Dark Energy from structure: a status report

Alam, U., Sahni, V., Saini, T.D., Starobinskii, A.A.: Exploring the expanding Universe and Dark Energy using the statefinder diagnostic. Mon. Not. Roy. Astro. Soc. 344, 1057 (2003)

Alnes, H., Amarzguioui, M.: Supernova Hubble diagram for off-center observers in a spherically symmetric inhomogeneous universe. Phys. Rev. D 75, 023506 (2007)

Alnes, H., Amarzguioui, M., Grøn, Ø.: An inhomogeneous alternative to Dark Energy?. Phys. Rev. D 73, 083519 (2006)

Alnes, H., Amarzguioui, M., Grøn, Ø.: Can a dust dominated Universe have accelerated expansion?. JCAP 0701, 007 (2007)

Anderson, M.T.: Scalar curvature and geometrization conjectures for 3-manifolds. Comparison Geometry (Berkeley, 1993–94), pp. 49–82, Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ., vol. 30, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)

Arbey, A.: Dark fluid: A complex scalar field to unify Dark Energy and Dark Matter. Phys. Rev. D. 74, 043516 (2006)

Arnowitt, R., Deser, S., Misner, C.W.: The dynamics of general relativity. In: Witten, L.(eds) Gravitation, pp. 227–265. Wiley, New York (1962)

Astier, P. et al.: The Supernova Legacy Survey: measurement of Ω m , ΩΛ and w from the first year data set. Astron. & Astrophys. 447, 31 (2006)

Aurich, R., Steiner, F.: The cosmic microwave background for a nearly flat compact hyperbolic universe. Mon. Not. Roy. Astro. Soc. 323, 1016 (2001)

Aurich, R., Steiner, F.: Dark Energy in a hyperbolic universe. Mon. Not. Roy. Astro. Soc. 334, 735 (2002)

Bahcall, N., Ostriker, J.P., Perlmutter, S., Steinhardt, P.J.: The Cosmic Triangle: revealing the state of the Universe. Science 284, 1481 (1999)

Barrow, J.D., Tsagas, C.G.: Averaging anisotropic cosmologies. Class. Quant. Grav. 24, 1023 (2007)

Biesiada, M.: Information-theoretic model selection applied to supernovae data. JCAP 0702, 003 (2007)

Bildhauer, S.: Remarks on possible backreactions of inhomogeneities on expanding universes. Prog. Theor. Phys. 84, 444 (1990)

Bildhauer, S., Buchert, T., Kasai, M.: Solutions in Newtonian cosmology—the pancake theory with cosmological constant. Astron. Astrophys. 263, 23 (1992)

Bildhauer, S., Futamase, T.: The Cosmic Microwave Background in a globally inhomogeneous universe. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 249, 126 (1991)

Biswas, T., Mansouri, R., Notari, A.: Nonlinear structure formation and “apparent” acceleration: an investigation. arXiv:astro-ph/0606703 (2006)

Blanchard, A.: Cosmological parameters: where are we?. Astrophys. Space Sci. 290, 135 (2004)

Blanchard, A., Douspis, M., Rowan-Robinson, M., Sarkar, S.: An alternative to the cosmological “concordance model”. Astron. Astrophys. 412, 35 (2003)

Blumenhagen, R., Kors, B., Lüst, D., Stieberger, S.: Four-dimensional string compactifications with D-branes, orientifolds and fluxes. Phys. Rep. 445, 1 (2007)

Boersma, J.P.: Averaging in cosmology. Phys. Rev. D 57, 798 (1998)

Bolejko, K.: Cosmological applications of the Szekeres model. In: Golovin, A., Ivashchenko, G., Simon, A. (eds.) 13th Young Scientists’ Conference on Astronomy and Space Physics. Kyiv University Press, arXiv:astro-ph/0607130 (2006)

Bonvin, C., Durrer, R., Gasparini, M.A.: Fluctuations of the luminosity distance. Phys. Rev. D 73, 023523 (2006)

Brandenberger, R.H., Prokopec, T., Mukhanov, V.F.: The entropy of the gravitational field. Phys. Rev. D 48, 2443 (1993)

