Cytomegalovirus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Sinzger, 2008, Cytomegalovirus cell tropism, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 325, 63, 10.1007/978-3-540-77349-8_4
Bolovan-Fritts, 1999, Peripheral blood CD14(+) cells from healthy subjects carry a circular conformation of latent cytomegalovirus genome, Blood, 93, 394, 10.1182/blood.V93.1.394
Kondo, 1994, Human cytomegalovirus latent infection of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 11879, 10.1073/pnas.91.25.11879
Taylor-Wiedeman, 1991, Monocytes are a major site of persistence of human cytomegalovirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, J Gen Virol, 72, 2059, 10.1099/0022-1317-72-9-2059
Crough, 2009, Immunobiology of human cytomegalovirus: from bench to bedside, Clin Microbiol Rev, 22, 76, 10.1128/CMR.00034-08
Gillespie, 2000, Functional heterogeneity and high frequencies of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes in healthy seropositive donors, J Virol, 74, 8140, 10.1128/JVI.74.17.8140-8150.2000
Khan, 2002, Comparative analysis of CD8+ T cell responses against human cytomegalovirus proteins pp65 and immediate early 1 shows similarities in precursor frequency, oligoclonality, and phenotype, J Infect Dis, 185, 1025, 10.1086/339963
Khan, 2004, Herpesvirus-specific CD8 T cell immunity in old age: cytomegalovirus impairs the response to a coresident EBV infection, J Immunol, 173, 7481, 10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7481
Ouyang, 2003, Large numbers of dysfunctional CD8+ T lymphocytes bearing receptors for a single dominant CMV epitope in the very old, J Clin Immunol, 23, 247, 10.1023/A:1024580531705
Sylwester, 2005, Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects, J Exp Med, 202, 673, 10.1084/jem.20050882
Elkington, 2003, Ex vivo profiling of CD8+-T-cell responses to human cytomegalovirus reveals broad and multispecific reactivities in healthy virus carriers, J Virol, 77, 5226, 10.1128/JVI.77.9.5226-5240.2003
Kern, 2002, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) phosphoprotein 65 makes a large contribution to shaping the T cell repertoire in CMV-exposed individuals, J Infect Dis, 185, 1709, 10.1086/340637
Kern, 1999, Target structures of the CD8(+)-T-cell response to human cytomegalovirus: the 72-kilodalton major immediate-early protein revisited, J Virol, 73, 8179, 10.1128/JVI.73.10.8179-8184.1999
Khan, 2007, T cell recognition patterns of immunodominant cytomegalovirus antigens in primary and persistent infection, J Immunol, 178, 4455, 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4455
Khan, 2005, Identification of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro is greatly enhanced by the use of recombinant virus lacking the US2 to US11 region or modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing individual viral genes, J Virol, 79, 2869, 10.1128/JVI.79.5.2869-2879.2005
Kondo, 2004, Identification of novel CTL epitopes of CMV-pp65 presented by a variety of HLA alleles, Blood, 103, 630, 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0824
Li, 1994, Recovery of HLA-restricted cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T-cell responses after allogeneic bone marrow transplant: correlation with CMV disease and effect of ganciclovir prophylaxis, Blood, 83, 1971, 10.1182/blood.V83.7.1971.1971
Polic, 1998, Hierarchical and redundant lymphocyte subset control precludes cytomegalovirus replication during latent infection, J Exp Med, 188, 1047, 10.1084/jem.188.6.1047
Quinnan, 1982, Cytotoxic t cells in cytomegalovirus infection: HLA-restricted T-lymphocyte and non-T-lymphocyte cytotoxic responses correlate with recovery from cytomegalovirus infection in bone-marrow-transplant recipients, N Engl J Med, 307, 7, 10.1056/NEJM198207013070102
Reusser, 1999, Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cell immunity after renal transplantation mediates protection from CMV disease by limiting the systemic virus load, J Infect Dis, 180, 247, 10.1086/314879
Reusser, 1991, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to cytomegalovirus after human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: pattern of recovery and correlation with cytomegalovirus infection and disease, Blood, 78, 1373, 10.1182/blood.V78.5.1373.1373
Hebart, 2002, Sensitive detection of human cytomegalovirus peptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses by interferon-gamma-enzyme-linked immunospot assay and flow cytometry in healthy individuals and in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Blood, 99, 3830, 10.1182/blood.V99.10.3830
Krause, 1997, Screening for CMV-specific T cell proliferation to identify patients at risk of developing late onset CMV disease, Bone Marrow Transplant, 19, 1111, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700801
Ljungman, 1993, Cytomegalovirus viraemia and specific T-helper cell responses as predictors of disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation, Br J Haematol, 83, 118, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb04641.x
Boeckh, 2003, Late cytomegalovirus disease and mortality in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants: importance of viral load and T-cell immunity, Blood, 101, 407, 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0993
Boppana, 1995, Antiviral antibody responses and intrauterine transmission after primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection, J Infect Dis, 171, 1115, 10.1093/infdis/171.5.1115
Jonjic, 1990, Efficacious control of cytomegalovirus infection after long-term depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes, J Virol, 64, 5457, 10.1128/JVI.64.11.5457-5464.1990
Boehme, 2006, Human cytomegalovirus envelope glycoproteins B and H are necessary for TLR2 activation in permissive cells, J Immunol, 177, 7094, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7094
Compton, 2003, Human cytomegalovirus activates inflammatory cytokine responses via CD14 and Toll-like receptor 2, J Virol, 77, 4588, 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4588-4596.2003
Juckem, 2008, Differential initiation of innate immune responses induced by human cytomegalovirus entry into fibroblast cells, J Immunol, 180, 4965, 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4965
Kijpittayarit, 2007, Relationship between Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphism and cytomegalovirus disease after liver transplantation, Clin Infect Dis, 44, 1315, 10.1086/514339
Biron, 1989, Severe herpesvirus infections in an adolescent without natural killer cells, N Engl J Med, 320, 1731, 10.1056/NEJM198906293202605
Venema, 1994, Natural killer cell responses in renal transplant patients with cytomegalovirus infection, J Med Virol, 42, 188, 10.1002/jmv.1890420216
Chen, 2006, Activating KIR genes are associated with CMV reactivation and survival after non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation for malignant disorders, Bone Marrow Transplant, 38, 437, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705468
Cook, 2006, Donor KIR genotype has a major influence on the rate of cytomegalovirus reactivation following T-cell replete stem cell transplantation, Blood, 107, 1230, 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1039
Zaia, 2009, The effect of single and combined activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes on cytomegalovirus infection and immunity after hematopoietic cell transplantation, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 15, 315, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.11.030
Loeffler, 2006, Polymorphisms in the genes encoding chemokine receptor 5, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 contribute to cytomegalovirus reactivation and disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 1847, 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1847-1850.2006
Einsele, 1995, Polymerase chain reaction monitoring reduces the incidence of cytomegalovirus disease and the duration and side effects of antiviral therapy after bone marrow transplantation, Blood, 86, 2815, 10.1182/blood.V86.7.2815.2815
Crawford, 1988, Rapid detection of cytomegalovirus pulmonary infection by bronchoalveolar lavage and centrifugation culture, Ann Intern Med, 108, 180, 10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-180
Boeckh, 1992, Cytomegalovirus antigen detection in peripheral blood leukocytes after allogeneic marrow transplantation, Blood, 80, 1358, 10.1182/blood.V80.5.1358.1358
Nichols, 2001, Rising pp65 antigenemia during preemptive anticytomegalovirus therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: risk factors, correlation with DNA load, and outcomes, Blood, 97, 867, 10.1182/blood.V97.4.867
Boeckh, 2004, Optimization of quantitative detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in plasma by real-time PCR, J Clin Microbiol, 42, 1142, 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1142-1148.2004
Einsele, 2000, Risk factors for treatment failures in patients receiving PCR-based preemptive therapy for CMV infection, Bone Marrow Transplant, 25, 757, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702226
Emery, 2000, Prediction of cytomegalovirus load and resistance patterns after antiviral chemotherapy, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, 8039, 10.1073/pnas.140123497
Gor, 1998, Longitudinal fluctuations in cytomegalovirus load in bone marrow transplant patients: relationship between peak virus load, donor/recipient serostatus, acute GVHD and CMV disease, Bone Marrow Transplant, 21, 597, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701139
Ljungman, 2006, Risk factors for the development of cytomegalovirus disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Haematologica, 91, 78
Cathomas, 1993, Rapid diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in marrow transplant recipients by bronchoalveolar lavage using the polymerase chain reaction, virus culture, and the direct immunostaining of alveolar cells, Blood, 81, 1909, 10.1182/blood.V81.7.1909.1909
Gerna, 2003, Human cytomegalovirus immediate-early mRNAemia versus pp65 antigenemia for guiding pre-emptive therapy in children and young adults undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective, randomized, open-label trial, Blood, 101, 5053, 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3636
Hebart, 2003, Prospective comparison of PCR-based versus late mRNA-based preemptive antiviral therapy for HCMV infection in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Blood, 102, 195a
Collier, 1989, Identification of multiple strains of cytomegalovirus in homosexual men, J Infect Dis, 159, 123, 10.1093/infdis/159.1.123
Manuel, 2009, An assessment of donor-to-recipient transmission patterns of human cytomegalovirus by analysis of viral genomic variants, J Infect Dis, 199, 1621, 10.1086/598952
Ljungman, 2002, Definitions of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in transplant recipients, Clin Infect Dis, 34, 1094, 10.1086/339329
Boeckh, 1996, Cytomegalovirus pp65 antigenemia after autologous marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, J Infect Dis, 174, 907, 10.1093/infdis/174.5.907
Konoplev, 2001, Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in adult autologous blood and marrow transplant recipients, Bone Marrow Transplant, 27, 877, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702877
Ljungman, 1995, Cytomegalovirus pneumonia: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, Semin Respir Infect, 10, 209
Schmidt, 1991, A randomized, controlled trial of prophylactic ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus pulmonary infection in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants. The City of Hope-Stanford-Syntex CMV Study Group, N Engl J Med, 324, 1005, 10.1056/NEJM199104113241501
Jang, 2009, Diagnostic performance of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia assay in patients with CMV gastrointestinal disease, Clin Infect Dis, 48, e121, 10.1086/599116
Mori, 2000, Risk-adapted pre-emptive therapy for cytomegalovirus disease in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, 25, 765, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702227
Coskuncan, 1994, The eye in bone marrow transplantation. VI. Retinal complications, Arch Ophthalmol, 112, 372, 10.1001/archopht.1994.01090150102031
Crippa, 2001, Virological, clinical, and ophthalmologic features of cytomegalovirus retinitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Clin Infect Dis, 32, 214, 10.1086/318447
Eid, 2008, Clinical features and outcomes of cytomegalovirus retinitis after transplantation, Transpl Infect Dis, 10, 13, 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00241.x
Larsson, 2002, CMV retinitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report of five cases, Transpl Infect Dis, 4, 75, 10.1034/j.1399-3062.2002.01018.x
Nichols, 2002, High risk of death due to bacterial and fungal infection among cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative recipients of stem cell transplants from seropositive donors: evidence for indirect effects of primary CMV infection, J Infect Dis, 185, 273, 10.1086/338624
Boeckh, 1999, Current antiviral strategies for controlling cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: prevention and therapy, Transpl Infect Dis, 1, 165, 10.1034/j.1399-3062.1999.010305.x
Broers, 2000, Increased transplant-related morbidity and mortality in CMV- seropositive patients despite highly effective prevention of CMV disease after allogeneic T-cell-depleted stem cell transplantation, Blood, 95, 2240, 10.1182/blood.V95.7.2240
Craddock, 2001, Cytomegalovirus seropositivity adversely influences outcome after T- depleted unrelated donor transplant in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia: the case for tailored graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, Br J Haematol, 112, 228, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02519.x
Behrendt, 2009, Donor and recipient CMV serostatus and outcome of pediatric allogeneic HSCT for acute leukemia in the era of CMV-preemptive therapy, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 15, 54, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.10.023
Boeckh, 2004, The impact of cytomegalovirus serostatus of donor and recipient before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the era of antiviral prophylaxis and preemptive therapy, Blood, 103, 2003, 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3616
Bordon, 2008, Surveillance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation: incidence and outcome of CMV infection and disease, Transpl Infect Dis, 10, 19, 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00242.x
Cwynarski, 2003, Stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia in children, Blood, 102, 1224, 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3637
Erard, 2006, Impact of HLA A2 and cytomegalovirus serostatus on outcomes in patients with leukemia following matched-sibling myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, Haematologica, 91, 1377
Grob, 1987, Immune donors can protect marrow-transplant recipients from severe cytomegalovirus infections, Lancet, 1, 774, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92800-5
Jacobsen, 1990, Graft-versus-leukaemia activity associated with CMV-seropositive donor, post-transplant CMV infection, young donor age and chronic graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow allograft recipients. The Nordic Bone Marrow Transplantation Group, Bone Marrow Transplant, 5, 413
Kollman, 2001, Donor characteristics as risk factors in recipients after transplantation of bone marrow from unrelated donors: the effect of donor age, Blood, 98, 2043, 10.1182/blood.V98.7.2043
Ljungman, 2003, Donor CMV serological status influences the outcome of CMVseropositive recipients after unrelated donor stem cell transplantation. An EBMT Megafile analysis, Blood, 102, 4255, 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3263
Nachbaur, 2006, Donor cytomegalovirus seropositivity and the risk of leukemic relapse after reduced-intensity transplants, Eur J Haematol, 76, 414, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00625.x
Ringden, 2004, Which donor should be chosen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation among unrelated HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 genomically identical volunteers?, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 10, 128, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2003.10.001
Gustafsson Jernberg, 2004, Risk factors in pediatric stem cell transplantation for leukemia, Pediatr Transplant, 8, 464, 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2004.00175.x
Avetisyan, 2007, Evaluation of intervention strategy based on CMV-specific immune responses after allogeneic SCT, Bone Marrow Transplant, 40, 865, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705825
Ganepola, 2007, Patients at high risk for CMV infection and disease show delayed CD8+ T-cell immune recovery after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, 39, 293, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705585
Lilleri, 2008, Human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell reconstitution in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and immune control of viral infection, Haematologica, 93, 248, 10.3324/haematol.11912
Moins-Teisserenc, 2008, Patterns of cytomegalovirus reactivation are associated with distinct evolutive profiles of immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation, J Infect Dis, 198, 818, 10.1086/591185
Lin, 2002, Risk factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation after CD6+ T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Transplantation, 74, 49, 10.1097/00007890-200207150-00009
Ozdemir, 2007, Risk factors associated with late cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies, Bone Marrow Transplant, 40, 125, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705699
Marty, 2007, Sirolimus-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis protects against cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a cohort analysis, Blood, 110, 490, 10.1182/blood-2007-01-069294
Ljungman, 1998, Results of different strategies for reducing cytomegalovirus-associated mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients, Transplantation, 66, 1330, 10.1097/00007890-199811270-00012
Martino, 2001, Severe infections after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a matched-pair comparison of unmanipulated and CD34+ cell-selected transplantation, Haematologica, 86, 1075
Miller, 1986, Cytomegalovirus infection after bone marrow transplantation: an association with acute graft-v-host disease, Blood, 67, 1162, 10.1182/blood.V67.4.1162.1162
Walker, 2007, Cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic transplantation: comparison of cord blood with peripheral blood and marrow graft sources, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 13, 1106, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.06.006
Kudchodkar, 2006, Human cytomegalovirus infection alters the substrate specificities and rapamycin sensitivities of raptor- and rictor-containing complexes, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 14182, 10.1073/pnas.0605825103
Junghanss, 2002, Incidence and outcome of cytomegalovirus infections following nonmyeloablative compared with myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a matched control study, Blood, 99, 1978, 10.1182/blood.V99.6.1978
