DMS and its oxidation products in the remote marine atmosphere: implications for climate and atmospheric chemistry
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Albrecht, 1989, Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness, Science, 245, 1227, 10.1126/science.245.4923.1227
Andreae, 1985, The emission of sulfur to the remote atmosphere: background paper, vol. 159
Andreae, 1986, The ocean as a source of atmospheric sulfur compounds, vol. 185
Andreae, 1995, Biogenic sulfur emissions and aerosols over the tropical South Atlantic, 3. Atmospheric dimethylsulfide, aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 335
Andreae, 1994, Biogenic sulfur emissions and aerosols over the tropical South Atlantic, 1. DMS in seawater and in the atmospheric boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 819
Ayers, 1983, The concentration of ammonia in Southern Ocean air, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10655, 10.1029/JC088iC15p10655
Ayers, 1991, Seasonal relationship between cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol methanesulphonate in marine air, Nature, 353, 834, 10.1038/353834a0
Ayers, 1990, Methanesulfonate in rainwater at Cape Grim, Tasmania, Tellus, 42B, 217, 10.3402/tellusb.v42i2.15207
Ayers, 1986, Sulfate and methanesulfonate in the maritime aerosol at Cape Grim, Tasmania, J. Atmos. Chem., 4, 173, 10.1007/BF00053777
Ayers, 1991, Coherence between seasonal cycles of dimethylsulfide, methanesulfonate and sulfate in marine air, Nature, 349, 404, 10.1038/349404a0
Ayers, 1995, Dimethylsulfide in marine air at Cape Grim 41°S, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21013, 10.1029/95JD02144
Ayers, 1995, Short-term variability in marine atmospheric dimethylsulfide concentration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2513, 10.1029/95GL02484
Ayers, 1996, Dimethylsulfide oxidation and the ratio of methanesulfonate to non sea-salt sulfate in the marine aerosol, J. Atmos. Chem., 25, 307, 10.1007/BF00053798
Ayers, 1997, Sulfur dioxide and dimethyl sulfide in marine air at Cape Grim, Tasmania, Tellus, 49B, 292, 10.3402/tellusb.v49i3.15968
Ayers, 1999, Chloride and bromide loss from sea-salt particles in Southern Ocean air, J. Atmos. Chem., 33, 299, 10.1023/A:1006120205159
Bandy, 1996, Chemistry of dimethyl sulfide in the equatorial Pacific atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 741, 10.1029/96GL00779
Barone, 1995, Role of adducts in the atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide, Faraday Discuss., 100, 39, 10.1039/fd9950000039
Bates, 1987, Regional and seasonal variations in the flux of oceanic dimethylsulfide to the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2930, 10.1029/JC092iC03p02930
Bates, 1992, Sulfur emissions to the atmosphere from natural sources, J. Atmos. Chem., 14, 315, 10.1007/BF00115242
Boers, 1995, Influence of seasonal variation in cloud condensation nuclei, drizzle, and solar radiation, on marine stratocumulus optical depth, Tellus, 47B, 578, 10.3402/tellusb.v47i5.16073
Boers, 1994, Coherence between seasonal variation in satellite-derived cloud optical depth and boundary layer CCN concentrations at a mid-latitude Southern Hemisphere station, Tellus, 46B, 123, 10.3402/tellusb.v46i2.15757
Boers, 1996, Microphysical and shortwave radiative structure of wintertime stratocumulus clouds over the Southern Ocean, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 1307, 10.1002/qj.49712253405
Boers, 1998, Microphysical and shortwave radiative structure of stratocumulus clouds over the Southern Ocean: summer results and seasonal differences, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 124, 151, 10.1002/qj.49712454507
Boucher, 1995, The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: a sensitivity study with two general circulation models, Tellus, 47B, 281, 10.3402/tellusb.v47i3.16048
Boucher, O., Rodhe, H., 1994. The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: a sensitivity study. Technical Report CM-83. International Meteorological Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm.