Brouzakis, N., Tetradis, N., Tzavara, E.: The effect of large scale inhomogeneities on the luminosity distance. JCAP 0702, 013 (2007)

Bruni, M., Dunsby, P.K.S., Ellis, G.F.R.: Cosmological perturbations and the physical meaning of gauge-invariant variables. Astrophys. J. 395, 34 (1992)

Bruni, M., Ellis, G.F.R., Dunsby, P.K.S.: Gauge-invariant perturbations in a scalar field dominated Universe. Class. Quant. Grav. 9, 921 (1992)

Bruni, M., Matarrese, S., Pantano, O.: Dynamics of silent universes. Astrophys. J. 445, 958 (1995)

Buchert, T.: A class of solutions in Newtonian cosmology and the pancake theory. Astron. Astrophys. 223, 9 (1989)

Buchert, T.: Lagrangian theory of gravitational instability of Friedmann-Lemaî tre cosmologies and the ‘Zel’dovich approximation’. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 254, 729 (1992)

Buchert, T.: Averaging hypotheses in Newtonian Cosmology. In: Coles P., et al. (eds.) Mapping, Measuring and Modelling the Universe, Astron. Soc. of the Pacific 94. pp. 349–356; arXiv:astro-ph/9512107 (1996)

Buchert, T.: On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity: 1. dust cosmologies. Gen. Rel. Grav. 32, 105 (2000)

Buchert, T.: On average properties of inhomogeneous cosmologies. In: Eriguchi Y., et al. (eds.) 9th JGRG Meeting, Hiroshima 1999. pp. 306–321; arXiv:gr-qc/0001056 (2000)

Buchert, T.: On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity: 2. perfect fluid cosmologies. Gen. Rel. Grav. 33, 1381 (2001)

Buchert, T.: A cosmic equation of state for the inhomogeneous universe: can a global far-from-equilibrium state explain Dark Energy?. Class. Quant. Grav. 22, L113 (2005)

Buchert, T.: On globally static and stationary cosmologies with or without a cosmological constant and the Dark Energy problem. Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 817 (2006)

Buchert, T.: Backreaction issues in relativistic cosmology and the Dark Energy debate. In: Novello M., et al. (eds.) XII. Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation:Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2006. AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 910, pp. 361–380 (2007)

Buchert, T.: Cosmic Continua—a treatise on self-gravitating collisionless systems in cosmology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (in preparation) (2007)

Buchert, T., Carfora, M.: Regional averaging and scaling in relativistic cosmology. Class. Quant. Grav. 19, 6109 (2002)

Buchert, T., Carfora, M.: Cosmological parameters are ‘dressed’. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 031101–14 (2003)

Buchert, T., Carfora, M.: The cosmic quartet: cosmological parameters of a smoothed inhomogeneous spacetime. In: Shibata M., et al. (eds.) 12th JGRG Meeting, Tokyo 2002, pp. 157–161; arXiv:astro-ph/0312621 (2003)

Buchert, T., Carfora, M.: On the curvature of the present-day Universe. (in preparation) (2007)

Buchert, T., Domí nguez, A.: Adhesive gravitational clustering. Astron. Astrophys. 438, 443 (2005)

Buchert, T., Ehlers, J.: Averaging inhomogeneous Newtonian Cosmologies. Astron. Astrophys. 320, 1 (1997)

Buchert, T., Ellis, G.F.R., Maartens, R.: Effective brane world cosmologies and averaging scales. (in preparation) (2007)

Koyama, K.: arXiv:0706.1557 [astro-ph] (2007, this volume)

Buchert, T., Götz, G.: A class of solutions for self-gravitating dust in Newtonian gravity. J. Math. Phys. 28, 2714 (1987)

Buchert, T., Kerscher, M., Sicka, C.: Backreaction of inhomogeneities on the expansion: the evolution of cosmological parameters. Phys. Rev. D. 62, 043525 (2000)

Buchert, T., Larena, J., Alimi, J.-M.: Correspondence between kinematical backreaction and scalar field cosmologies—the ’morphon field’. Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 6379 (2006)

