Cyto- and genotoxicity of ultrafine TiO2 particles in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells

Bingham, 2002, vol. 2

Lee, 1985, Pulmonary response of rats exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) by inhalation for two years, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 79, 179, 10.1016/0041-008X(85)90339-4

Lomer, 2002, Fine and ultrafine particles of the diet: influence on the mucosal immune response and association with Crohn's disease, Proc. Nutr. Soc., 61, 123, 10.1079/PNS2001134

Gelis, 2003, Assessment of the skin photoprotective capacities of an organo-mineral broad-spectrum sunblock on two ex vivo skin models, Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed., 19, 242, 10.1034/j.1600-0781.2003.00045.x

Bernard, 1990, Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of dietary titanium dioxide-coated mica in male and female Fischer 344 rats, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 29, 417, 10.1080/15287399009531402

Chen, 1988, Epidemiologic study of workers exposed to titanium dioxide, J. Occup. Med., 30, 937, 10.1097/00043764-198812000-00011

Hart, 1998, In vitro toxicity of respirable-size particles of diatomaceous earth and crystalline silica compared with asbestos and titanium dioxide, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 40, 29, 10.1097/00043764-199801000-00008

Garabrant, 1987, Abnormalities of pulmonary function and pleural disease among titanium metal production workers, Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 13, 47, 10.5271/sjweh.2087

Ahn, 2005, Titanium dioxide particle-induced goblet cell hyperplasia: association with mast cells and IL-13, Respir. Res., 6, 34, 10.1186/1465-9921-6-34

Kumazawa, 2002, Effects of Ti ions and particles on neutrophil function and morphology, Biomaterials, 23, 3757, 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00115-1

Afaq, 1998, Cytotoxicity, pro-oxidant effects and antioxidant depletion in rat lung alveolar macrophages exposed to ultrafine titanium dioxide, J. Appl. Toxicol., 18, 307, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(1998090)18:5<307::AID-JAT508>3.0.CO;2-K

Baggs, 1997, Regression of pulmonary lesions produced by inhaled titanium dioxide in rats, Vet. Pathol., 34, 592, 10.1177/030098589703400607

Rahman, 2002, Evidence that ultrafine titanium dioxide induces micronuclei and apoptosis in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts, Environ. Health Perspect., 110, 797, 10.1289/ehp.02110797

Kreilgaard, 2002, Influence of microemulsions on cutaneous drug delivery, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 54, S77, 10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00116-3

Lademann, 1999, Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice, Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol., 12, 247, 10.1159/000066249

Tinkle, 2003, Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease, Environ. Health Perspect., 111, 1202, 10.1289/ehp.5999

Churg, 1998, Comparison of the uptake of fine and ultrafine TiO2 in a tracheal explant system, Am. J. Physiol., 274, L81

Peters, 2004, Effects of nano-scaled particles on endothelial cell function in vitro: studies on viability, proliferation and inflammation, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 15, 321, 10.1023/B:JMSM.0000021095.36878.1b

Gurr, 2005, Ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation can induce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells, Toxicology, 213, 66, 10.1016/j.tox.2005.05.007

Mosmann, 1983, Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, J. Immunol. Methods, 65, 55, 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4

Young, 2005, Modification of MTT assay conditions to examine the cytotoxic effects of amitraz on the human lymphoblastoid cell line, WIL2NS, Toxicol. In Vitro, 19, 1051, 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.05.001

Fenech, 1993, The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique and its application to genotoxicity studies in human populations, Environ. Health Perspect., 101, 101

Fenech, 2000, The in vitro micronucleus technique, Mutat. Res., 455, 81, 10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00065-8

Kirsch-Volders, 2004, Corrigendum to “Report from the in vitro micronucleus assay working group” [Mutat. Res. 540 (2003) 153–163], Mutat. Res., 564, 97, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.07.002

Surralles, 1995, Induction of micronuclei by five pyrethroid insecticides in whole-blood and isolated human lymphocyte cultures, Mutat. Res., 341, 169, 10.1016/0165-1218(95)90007-1

Kumaravel, 2006, Reliable comet assay measurements for detecting DNA damage induced by ionising radiation and chemicals, Mutat. Res., 605, 7, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.03.002

Olive, 2005, Heterogeneity in DNA damage using the comet assay, Cytometry A, 66, 1, 10.1002/cyto.a.20154

Sanderson, 1991, Dose-dependent cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of antineoplastic alkylating agents on human lymphoblastoid cells, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 17, 238, 10.1002/em.2850170404

van Duuren, 1963, Carcinogenicity of epoxides, lactones and peroxy compounds, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 31, 41

Kirsch-Volders, 2003, Report from the in vitro micronucleus assay working group, Mutat. Res., 540, 153, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.07.005

Renwick, 2004, Increased inflammation and altered macrophage chemotactic responses caused by two ultrafine particle types, Occup. Environ. Med., 61, 442, 10.1136/oem.2003.008227

Brown, 2004, Calcium and ROS-mediated activation of transcription factors and TNF-alpha cytokine gene expression in macrophages exposed to ultrafine particles, Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 286, L344, 10.1152/ajplung.00139.2003

Tao, 2003, Reactive oxygen species in pulmonary inflammation by ambient particulates, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 35, 327, 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00280-6

Donaldson, 2001, Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system: potential mechanisms, Environ. Health Perspect., 109, 523, 10.2307/3454663

Nemmar, 2002, Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans, Circulation, 105, 411, 10.1161/hc0402.104118

Oberdorster, 2004, Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain, Inhal. Toxicol., 16, 437, 10.1080/08958370490439597

Clutton, 1997, The importance of oxidative stress in apoptosis, Br. Med. Bull., 53, 662, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011637

Knaapen, 2004, Inhaled particles and lung cancer. Part A. