DART – LTQ ORBITRAP as an expedient tool for the identification of synthetic cannabinoids

Lewin, 2014, Emergence and properties of spice and bath salts: a medicinal chemistry perspective, Life Sci., 97, 9, 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.026 Kikura-Hanajiri, 2011, Survey of current trends in the abuse of psychotropic substances and plants in Japan, Legal Med., 13, 109, 10.1016/j.legalmed.2011.02.003 Zaitsu, 2014, Recently abused synthetic cathinones, α-pyrrolidinophenone derivatives: a review of their pharmacology, acute toxicity, and metabolism, Forensic Toxicol., 32, 1, 10.1007/s11419-013-0218-1 2014 Seely, 2011, Marijuana-based drugs: innovative therapeutics or designer drug of abuse?, Mol. Interv., 11, 36, 10.1124/mi.11.1.6 Seely, 2012, Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids, Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 39, 234, 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.017 Dresen, 2010, Monitoring of herbal mixtures potentially containing synthetic cannabinoids as psychoactive compounds, J. Mass Spectrom., 45, 1186, 10.1002/jms.1811 Penn, 2011, Detection of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense products, Clin. Biochem., 44, 1169, 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.06.078 Lindigkeit, 2009, Spice: a never ending story?, Forensic Sci. Int., 191, 58, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.008 Rosenbaum, 2012, Here today, gone tomorrow…and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2 and Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines, J. Med. Toxicol., 8, 15, 10.1007/s13181-011-0202-2 Znaleziona, 2015, Determination and identification of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in different matrices by modern analytical technique – review, Anal. Chim. Acta, 874, 11, 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.055 ElSohly, 2014, Synthetic cannabinoids: analysis and metabolites, Life Sci., 97, 28, 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.212 Fabritius, 2013, Analysis of cannabinoids in oral fluid by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, Forensic Toxicol., 31, 151, 10.1007/s11419-012-0168-z Scheidweiler, 2014, Simultaneous quantification of 20 synthetic cannabinoids and 21 metabolites, and semi-quantification of 12 alkyl hydroxy metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1327, 105, 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.067 Namera, 2015, Comprehensive review of the detection methods for synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones, Forensic Toxicol., 33, 175, 10.1007/s11419-015-0270-0 Marginean, 2015, The role of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with time of flight detection for the identification of synthetic cannabinoids in seized drugs, Forensic Sci. Int., 249, 83, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.013 Gross, 2014, Direct analysis in real time – a critical review on DART-MS, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 406, 63, 10.1007/s00216-013-7316-0 Lesiak, 2014, Recent advances in forensic drug analysis by DART-MS, Bioanalysis, 6, 819, 10.4155/bio.14.31 Musah, 2012, Rapid identification of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal samples via direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 26, 1109, 10.1002/rcm.6205 Monge, 2013, Mass spectrometry: recent advances in direct open air surface sampling/ionization, Chem. Rev., 113, 2269, 10.1021/cr300309q Chernetsova, 2011, Determination of drugs and drug-like compounds in different samples with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 30, 875, 10.1002/mas.20304 Lesiak, 2014, DART-MS as a preliminary screening method for “herbal incense”: chemical analysis of synthetic cannabinoids, J. Forensic Sci., 59, 337, 10.1111/1556-4029.12354 Hu, 2005, The orbitrap: a new mass spectrometer, J. Mass Spectrom., 40, 430, 10.1002/jms.856 Zubarev, 2013, Orbitrap mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 85, 5288, 10.1021/ac4001223 Meyer, 2014, Current position of high-resolution MS for drug quantification in clinical & forensic toxicology, Bioanalysis, 6, 2275, 10.4155/bio.14.164 Gandhi, 2014, Drug Test. Anal., 7, 187, 10.1002/dta.1662 Shanks, 2012, Analysis of first and second generation legal highs for synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic stimulants by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Toxicol., 36, 360, 10.1093/jat/bks047 Kneisel, 2013, LC/ESI-MS/MS method for quantification of 28 synthetic cannabinoids in neat oral fluid and its application to preliminary studies on their detection windows, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 4691, 10.1007/s00216-013-6887-0 Shanks, 2013, Identification of novel third-generation synthetic cannabinoids in products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Toxicol., 37, 517, 10.1093/jat/bkt062 Danaceau, 2013, Analysis of synthetic cannabinoids from whole blood for forensic toxicology using Ostro sample preparation plates and CORTECS UPLC solid-core columns