Buchert, T., Ostermann, M.: On relativistic generalizations of Zel’dovich’s approximation. (in preparation) (2007)

Buchert, T., Rakić, A., Schwarz, D.J.: On the averaging problem in geometric optics and its cosmological consequences. (in preparation) (2007)

Caldwell, R.R., Doran, M., Müller, C.M., Schäfer, G., Wetterich, C.: Early quintessence in light of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. Astrophys. J. 591, L75 (2003)

Caldwell, R.R., Linder, E.V.: Limits of quintessence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 141301 (2005)

Capozziello, S., Cardone, V.F., Troisi, A.: Reconciling Dark Energy models with f(R) theories. Phys. Rev. D. 71, 043503 (2005)

Capozziello, S., Francaviglia, M.: arXiv:0706.1146 [astro-ph] (2007, this volume)

Carfora, M., Buchert, T.: Ricci flow deformation of cosmological initial data sets. (2007, in preparation)

Carfora, M., Marzuoli, A.: Model geometries in the space of Riemannian structures and Hamilton’s flow. Class. Quant. Grav. 5, 659 (1988)

Carfora, M., Piotrkowska, K.: Renormalization group approach to relativistic cosmology. Phys. Rev. D 52, 4393 (1995)

Célérier, M.-N.: Do we really see a cosmological constant in the supernovae data?. Astron. Astrophys. 353, 63 (2000)

Célérier, M.-N.: The accelerated expansion of the Universe challenged by an effect of the inhomogeneities. A review. arXiv:astro-ph/0702416 (2007)

Chuang, C.-H., Gu, J.-A., Hwang, W.-Y.P.: Inhomogeneity-induced cosmic acceleration in a dust Universe. arXiv:astro-ph/0512651 (2005)

Clarkson, C., Cortes, M., Bassett, B.A.: Dynamical Dark Energy or simply cosmic curvature?. JCAP 0708, 011 (2007)

Colberg, J.M., Sheth, R.K., Diaferio, A., Gao, L., Yoshida, N.: Voids in a ΛCDM universe. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 360, 216 (2005)

Coley, A.A., Pelavas, N., Zalaletdinov, R.M.: Cosmological solutions in Macroscopic Gravity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 151102 (2005)

Coley, A.A., Pelavas, N.: Averaging in spherically symmetric cosmology. Phys. Rev. D 75, 043506 (2007)

Conley, A.J. et al.: Measurement of Ω m , ΩΛ from a blind analysis of Type Ia supernovae with CMAGIC: using color information to verify the acceleration of the Universe. Astrophys. J. 644, 1 (2006)

Copeland, E.J., Sami, M., Tsujikawa, S.: Dynamics of Dark Energy. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15, 1753 (2006)

Cornish, N.J., Spergel, D.N., Starkman, G.D., Komatsu, E.: Constraining the topology of the Universe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 201302 (2004)

Das, S., Banarjee, N., Dadhich, N.: Curvature-driven acceleration: a utopia or a reality?. Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 4159 (2006)

Dunsby, P.K.S., Bruni, M., Ellis, G.F.R.: Covariant perturbations in a multifluid cosmological medium. Astrophys. J. 395, 54 (1992)

Ehlers, J., Buchert, T.: Newtonian cosmology in Lagrangian formulation: foundations and perturbation theory. Gen. Rel. Grav. 29, 733 (1997)

Ellis, G.F.R.: Relativistic cosmology—its nature, aims and problems. In: Bertotti, B., de Felice, F., Pascolini, A.(eds) General Relativity and Gravitation, pp. 215–288. D. Reidel Publishing, Dordrecht (1984)

Ellis, G.F.R., Börner, G., Buchert, T., Ehlers, J., Hogan, C.J., Kirshner, R.P., Press, W.H., Raffelt, R., Thielemann, F.-K., Vanden Bergh, S.: What do we know about global properties of the Universe?. In: Börner, G., Gottlöber, S.(eds) Dahlem Workshop Report ES19 The Evolution of the Universe:Berlin 1995., pp. 51–78. Wiley, Chichester (1997)

Ellis, G.F.R., Buchert, T.: The Universe seen at different scales. Phys. Lett. A (Einstein Special Issue) 347, 38 (2005)