Nakamae, 2009, Effect of conditioning regimen intensity on CMV infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 15, 694, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.02.009
Schoemans, 2006, Adult umbilical cord blood transplantation: a comprehensive review, Bone Marrow Transplant, 38, 83, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705403
Albano, 2006, Umbilical cord blood transplantation and cytomegalovirus: posttransplantation infection and donor screening, Blood, 108, 4275, 10.1182/blood-2006-04-020313
Matsumura, 2007, Cytomegalovirus infections following umbilical cord blood transplantation using reduced intensity conditioning regimens for adult patients, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 13, 577, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.454
Saavedra, 2002, Early infections in adult patients undergoing unrelated donor cord blood transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, 30, 937, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703764
Takami, 2005, High incidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation in adult recipients of an unrelated cord blood transplant, Haematologica, 90, 1290
Tomonari, 2008, Preemptive therapy with ganciclovir 5 mg/kg once daily for cytomegalovirus infection after unrelated cord blood transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, 41, 371, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705910
Delgado, 2008, The effect of in vivo T cell depletion with alemtuzumab on reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 14, 1288, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.09.001
Martin, 2006, Infectious complications associated with alemtuzumab use for lymphoproliferative disorders, Clin Infect Dis, 43, 16, 10.1086/504811
Nguyen, 1999, Late cytomegalovirus pneumonia in adult allogeneic blood and marrow transplant recipients, Clin Infect Dis, 28, 618, 10.1086/515146
Peggs, 2000, Extended routine polymerase chain reaction surveillance and pre-emptive antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus after allogeneic transplantation, Br J Haematol, 111, 782, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02419.x
Hebart, 1997, Cytomegalovirus monitoring by polymerase chain reaction of whole blood samples from patients undergoing autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation, J Infect Dis, 175, 1490, 10.1086/516484
Bilgrami, 1999, Cytomegalovirus viremia, viruria and disease after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: no need for surveillance, Bone Marrow Transplant, 24, 69, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701827
Boeckh, 1995, Failure of high-dose acyclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus disease after autologous marrow transplantation, J Infect Dis, 172, 939, 10.1093/infdis/172.4.939
Holmberg, 1999, Increased incidence of cytomegalovirus disease after autologous CD34-selected peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, Blood, 94, 4029, 10.1182/blood.V94.12.4029
Singhal, 1997, Cytomegaloviremia after autografting for leukemia: clinical significance and lack of effect on engraftment, Leukemia, 11, 835, 10.1038/sj.leu.2400672
Enright, 1993, Cytomegalovirus pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation: risk factors and response to therapy, Transplantation, 55, 1339, 10.1097/00007890-199306000-00024
Reusser, 1990, Cytomegalovirus infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation: occurrence of cytomegalovirus disease and effect on engraftment, Blood, 75, 1888, 10.1182/blood.V75.9.1888.1888
Bowden, 1995, Comparison of filtered blood (FB) to seronegative blood products (SB) for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after marrow transplant, Blood, 86, 3598, 10.1182/blood.V86.9.3598.bloodjournal8693598
Ljungman, 2002, Leukocyte depleted, unscreened blood products give a low risk for CMV infection and disease in CMV seronegative allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients with seronegative stem cell donors, Scand J Infect Dis, 34, 347, 10.1080/00365540110080412
Nichols, 2003, Transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus infection after receipt of leukoreduced blood products, Blood, 101, 4195, 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3143
Bass, 1993, Efficacy of immune globulin in preventing complications of bone marrow transplantation: a meta-analysis, Bone Marrow Transplant, 12, 179
Messori, 1994, Efficacy of hyperimmune anti-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulins for the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a meta analysis, Bone Marrow Transplant, 13, 163
Raanani, 2008, Immunoglobulin prophylaxis in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis, Bone Marrow Transplant, 41, S46
