from: clinicalevidence.bmj.com/x/set/static/cms/efficacy-categorisations.html

Coyne, 2013, Interventions for promoting participation in shared decision-making for children with cancer, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD008970.pub2

Degner, 1992, Decision making during serious illness: what role do patients really want to play, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 45, 941, 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90110-9

Duncan, 2010, Shared decision making interventions for people with mental health conditions, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD007297.pub2

Durand, 2008, Where is the theory? Evaluating the theoretical frameworks described in decision support technologies, Patient Education and Counseling, 71, 125, 10.1016/j.pec.2007.12.004

Durand, 2014, Do interventions designed to support shared decision-making reduce health inequalities? A systematic review and meta-analysis, PLOS One, 9, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0094670

Elwyn, 2005, The OPTION scale: measuring the extent that clinicians involve patients in decision-making tasks, Health Expectations, 8, 34, 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2004.00311.x

Elwyn, 2006, Developing a quality criteria framework for patient decision aids: online international Delphi consensus process, BMJ, 333, 417, 10.1136/bmj.38926.629329.AE

Elwyn, 2013, "Many miles to go...": A systematic review of the implementation of patient decision support interventions into routine clinical practice, BMC: Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13, S14

Gentles, 2013, Factors explaining the heterogeneity of effects of patient decision aids on knowledge of outcome probabilities: a systematic review sub-analysis, Systematic Reviews, 2, 95, 10.1186/2046-4053-2-95

GRADE Working Group, McMaster University GRADEpro GDT 2014

Gravel, 2006, Barriers and facilitators to implementing shared decision-making in clinical practice: a systematic review of health professionals' perceptions, Implementation Science, 1, 16, 10.1186/1748-5908-1-16

Hays, 1993, The RAND 36-item Health Survey 1.0, Health Economics, 2, 217, 10.1002/hec.4730020305

HIbbard, 1997, Informing consumer decisions in health care: Implications from decision-making research, Milbank Quarterly, 75, 395, 10.1111/1468-0009.00061

Hibbard, 2013, What the evidence shows about patient activation: better health outcomes and care experiences; fewer data on costs, Health Affairs, 32, 207, 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1061

Higgins JPT Green S (editors) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org

Hoffmann, 2015, Patients' expectations of the benefits and harms of treatments, screening, and tests: a systematic review, Journal of the American Medical Association, 175, 274

Hollinghurst, 2010, Economic evaluation of the DIAMOND randomized trial: cost and outcomes of 2 decision aids for mode of delivery among women with previous caesarian section, BMJ, 30, 453

International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration Background Document. 2005 ipdas.ohri.ca/IPDAS_Background.pdf

International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration IPDAS Voting Document - 2nd Round. 2005 ipdas.ohri.ca/IPDAS_Second_Round.pdf

Volk, 2013, Ten years of the International Patient Decision Aid Standards collaboration: evolution of the core dimensions for assessing the quality of patient decision aids, BMC: Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13, S1

Joseph-Williams, 2014, Toward minimum standards for certifying patient decision aids: a modified Delphi consensus process, Medical Decision Making, 34, 699, 10.1177/0272989X13501721

Kiesler, 2006, Optimal matches of patient preferences for information, decision-making and interpersonal behavior: evidence, models and interventions, Patient Education and Counseling, 61, 319, 10.1016/j.pec.2005.08.002

LeBlanc, 2010, Decisional conflict in patients and their physicians: a dyadic approach to shared decision making, Medical Decision Making, 29, 61, 10.1177/0272989X08327067

Legare, 2008, Barriers and facilitators to implementing shared decision-making in clinical practice: update of a systematic review of health professionals' perceptions, Patient Education and Counseling, 73, 526, 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.018

Legare, 2010, Interventions for improving the adoption of shared decision making by healthcare professionals, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD006732.pub2

Legare, 2014, Interventions for improving the adoption of shared decision making by healthcare professionals, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD006732.pub3

Makoul, 2006, An integrative model of shared decision making in medical encounters, Patient Education and Counseling, 60, 301, 10.1016/j.pec.2005.06.010

Michie, 2002, The multi-dimensional measure of informed choice: a validation study, Patient Education and Counseling, 48, 87, 10.1016/S0738-3991(02)00089-7

Mulley, 1995, Outcomes research: implications for policy and practice, Outcomes in Clinical Practice

Munro, 2016, Choosing treatment and screening options congruent with values: do decision aids help? Sub-analysis of a systematic review, Patient Education & Counseling, 99, 491, 10.1016/j.pec.2015.10.026

National Clinical Guideline Centre Patient experience in adult NHS services: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS services. 2012 www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13668/58283/58283.pdf

O'Connor, 1995, Validation of a decisional conflict scale, Medical Decision Making, 15, 25, 10.1177/0272989X9501500105

O'Connor, 1998, A decision aid for women considering hormone therapy after menopause: decision support framework and evaluation, Patient Education and Counselling, 33, 267, 10.1016/S0738-3991(98)00026-3

O'Connor, 2007, Toward the 'tipping point': decision aids and informed patient choice, Health Affairs, 26, 716, 10.1377/hlthaff.26.3.716

The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2014

Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario Decision support for adults living with chronic kidney disease. 2009 rnao.ca/bpg/guidelines/decision-support-adults-living-chronic-kidney-disease

Rothert, 1987, Patient compliance and the decision making process of clinicians and patients, Journal of Compliance in Health Care, 2, 55

Schünemann HJ Oxman AD Higgins JPT Vist GE Glasziou P Guyatt GH Chapter 11: Presenting results and ‘Summary of findings' tables. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.handbook.cochrane.org

Sepucha, 2013, Establishing the effectiveness of patient decision aids: key constructs and measurement instruments, BMC: Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13, S12

Spielberger, 1970, Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Self-evaluations questionnaire)

Stewart, 1992, Measuring Functioning and Well-being: The Medical Outcomes Study Approach

Trenaman, 2014, The cost-effectiveness of patient decision aids: a systematic review, Healthcare, 2, 2510257, 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2014.09.002

Trenaman, 2016, A measurement framework for adherence in patient decision aid trials applied in a systematic review subanalysis, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 77, 15, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.032

Trikalinos, 2014, Decision Aids for Cancer Screening and Treatment

Washington State Health Authority Patient decision aid certification criteria. 2016 www.hca.wa.gov/hw/Documents/sdm_cert_criteria.pdf

Weston, 2001, Informed and shared decision-making: the crux of patient-centered care, CMAJ, 165, 438

O'Connor, 1999, Decision aids for patients facing health treatment or screening decisions: systematic review, BMJ, 319, 731, 10.1136/bmj.319.7212.731

O'Connor, 2001, Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD001431

O'Connor, 2003, Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD001431

O'Connor, 2009, Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD001431.pub2

Stacey, 2011, Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD001431.pub3

Stacey, 2014, Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD001431.pub4