Ellis, G.F.R., van Elst, H.: Cosmological Models (Cargèse Lectures 1998). In: Lachièze-Rey, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Theoretical and Observational Cosmology, Cargèse, France, August 17–29, 1998. Kluwer, Boston, NATO Sci. Ser. C 541, 1–116 (1999)

Ellis, G.F.R., Maartens, R.: The emergent universe: inflationary cosmology with no singularity. Class. Quant. Grav. 21, 223 (2004)

Ellis, G.F.R., Murugan, J., Tsagas, C.G.: The emergent universe: an explicit construction. Class. Quant. Grav. 21, 233 (2004)

Ellis, G.F.R., Stoeger, W.: The ‘fitting problem’ in cosmology. Class. Quant. Grav. 4, 1697 (1987)

van Elst, H., Uggla, C., Lesame, W.M., Ellis, G.F.R., Maartens, R.: Integrability of irrotational silent cosmological models. Class. Quant. Grav. 14, 1151 (1997)

Enqvist, K., Mattsson, T.: The effect of inhomogeneous expansion on the supernova observations. JCAP 0702, 019 (2007)

Evans, A.K.D., Wehus, I.K., Grøn, Ø., Elganøy, Ø.: Geometrical constraints on Dark Energy. Astron. Astrophys. 430, 399 (2005)

Felder, G.N., Kofman, L.: Nonlinear inflaton fragmentation after preheating. Phys. Rev. D 75, 043518 (2007)

França, U.: Dark Energy, curvature, and cosmic coincidence. Phys. Lett. B 641, 351 (2006)

Friedmann, A.: On the curvature of space. Gen. Rel. Grav. 31, 1991 (1999); translated by G.F.R. Ellis and H. van Elst from: Über die Krümmung des Raumes. Zeitschrift für Physik 10, 377 (1922)

Friedmann, A.: On the possibility of a world with constant negative curvature of space. Gen. Rel. Grav. 31, 2001 (1999)

Friedmann, A.: Addendum Gen. Rel. Grav. 32, 1937 (2000); translated by G.F.R. Ellis and H. van Elst from: Über die Möglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krümmung des Raumes. Zeitschrift für Physik 21, 326 (1924)

Füzfa, A., Alimi, J.-M.: Toward a unified description of Dark Energy and Dark Matter from the AWE hypothesis. Phys. Rev. D 75, 123007 (2007)

Futamase, T.: An approximation scheme for constructing inhomogeneous universes in general relativity. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 237, 187 (1989)

Futamase, T.: Averaging of a locally inhomogeneous realistic universe. Phys. Rev. D 53, 681 (1996)

Garfinkle, D.: Inhomogeneous spacetimes as a Dark Energy model. Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 4811 (2006)

Giovanelli, R., Dale, D.A., Haynes, M.P., Hardy, E., Campusano, L.E.: No Hubble Bubble in the local Universe. Ap. J. 525, 25 (1999)

Gorini, V., Kamenshchik, A., Moschella, U.: Can the Chaplygin gas be a plausible model for Dark Energy?. Phys. Rev. D 67, 063509 (2003)

Górski, K.M.: On the pattern of perturbations of the Hubble flow. Astrophys. J. 332, L7 (1988)

Hamilton, R.S.: Three-manifolds with positive Ricci curvature. J. Diff. Geom. 17, 255 (1982)

Hamilton, R.S.: The formation of singularities in the Ricci flow. In: Surveys in Differential Geometry vol. 2, International Press, pp. 7–136 (1995)

Hellaby, C.: Volume matching in Tolman models. Gen. Rel. Grav. 20, 1203 (1988)

Hellaby, C.: The mass of the cosmos. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 370, 239 (2006)

Hikage, C., Schmalzing, J., Buchert, T., Suto, Y., Kayo, I., Taruya, A., Vogeley, M.S., Hoyle, F., Gott III, J.R., Brinkmann, J.: Minkowski Functionals of SDSS galaxies I: analysis of excursion sets. PASJ 55, 911 (2003)

