Dazed and Confused: Sports Medicine, Conflicts of Interest, and Concussion Management

Journal of Bioethical Inquiry - Tập 11 Số 1 - Trang 65-74 - 2014
Brad Partridge1
1The University of Queensland

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Australian Football League (AFL). 2011. The management of concussion in Australian football. Melbourne: AFL Research Board and AFL Medical Officers’ Association. http://www.aflcommunityclub.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/Manage_Your_Club/3._Club_Management_Program/9._Football_Operations/Trainers/Injury_Management/Management_of_Concussion/Concussion_Man_v7.pdf .

Australian Football League (AFL). 2013 The management of concussion in Australian football: With specific provision for children 5–17 years. Melbourne: AFL Research Board and AFL Medical Officers’ Association. http://www.aflcommunityclub.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/Coach_AFL/Injury_Management/1211_AFL_Concussion_Management_2013_LowRes_1_.pdf .

Anderson, L.C., and D.F. Gerrard. 2005. Ethical issues concerning New Zealand sports doctors. Journal of Medical Ethics 31(2): 88–92. doi:10.1136/jme.2002.000836.

Anderson, L., and S. Jackson. 2013. Competing loyalties in sports medicine: Threats to medical professionalism in elite, commercial sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 48(2): 238–256. doi:10.1177/1012690211435031.

Aubry, M., R. Cantu, J. Dvorak, et al. 2002. Summary and agreement statement of the First International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Vienna 2001: Recommendations for the improvement of safety and health of athletes who may suffer concussive injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine 36(1): 6–10. doi:10.1136/bjsm.36.1.6.

Badel, P. 2012. Concussed players must now be kept from field. The Daily Telegraph, February 8. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/nrl/concussed-players-must-now-be-kept-from-field/story-e6frexnr-1226266185805 .

Choudhry, N.K., H. Stelfox, and A.S. Detsky. 2002. Relationships between authors of clinical practice guidelines and the pharmaceutical industry. The Journal of the American Medical Association 287(5): 612–617. doi:10.1001/jama.287.5.612.

Davis, M. 1982. Conflict of interest. Business & Professional Ethics Journal 1(4): 17–27.

Davis, M., and A. Stark, eds. 2001. Conflict of interest in the professions. New York: Oxford University Press.

Devitt, B.M., and C. McCarthy. 2010. “I am in blood Stepp’d in so far…”: Ethical dilemmas and the sports team doctor. British Journal of Sports Medicine 44(3): 175–178. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.068056.

Dillon, R. 2011. Head count. Newcastle Herald, March 29, Sport section, 56. http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&sy=nstore&kw=newcastle+and+knights+and+concussion&pb=nch&dt=selectRange&dr=2years&so=relevance&sf=text&sf=headline&rc=200&rm=200&sp=nrm&clsPage=1&docID=NCH110329OU4P57I6K27 .

Dunn, W.R., M.S. George, L. Churchill, and K.P. Spindler. 2007. Ethics in sports medicine. American Journal of Sports Medicine 35(5): 840–844. doi: 10.1177/0363546506295177 . Dunn, W.R., M.S. George, L. Churchill, and K.P. Spindler. 2007. Ethics in sports medicine. American Journal of Sports Medicine 35(5): 840–844. doi:10.1177/0363546506295177.

Finch, C.F., P. McCrory, M.T. Ewing, and S.J. Sullivan. 2013. Concussion guidelines need to move from only expert content to also include implementation and dissemination strategies. British Journal of Sports Medicine 47(1): 12–14. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091796.

Gardner A. (2013) The complex clinical issues involved in an athlete's decision to retire from collision sport due to multiple concussions: A case study of a professional athlete. Frontiers in Neurology 4. September 1–6. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00141 .

Gilbert, F., and B.J. Partridge. 2012. The need to tackle concussion in Australian football codes. Medical Journal of Australia 196(9): 561–563.

Kaye, A.H., and P. McCrory. 2012. Does football cause brain damage? Medical Journal of Australia 196(9): 547–549.

Lane, S. 2011. Football’s medical fraternity split on stricter concussion guidelines. Sydney Morning Herald, March 23. http://www.smh.com.au/afl/afl-news/footballs-medical-fraternity-split-on-stricter-concussion-guidelines-20110322-1c57y.html .

McCrory, P., K. Johnston, W. Meeuwisse, et al. 2005. Summary and agreement statement of the 2nd International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Prague 2004. British Journal of Sports Medicine 39(4): 196–204. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.018614.

McCrory, P., W. Meeuwisse, K. Johnston, et al. 2009. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008. British Journal of Sports Medicine 43(Suppl 1): i76–i84. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.058248.

McCrory, P., W.H. Meeuwisse, M. Aubry, et al. 2013. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012. British Journal of Sports Medicine 47(5): 250–258. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092313.

McDermott, Q., and C. Hichens. 2012. Hard knocks. ABC, May 14. http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2012/05/10/3499950.htm .

McKee, A.C., R.C. Cantu, C.J. Nowinski, et al. 2009. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 68(7): 709–735. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503.

McKee, A.C., T.D. Stein, C.J. Nowinski, et al. 2012. The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Brain. doi:10.1093/brain/aws307.

Mellifont, D., J. Peetz, and M. Sayers. 2012. Concussion-driven dilemmas in sports medicine. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 9(3): 369–370. doi:10.1007/s11673-012-9386-7.

Murray, T.H. 1986. Divided loyalties for physicians: Social context and moral problems. Social Science & Medicine 23(8): 827–832. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(86)90281-9 .

National Rugby League (NRL). 2012. The management of concussion in rugby league. http://www.nrl.com/About/ReferenceCentre/ManagementofConcussioninRugbyLeague/tabid/10798/Default.aspx .

Omalu, B.I., R.L. Hamilton, M. Kamboh, S.T. DeKosky, and J. Bailes. 2010. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in a National Football League Player: Case report and emerging medicolegal practice questions. Journal of Forensic Nursing 6(1): 40–46. doi:10.1111/j.1939-3938.2009.01064.x.

Orchard, J. 2012. Concussion: How do we reconcile risk-averse policies with risk-taking sports? BJSM Blog, March 15. http://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2012/03/15/concussion-how-do-we-reconcile-risk-averse-policies-with-risk-taking-sports/ .

Partridge, B. 2011. Hit and miss: Ethical issues in the implementation of a “concussion rule” in Australian football. AJOB Neuroscience 2(4): 62–63. doi:10.1080/21507740.2011.620066.

Polsky, S. 1998. Winning medicine: Professional sports team doctors’ conflicts of interest. Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy 14(2): 503–529.

Price, J., P. Malliaras, and Z. Hudson. 2012. Current practices in determining return to play following head injury in professional football in the UK. British Journal of Sports Medicine 46(14): 1000–1003. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090687.

Prichard, G. 2012. League and American football not concussion cousins, says medic. Sydney Morning Herald, May 17. http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-league/league-news/league-and-american-football-not-concussion-cousins-says-medic-20120516-1yrbp.html .

Thompson, M. 2013. Don’t exploit new concussion process: Demetriou. AFL Media, March 23. http://www.afl.com.au/news/2013-03-23/dont-exploit-new-rule .

Webster, A. 2012. Origin a test of new concussion laws. The Courier-Mail, May 18. http://www.couriermail.com.au/sport/nrl/origin-a-test-of-new-concussion-laws/story-e6frepbx-1226359326727 .