Damage assessment through petrographic and microscopic studies of stone monuments
Tóm tắt
The kopeshwer Temple at Khidrapur and Panhala Fort are Archaeological Survey of India listed monuments in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Kopeshwer Temple was built in 7th century in black basalt stone and Panhala Fort was built in basalt and laterite in 11th century. Since last several years both the monuments are showing signs of deterioration. Formation of black crusts, cracks, fissures, loss of stone material are found in the monuments which plays crucial role in decay of stone material. Interaction of basalt with atmospheric agents accelerates the process of weathering. For better understanding of the composition and formation of degradation products and to identify the pollutants and evaluation of their impact on basalt stone, detail study was conducted on stone samples collected from study area. For detail characterization of stone deterioration, petrographic and microscopic studies like Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thin sections and calculation of Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) were conducted. These studies provided information about nature and distribution of mineralogical phases and the elements within basalt stone sample and stone substrate interface, which contributes for identification of major minerals and its behaviour responsible for stone deterioration. Minerals like chlorite, zeolite, hematite and Kaolinite were seen separately which were the resultant of the weathering process. Microstructural analysis reveals that the deterioration process has already started inside the building stones.
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