Hosoya, A., Buchert, T., Morita, M.: Information entropy in cosmology. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 141302 (2004)

Hui, L., Bertschinger, E.: Local approximations to the gravitational collapse of cold matter. Astrophys. J. 471, 1 (1996)

Ichikawa, K., Kawasaki, M., Sekiguchi, T., Takahashi, T.: Implications of Dark Energy parametrizations for the determination of the curvature of the universe. JCAP 0612, 005 (2006)

Ishibashi, A., Wald, R.M.: Can the acceleration of our Universe be explained by the effects of inhomogeneities?. Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 235 (2006)

Israel, W.: Non-stationary irreversible thermodynamics: a causal relativistic theory. Ann. Phys. 100, 310 (1976)

Joyce, M., Labini, F.S., Gabrielli, A., Montuori, M., Pietronero, L.: Basic properties of galaxy clustering in the light of recent results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Astron. Astrophys. 443, 11 (2005)

Kantowski, R.: Lamé equation for the distance redshift in a partially filled beam Friedmann–Lemaî tre–Robertson–Walker cosmology. Phys. Rev. D 68, 123516 (2003)

Kantowski, R., Thomas, R.C.: Distance-redshift in inhomogeneous Ω0  = 1 Friedmann-Lemaî tre–Robertson–Walker cosmology. Ap. J. 561, 591 (2001)

Kantowski, R., Kao, J.K., Thomas, R.C.: Distance-redshift relations in inhomogeneous Friedmann–Lemaî tre–Robertson–Walker cosmology. Ap. J. 545, 549 (2000)

Kasai, M.: Inhomogeneous cosmological models which are homogeneous and isotropic on average. Phys. Rev. D 47, 3214 (1993)

Kasai, M.: Tetrad-based perturbative approach to inhomogeneous universes: a general relativistic version of the Zel’dovich approximation. Phys. Rev. D 52, 5605 (1995)

Kasai, M.: Apparent acceleration through the large-scale inhomogeneities—post-Friedmannian effects of inhomogeneities on the luminosity distance. Prog. Theor. Phys. 117, 1067 (2007)

Kerscher,M.: Statistical analysis of large-scale structure in theUniverse. In:Mecke, K.R., Stoyan ,D. (eds.) Statistical Physics and Spatial Statistics: Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 554., p. 37, Springer, Berlin (2000)

Kerscher, M., Buchert, T., Futamase, T.: On the abundance of collapsed objects. Ap. J. 558, L79 (2001)

Kerscher, M., Schmalzing, J., Buchert, T., Wagner, H.: Fluctuations in the IRAS 1.2 Jy catalogue. Astron. Astrophys. 333, 1 (1998)

Kerscher, M., Mecke, K.R., Schmalzing, J., Beisbart, C., Buchert, T., Wagner, H.: Morphological fluctuations of large-scale structure: the PSCz survey. Astron. Astrophys. 373, 1 (2001)

Kerscher, M., Schmalzing, J., Retzlaff, J., Borgani, S., Buchert, T., Gottlöber, S., Müller, V., Plionis, M., Wagner, H.: Minkowski Functionals of Abell/ACO clusters. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 284, 73 (1997)

Kodama, H., Sasaki, M.: Cosmological perturbation theory. Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 78, 1 (1984)

Kolb, E.W., Matarrese, S., Notari, A., Riotto, A.: Effect of inhomogeneities on the expansion rate of the Universe. Phys. Rev. D 71, 023524 (2005)

Kolb, E.W., Matarrese, S., Riotto, A.: Comments on backreaction and cosmic acceleration. arXiv:astro-ph/0511073 (2005)

Kolb, E.W., Matarrese, S., Riotto, A.: On cosmic acceleration without Dark Energy. New J. Phys. 8, 322 (2006)

Krasiński, A.: Inhomogeneous cosmological models. Cambridge Univ. Press, (1997)

Lahav, O.: Observational tests of FLRW world models. Class. Quant. Grav. 19, 3517 (2002)

Larena, J., Alimi, J.-M., Buchert, T., Kunz, M.: Explaining SN1a observations by relativistic kinematical backreaction. (in preparation) (2007)