Capaldo, 1999, Is aerosol production within the remote marine boundary layer sufficient to maintain observed concentrations?, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3483, 10.1029/1998JD100080
Charlson, 1987, Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate, Nature, 326, 655, 10.1038/326655a0
Chin, 1998, Processes controlling dimethylsulfide over the ocean: case studies using a 3-D model driven by assimilated meteorological fields, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8341, 10.1029/98JD00107
Compologo, 1999, The role of multiphase chemistry in the oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS). A latitude dependent analysis, J. Atmos. Chem., 32, 327, 10.1023/A:1006154618511
Davis, 1998, DMS oxidation in the Antarctic marine boundary layer: Comparison of model simulations and filed observations of DMS DMSO, DMSO2, H2SO4(g), MSA(g), and MSA(p), J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1657, 10.1029/97JD03452
Erickson, 1990, Global ocean-to-atmosphere dimethyl sulfide flux, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7543, 10.1029/JD095iD06p07543
Eriksson, 1959, The yearly circulation of chloride and sulfur in nature; meteorological, geochemical and pedological implications. Part I, Tellus, 11, 375, 10.3402/tellusa.v11i4.9333
Eriksson, 1960, The yearly circulation of chloride and sulfur in nature; meteorological, geochemical and pedological implications. Part II, Tellus, 12, 63, 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1960.tb01284.x
Fletcher, 1962
Gabric, 1995, Independent marine and atmospheric model estimates of the sea–air flux of dimethylsulfide in the Southern Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3521, 10.1029/95GL02936
Gabric, 1998, The impact of GCM predicted climate change on the air-to-sea flux of dimethylsulphide in the subantarctic Southern Ocean, Tellus, 50B, 388, 10.3402/tellusb.v50i4.16212
Gras, 1990, Baseline atmospheric condensation nuclei at Cape Grim 1977–1987, J. Atmos. Chem., 11, 89, 10.1007/BF00053669
Gras, 1990, Cloud condensation nuclei over the Southern Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1565, 10.1029/GL017i010p01565
Gras, 1995, CN, CCN and particle size in Southern Ocean air at Cape Grim, Atmos. Res., 35, 233, 10.1016/0169-8095(94)00021-5
Ivey, 1995, An automated instrument for the analysis of atmospheric dimethylsulphide and carbon disulphide, Anal. Chim. Acta, 306, 259, 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00685-F
Kaufman, 1994, Effect of variations in supersaturation on the formation of cloud condensation nuclei, Nature, 369, 45, 10.1038/369045a0
Keene, 1998, Aerosol pH in the marine boundary layer: a review and model evaluation, J. Aerosol. Sci., 29, 339, 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10011-8
Kettle, 1999, A global database of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements and a procedure to predict sea surface DMS as a function of latitude, longitude, and month, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 399, 10.1029/1999GB900004
Lawrence, 1993, An empirical analysis of the strength of the phytoplankton-dimethylsulfide-cloud-climate feedback cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20663, 10.1029/93JD01930
Liss, 1986, Air–sea gas exchange rates: introduction and synthesis, vol. 185
Lovelock, 1972, Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide and the natural sulfur cycle, Nature, 237, 452, 10.1038/237452a0
Mason, 1971
McGregor, 1993, Nested modelling for regional climate studies, 367
Österlund, 1963, Oxidation rate of sulfide in seawater, a preliminary study, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 3995, 10.1029/JZ068i013p03995
Raes, 1995, Entrainment of free tropospheric aerosols as a regulating mechanism for cloud condensation nuclei in the remote marine boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2893, 10.1029/94JD02832
Robinson, E., Robbins, R.C., 1968. Sources, abundance and fate of gaseous atmospheric pollutants. Final Report of Project PR-6755 of the Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California.
Saltelli, 1995, Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of OH-initiated dimethylsulfide (DMS) oxidation kinetics, J. Atmos. Chem., 21, 187, 10.1007/BF00696755
Sander, 1996, Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted air masses transported to the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9129, 10.1029/95JD03793
Twomey, 1977
Twomey, 1980, Cloud nucleation in the atmosphere and the influence of nucleus concentration levels in atmospheric physics, J. Phys. Chem., 84, 1459, 10.1021/j100449a006
Twomey, 1984, An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo, Tellus 36B, 356, 10.3402/tellusb.v36i5.14916
Vogt, 1996, A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt in the remote marine boundary layer, Nature, 383, 327, 10.1038/383327a0
Yin, 1990, Photooxidation of dimethylsulfide and dimethyldisulfide: mechanism development, J. Atmos. Chem., 11, 309, 10.1007/BF00053780