DNA of Theileria orientalis, T. equi and T. capreoli in stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans)

Parasites and Vectors - Tập 13 Số 1 - 2020
Sándor Hornok1, Nóra Takács1, Sándor Szekeres1, Krisztina Szőke1, Jenő Kontschán2, Gábor Horváth3, László Sugár4
1Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
2Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Researches, Budapest, Hungary
3Veterinary Authority, Csurgó, Hungary
4Department of Game Management and Ethology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary

Tóm tắt

AbstractBackgroundFrom a veterinary-medical point of view, the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, is perhaps the economically most important blood-sucking muscoid fly species (Diptera: Muscidae), owing to its worldwide occurrence, frequently high local abundance, direct harm caused to livestock, pet animals and humans, as well as its vector role. Considering the latter in the context of protozoan parasites, the stable fly is a mechanical vector of trypanosomes andBesnoitia besnoiti. However, its role as a vector of piroplasms appears to be seldom studied, despite old data suggesting mechanical transmission of babesiae by dipteran flies.MethodsIn this study 395 stable flies (and oneHaematobia stimulans) were collected at a cattle farm with known history of bovine theileriosis, and at further nine, randomly chosen locations in Hungary. These flies were separated according to sex (30 of them also cut into two parts: the head with mouthparts and the thorax-abdomen), followed by individual DNA extraction, then screening for piroplasms by PCR and sequencing.ResultsIn stable flies,Theileria orientalis andT. capreoliwere identified at the cattle farm andT. equiwas identified in three other locations. At the cattle farm, significantly more male stable flies carried piroplasm DNA than females. There was no significant difference between the ratio of PCR-positive flies between the stable (void of cattle for at least two hours) and the pen on the pasture with cattle at the time of sampling. Among dissected flies (29S. calcitransand 1H. stimulans), exclusively the thoracic-abdominal parts were PCR-positive, whereas the head and mouthparts remained negative.ConclusionsTheileriaDNA is detectable in stable flies, in the case ofT. orientalisat least for two hours after blood-feeding, and in the case ofT. capreolialso in the absence of infected hosts (i.e. roe deer). Male flies rather than females, and thoracic-abdominal (most likely crop) contents rather than mouthparts may pose a risk of mechanical transmission. These data suggest that it is worth to study further the vector role of stable flies in the epidemiology of theilerioses, in which not the immediate, but rather the delayed type transmission seems possible.

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Parasites and Vectors

Tập 13 Số 1

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