Sullivan, 1990, Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in bone marrow transplantation, N Engl J Med, 323, 705, 10.1056/NEJM199009133231103
Winston, 1987, Intravenous immune globulin for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and interstitial pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation, Ann Intern Med, 106, 12, 10.7326/0003-4819-106-1-12
Zikos, 1998, A randomized trial of high dose polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin (HDIgG) vs. cytomegalovirus (CMV) hyperimmune IgG in allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT), Haematologica, 83, 132
Wloch, 2008, Safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in healthy adult subjects, J Infect Dis, 197, 1634, 10.1086/588385
Boeckh, 1996, Cytomegalovirus pp65 antigenemia-guided early treatment with ganciclovir versus ganciclovir at engraftment after allogeneic marrow transplantation: a randomized double-blind study, Blood, 88, 4063, 10.1182/blood.V88.10.4063.bloodjournal88104063
Avery, 2000, A survey of allogeneic bone marrow transplant programs in the United States regarding cytomegalovirus prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy, Bone Marrow Transplant, 26, 763, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702608
Ljungman, 2008, CMV infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, 42, S70, 10.1038/bmt.2008.120
Ljungman, 2004, Management of CMV infections: recommendations from the infectious diseases working party of the EBMT, Bone Marrow Transplant, 33, 1075, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704505
Meyers, 1988, Acyclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation, N Engl J Med, 318, 70, 10.1056/NEJM198801143180202
Prentice, 1994, Impact of long-term acyclovir on cytomegalovirus infection and survival after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. European Acyclovir for CMV Prophylaxis Study Group, Lancet, 343, 749, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91835-X
Ljungman, 2002, Randomized study of valacyclovir as prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus reactivation in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants, Blood, 99, 3050, 10.1182/blood.V99.8.3050
Goodrich, 1993, Ganciclovir prophylaxis to prevent cytomegalovirus disease after allogeneic marrow transplant, Ann Intern Med, 118, 173, 10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00003
Winston, 1993, Ganciclovir prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients: results of a placebo- controlled, double-blind trial, Ann Intern Med, 118, 179, 10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00004
Winston, 2003, Randomized comparison of oral valacyclovir and intravenous ganciclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Clin Infect Dis, 36, 749, 10.1086/367836
Salzberger, 1997, Neutropenia in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients receiving ganciclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease: risk factors and outcome, Blood, 90, 2502, 10.1182/blood.V90.6.2502
Busca, 2007, Oral valganciclovir as preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus infection post allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Transpl Infect Dis, 9, 102, 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2006.00183.x
Einsele, 2006, Oral valganciclovir leads to higher exposure to ganciclovir than intravenous ganciclovir in patients following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Blood, 107, 3002, 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3786
Winston, 2006, Pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir after oral valganciclovir versus intravenous ganciclovir in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients with graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 12, 635, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.12.038
Allice, 2009, Valganciclovir as pre-emptive therapy for cytomegalovirus infection post-allogenic stem cell transplantation: implications for the emergence of drug-resistant cytomegalovirus, J Antimicrob Chemother, 63, 600, 10.1093/jac/dkn521
Ayala, 2006, Valganciclovir is safe and effective as pre-emptive therapy for CMV infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, 37, 851, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705341
Takenaka, 2009, Oral valganciclovir as preemptive therapy is effective for cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, Int J Hematol, 89, 231, 10.1007/s12185-008-0249-2
Volin, 2008, An open-label randomised study of oral valganciclovir versus intravenous ganciclovir for pre-emptive therapy of cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, 42, S47
Reusser, 2002, Randomized multicenter trial of foscarnet versus ganciclovir for preemptive therapy of cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Blood, 99, 1159, 10.1182/blood.V99.4.1159