Larena, J., Buchert, T., Alimi, J.-M.: Morphed Inflation. (in preparation) (2007)

Lehoucq, R., Uzan, J.-P., Luminet, J.-P.: Limits of crystallographic methods for detecting space topology. Astron. Astrophys. 363, 1 (2000)

Leith, B.M., Ng, S.C.C., Wiltshire, D.L.: Gravitational energy as dark energy: concordance of cosmological tests. Phys. Rev. D 76, 083011 (2007)

Li, N., Schwarz, D.J.: On the onset of cosmological backreaction. arXiv:gr-qc/0702043 (2007)

Liddle, A.R., Scherrer, R.J.: Classification of scalar field potentials with cosmological scaling solutions. Phys. Rev. D 59, 023509 (1999)

Linde, A.D., Linde, D.A., Mezhlumian, A.: Non-perturbative amplification of inhomogeneities in a self-reproducing Universe. Phys. Rev. D 54, 2504 (1996)

Lu, T.H.C., Hellaby, C.: Obtaining the spacetime metric from cosmological observations. Class. Quant. Grav. 24, 4107 (2007)

Maartens, R.: Brane World Gravity. Living Rev. Rel. 7, 7 (2004)

Maartens, R., Ellis, G.F.R., Stoeger, W.R.: Improved limits on anisotropy and inhomogeneity from the cosmic background radiation. Phys. Rev. D. 51, 1525 and 5942 (1995)

Maartens, R., Ellis, G.F.R., Stoeger, W.R.: Anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the Universe from ΔT / T. Astron. Astrophys. 309, L7 (1996)

Marra, V., Kolb, E.W., Matarrese, S., Riotto, A.: On cosmological observables in a swiss-cheese universe. arXiv:astro-ph/0708.3622 (2007)

Martineau, P., Brandenberger, R.H.: Effects of gravitational backreaction on cosmological perturbations. Phys. Rev. D 72, 023507 (2005)

Matarrese, S., Terranova, D.: Post-Newtonian cosmological dynamics in Lagrangian coordinates. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 283, 400 (1996)

Mattsson, T., Ronkainen, M.: Exploiting scale dependence in cosmological averaging. arXiv:astro-ph/0708.3673 (2007)

Mecke, K.R., Buchert, T., Wagner, H.: Robust morphological measures for large-scale structure in the Universe. Astron. Astrophys. 288, 697 (1994)

Mena, F.C., Tod, P.: Lanczos potentials and a definition of gravitational entropy for perturbed FLRW space-times. arXiv:gr-qc/0702057 (2007)

Mersini-Houghton, L., Wang, Y., Mukherjee, P., Kafexhiu, E.: Nontrivial geometries: bounds on the curvature of the Universe. arXiv:0705.0332 [astro-ph] (2007)

Mota, B., Gomero, G.I., Rebouças, M.J., Tavakol, R.: What do very nearly flat detectable cosmic topologies look like?. Class. Quant. Grav. 21, 3361 (2004)

Mukhanov, V.F.: Physical foundations of cosmology. Cambridge University Press, (2005)

Mukhanov, V.F., Abramo, L.R.W., Brandenberger, R.H.: Backreaction problem for cosmological perturbations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78(78), 1624 (1997)

Mukhanov, V.F., Feldman, H.A., Brandenberger, R.H.: Theory of cosmological perturbations. Phys. Rep. 215, 203 (1992)

Mustapha, N., Hellaby, C., Ellis, G.F.R.: Large-scale inhomogeneity versus source evolution—can we distinguish them observationally?. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 292, 817 (1997)

Nambu, Y., Tanimoto, M.: Accelerating Universe via spatial averaging. arXiv:gr-qc/0507057 (2005)

Padmanabhan, T.: Dark Energy: the cosmological challenge of the millennium. Curr. Sci. 88, 1057 (2005)

Padmanabhan, T.: this volume, arXiv:0705.2533 [gr-qc] (2007)

Padmanabhan, T., Roy Choudhury, T.: Can the clustered Dark Matter and the smooth Dark Energy arise from the same scalar field?. Phys. Rev. D. 66(1), 081301 (2002)

