DART-HRMS triage approach part 2 – Application to the detection of cannabinoids and terpenes in recreational Cannabis products

Gould, 2015, The cannabis crop, Nature., 525, S2, 10.1038/525S2a Freeman, 2019, Medicinal use of cannabis based products and cannabinoids, BMJ., 365 Andre, 2016, Cannabis sativa: The plant of the thousand and one molecules, Front. Plant Sci., 7 Aizpurua-Olaizola, 2016, Evolution of the cannabinoid and terpene content during the growth of Cannabis sativa plants from different chemotypes, J. Nat. Prod., 79, 324, 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00949 M. Abdur-Rahman, M.M. Phillips, W.B. Wilson, Cannabis quality assurance program: Exercise 1 final report, NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], (2021) 10.6028/NIST.IR.8385. (accessed 26 May 2022). Cody, 2005, Versatile new ion source for the analysis of materials in open air under ambient conditions, Anal. Chem., 77, 2297, 10.1021/ac050162j Chambers, 2019, Rapid detection and validated quantification of psychoactive compounds in complex plant matrices by direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry – Application to “Kava” psychoactive pepper products, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 33, 1915, 10.1002/rcm.8532 Longo, 2020, An effficient ambient ionization mass spectrometric approach to detection and quantification of the mescaline content of commonly abused cacti from the Echinopsis genus, J. Forensic Sci., 65, 61, 10.1111/1556-4029.14134 Fowble, 2019, A validated method for the quantification of mitragynine in sixteen commercially available Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) products, Forensic Sci. Int., 299, 195, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.009 Appley, 2022, Quantification of hordenine in a complex plant matrix by direct analysis in real time–high-resolution mass spectrometry: Application to the “plant of concern” Sceletium tortuosum, Drug Test. Anal., 14, 604, 10.1002/dta.3193 Chambers, 2020, Detection and quantification of psychoactive N, N-dimethyltryptamine in ayahuasca brews by ambient ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, ACS Omega., 5, 28547, 10.1021/acsomega.0c03196 Moore, 2017, Identification of eight synthetic cannabinoids, including 5F-AKB48 in seized herbal products using DART-TOF-MS and LC-QTOF-MS as nontargeted screening methods, J. Forensic Sci., 62, 1151, 10.1111/1556-4029.13367 Chambers, 2022, DART-HRMS as a triage approach for the rapid analysis of cannabinoid-infused edible matrices, personal-care products and Cannabis sativa hemp plant material, Forensic Chem., 27, 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100382 Sheffler, 2003, Salvinorin A: the “magic mint” hallucinogen finds a molecular target in the kappa opioid receptor, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 24, 107, 10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00027-0 Cody, 2016, Alternative mass reference standards for direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 30, 1206, 10.1002/rcm.7554 Berman, 2018, A new ESI-LC/MS approach for comprehensive metabolic profiling of phytocannabinoids in Cannabis, Sci. Rep., 8, 14280, 10.1038/s41598-018-32651-4 Aizpurua-Olaizola, 2014, Identification and quantification of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. plants by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 406, 7549, 10.1007/s00216-014-8177-x Shimelis, 2019, Analysis of active Cannabis compounds in edible food products - Gummy bears and brownies, The Application Notebook., 32, 383 Ciolino, 2018, Commercial cannabis consumer products part 2: HPLC-DAD quantitative analysis of cannabis cannabinoids, Forensic Sci. Int., 289, 438, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.033 Dubrow, 2021, A survey of cannabinoids and toxic elements in hemp-derived products from the United States marketplace, J. Food Compost. Anal., 97, 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103800 Wolf, 2017, Stability of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in prepared quality control medible brownies, J. Anal. Toxicol., 41, 153 Meng, 2018, A reliable and validated LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 4 cannabinoids in 40 consumer products, PLoS One., 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0196396 S.C. Roberts, P. Winkler, S. Krepich, T. Garber, K.C. Hyland, C. Borton, Potency Analysis in hemp and cannabis products using a single-dilution combined LC-UV-MS-MS approach. RUO-MKT-02-9907-A, SCIEX, Food and Environmental. (2019). Available at https://sciex.com/content/dam/SCIEX/pdf/tech-notes/all/Potency-Analysis-in-Hemp-and-Cannabis.pdf. Nemeškalová, 2020, Combination of UV and MS/MS detection for the LC analysis of cannabidiol-rich products, Talanta., 219, 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121250 J.R. Stenzel, G. Jiang, (2009) Identification of cannabinoids in baked goods by UHPLC/MS. 433. Thermo Scientific Available at http://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/AN433_62876_MSQ_ForTox(1).pdf. K.V. Tran, M. Twohig, C.J. Hudalla, (2021) Analysis of cannabinoids in cannabis plant materials and edible products using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with PDA and mass detection. APNT135082330, Waters Corporation, ProVerde Laboratories. Available at https://www.waters.com/webassets/cms/library/docs/720007199en.pdf. Telepchak, 2016, Determination of cannabinoid content and pesticide residues in cannabis edibles and beverages, LC GC Supplements., 34, 20 C. Deckers, J.-F. Roy, (2020) Simple and accurate quantification of THC and CBD in cannabinoid-infused chocolates edibles using Agilent Captiva EMR-Lipid Removal and the Agilent 1260 Infinity II LC System, 5994-2873EN, Agilent. Available at https://www.agilent.com/cs/library/applications/application-thc-cbd-chocolate-captiva-emr-5994-2873en-agilent.pdf. Fowble, 2018, Identification and classification of cathinone unknowns by statistical analysis processing of direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry-derived “neutral loss” spectra, Talanta., 179, 546, 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.020 Sisco, 2017, Rapid detection of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, and opioids for on-site or laboratory based drug seizure screening using thermal desorption DART-MS and ion mobility spectrometry, Forensic Chem., 4, 108, 10.1016/j.forc.2017.04.001