Ljungman, 2001, Cidofovir for cytomegalovirus infection and disease in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. The Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Blood, 97, 388, 10.1182/blood.V97.2.388
Emery, 2000, Application of viral-load kinetics to identify patients who develop cytomegalovirus disease after transplantation, Lancet, 355, 2032, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02350-3
Pang, 2009, Interlaboratory comparison of cytomegalovirus viral load assays, Am J Transplant, 9, 258, 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02513.x
Fries, 2005, Cytomegalovirus disease before hematopoietic cell transplantation as a risk for complications after transplantation, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 11, 136, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.11.016
Chou, 2001, Cytomegalovirus drug resistance and clinical implications, Transpl Infect Dis, 3, 20, 10.1034/j.1399-3062.2001.00004.x
Chou, 2008, Cytomegalovirus UL97 mutations in the era of ganciclovir and maribavir, Rev Med Virol, 18, 233, 10.1002/rmv.574
Iwasenko, 2009, Successful valganciclovir treatment of post-transplant cytomegalovirus infection in the presence of UL97 mutation N597D, J Med Virol, 81, 507, 10.1002/jmv.21397
Prichard, 2005, Human cytomegalovirus UL97 kinase is required for the normal intranuclear distribution of pp65 and virion morphogenesis, J Virol, 79, 15494, 10.1128/JVI.79.24.15494-15502.2005
Chou, 2003, Viral DNA polymerase mutations associated with drug resistance in human cytomegalovirus, J Infect Dis, 188, 32, 10.1086/375743
Drew, 2006, Maribavir sensitivity of cytomegalovirus isolates resistant to ganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet, J Clin Virol, 37, 124, 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.07.010
Avery, 2004, Use of leflunomide in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient with refractory cytomegalovirus infection, Bone Marrow Transplant, 34, 1071, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704694
Battiwalla, 2007, Leflunomide failure to control recurrent cytomegalovirus infection in the setting of renal failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Transpl Infect Dis, 9, 28, 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2006.00170.x
Efferth, 2008, The antiviral activities of artemisinin and artesunate, Clin Infect Dis, 47, 804, 10.1086/591195
Emanuel, 1988, Cytomegalovirus pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation successfully treated with the combination of ganciclovir and high-dose intravenous immune globulin, Ann Intern Med, 109, 777, 10.7326/0003-4819-109-10-777
Ljungman, 1992, Treatment of interstitial pneumonitis due to cytomegalovirus with ganciclovir and intravenous immune globulin: experience of European Bone Marrow Transplant Group, Clin Infect Dis, 14, 831, 10.1093/clinids/14.4.831
Reed, 1988, Treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonia with ganciclovir and intravenous cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin in patients with bone marrow transplants, Ann Intern Med, 109, 783, 10.7326/0003-4819-109-10-783
Schmidt, 1988, Ganciclovir/immunoglobulin combination therapy for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus-associated interstitial pneumonia in bone marrow allograft recipients, Transplantation, 46, 905, 10.1097/00007890-198812000-00022
Erard V, Gutherie KA, Smith J, et al. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia (CMV-IP) after hematopoeitic cell transplantation (HCT): outcomes and factors associated with mortality [abstract V-1379]. 47th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy; September 17–20; Chicago (IL) 2007.
Machado, 2000, CMV pneumonia in allogeneic BMT recipients undergoing early treatment of pre-emptive ganciclovir therapy, Bone Marrow Transplant, 26, 413, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702526
Reed, 1990, Ganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis in bone marrow transplant patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Ann Intern Med, 112, 505, 10.7326/0003-4819-112-7-505
Chang, 2005, Ganciclovir implant in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis, Expert Rev Med Devices, 2, 421, 10.1586/17434440.2.4.421
Okamoto, 1997, Successful treatment of severe cytomegalovirus retinitis with foscarnet and intraocular infection of ganciclovir in a myelosuppressed unrelated bone marrow transplant patient, Bone Marrow Transplant, 20, 801, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700967
Ganly, 1988, Foscarnet as treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis following bone marrow transplantation, Postgrad Med J, 64, 389, 10.1136/pgmj.64.751.389
Biron, 2006, Antiviral drugs for cytomegalovirus diseases, Antiviral Res, 71, 154, 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.05.002