Palle, D.: On the large-scale inhomogeneous Universe and the cosmological constant. Nuovo Cim. 117, 687 (2002)

Paranjape, A.: A covariant road to spatial averaging in cosmology: scalar corrections to the cosmological equations. arXiv:0705:2380 [gr-qc] (2007)

Paranjape, A., Singh, T.P.: The possibility of cosmic acceleration via spatial averaging in Lemaî tre Tolman Bondi models. Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 6955 (2006)

Paranjape, A., Singh, T.P.: Explicit cosmological coarse graining via spatial averaging. Gen. Rel. Grav. arXiv:astro-ph/0609481 (2006, in press)

Paranjape, A., Singh, T.P.: The spatial averaging limit of covariant Macroscopic Gravity—scalar corrections to the cosmological equations. Phys. Rev. D 76, 044006 (2007)

Parry, M.: A rule of thumb for cosmological backreaction. JCAP 0606, 016 (2006)

Peebles, P.J.E., Ratra, B.: The cosmological constant and Dark Energy. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 559 (2003)

Penrose, R.: The Emperor’s new Mind: concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics. Oxford Univ. Press, (1989)

Penrose, R.: The Road to Reality: a complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe. Jonathan Cape, London (2004)

Perelman, G.: The entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications. arXiv:math/ 0211159 (2002)

Perelman, G.: Ricci flow with surgery on three-manifolds. arXiv:math/0303109 (2003)

Petersen, P.: Riemannian Geometry. Springer Verlag GTM 171 (1997)

Prigogine, I.: Non Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. Interscience Pub., New York (1962)

Räsänen, S.: Dark Energy from backreaction. JCAP 0402, 003 (2004)

Räsänen, S.: Backreaction in the Lemaî tre Tolman Bondi model. JCAP 0411, 010 (2004)

Räsänen, S.: Constraints on backreaction in dust universes. Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 1823 (2006)

Räsänen, S.: Accelerated expansion from structure formation. JCAP 0611, 003 (2006)

Räsänen, S.: Comment on ‘Nontrivial geometries: bounds on the curvature of the Universe’. arXiv:0705.2992 [astro-ph] (2007)

Raychaudhuri, A.: Relativistic cosmology. Phys. Rev. 98, 1123 (1955)

Raychaudhuri, A.: Gen. Rel. Grav. 32, 749 (2000)

Regös, E., Szalay, A.S.: Multipole expansion of the large-scale velocity field—using the tensor window function. Astrophys. J. 345, 627 (1989)

Reiris, M.: Large scale (CMC) evolution of cosmological solutions of the Einstein equations with a priori bounded space–time curvature. arXiv: gr-qc/0705.3070 (2007)

Reiris, M.: Large scale properties of perturbed K =  − 1 Robertson–Walker cosmologies. arXiv: gr-qc/0709.0770 (2007)

Ruiz-Lapuente, P.: Dark Energy, gravitation and supernovae. Class. Quant. Grav. 24, R91 (2007)

Russ, H., Soffel, M.H., Kasai, M., Börner, G.: Age of the universe: influence of the inhomogeneities on the global expansion factor. Phys. Rev. D 56, 2044 (1997)

Sahni, V., Saini, T.D., Starobinskii, A.A., Alam, U.: Statefinder—a new geometrical diagnostic of Dark Energy. JETP Lett. 77, 201 (2003)

Sahni, V., Sathyaprakash, B.S., Shandarin, S.F.: Shapefinders: a new shape diagnostic for large-scale structure. Astrophys. J. 495, L5 (1998)

Sahni, V., Starobinskii, A.A.: The case for a positive cosmological Λ-term. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 9, 373 (2000)

Schimd, C., Tereno, I.: Scalar-field quintessence by cosmic shear: CFHT data analysis and forecasts for DUNE. J. Phys. A 40, 7105 (2007)

Schmalzing, J., Buchert, T.: Beyond Genus Statistics: a unifying approach to the morphology of cosmic structure. Astrophys. J. 482, L1 (1997)

Schmalzing, J., Gorski, K.M.: Minkowski Functionals used in the morphological analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy maps. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 297, 355 (1998)

Schmalzing, J., Buchert, T., Melott, A.L., Sahni, V., Sathyaprakash, B.S., Shandarin, S.F.: Disentangling the Cosmic Web. I. morphology of isodensity contours. Astrophys. J. 526, 568 (1999)

Schwarz, D.J.: Accelerated expansion without Dark Energy. In: Brax, P., Martin, J., Uzan, J.-P. (eds.) On the Nature of Dark Energy: 18th IAP Astrophys. Colloq., pp. 331–334, Frontier Paris 2002; arXiv:astro-ph/0209584 (2002)

Shirokov, M.F., Fisher, I.Z.: Isotropic space with discrete gravitational-field sources. On the theory of a nonhomogeneous isotropic Universe. Sov. Astron. 6, 699 (1963)

Smarr, L., York, J.W. Jr.: Kinematical conditions in the construction of spacetime. Phys. Rev. D 17, 2529 (1978)

Sopuerta, C.F.: New study of silent universes. Phys. Rev. D 55, 5936 (1997)

Spergel, D.N. et al.: Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results: implications for cosmology. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 170, 377 (2007)

Stewart, J.M., Walker, M.: Perturbations of space-times in general relativity. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 341, 49 (1974)

Stewart, J.M.: Perturbations of Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmological models. Class. Quant. Grav. 7, 1169 (1990)

Sugiura, N., Nakao, K., Ida, D., Sakai, N., Ishihara, H.: How do nonlinear voids affect light propagation?. Prog. Theor. Phys. 103, 73 (2000)

Tanimoto, M.: Criticality and averaging in cosmology. Prog. Theor. Phys. 102, 1001 (1999)

Tomita, K.: Bulk flows and Cosmic Microwave Background dipole anisotropy in cosmological void models. Astrophys. J. 529, 26 (2000)

Tomita, K.: Distances and lensing in cosmological void models. Astrophys. J. 529, 38 (2000)

Tomita, K.: A local void and the accelerating Universe. Mon. Not. Roy. Astro. Soc. 326, 287 (2001)

Uggla, C., van Elst, H., Wainwright, J., Ellis, G.F.R.: Past attractor in inhomogeneous cosmology. Phys. Rev. D 68, 103502 (2003)

Uzan, J.-P.: The acceleration of the Universe and the physics behind it. Gen. Rel. Grav. 39, 307 (2007)

Uzan, J.-P., Lehoucq, R., Luminet, J.-P.: A new crystallographic method for detecting space topology. Astron. Astrophys. 351, 766 (1999)

Vanden Bergh, N., Wylleman, L.: Silent universes with a cosmological constant. Class. Quant. Grav. 21, 2291 (2004)

Vanderveld, R.A., Flanagan, E.E., Wasserman, I.: Systematic corrections to the measured cosmological constant as a result of local inhomogeneity. Phys. Rev. D 76, 083504 (2007)

Wainwright, J., Ellis, G.F.R.: Dynamical Systems in Cosmology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)

Wiltshire, D.L.: Cosmic clocks, cosmic variance and cosmic averages. New J. Phys. 9, 377 (2007)

Wiltshire, D.L.: Exact solution to the averaging problem in cosmology. arXiv:gr-qc/0709.0732 (2007)

Zalaletdinov, R.M.: Averaging problem in general relativity, macroscopic gravity and using Einstein’s equations in cosmology. Bull. Astron. Soc. India 25, 401 (1997)

Zehavi, I., Riess, A.G., Kirshner, R.P., Dekel, A.: A local Hubble Bubble from Type Ia supernovae?. Astrophys. J. 503, 483 (1998)

Zel’dovich, Ya.B.: Fragmentation of a homogeneous medium under the action of gravitation. Astrophysics 6, 164 (1970)

Zel’dovich, Ya.B.: Gravitational instability: an approximate theory for large density perturbations. Astron. Astrophys. 5, 84 (1970)

Zimdahl, W., Schwarz, D.J., Balakin, A.B., Pavón, D.: Cosmic antifriction and accelerated expansion. Phys. Rev. D 64, 063501 (2001)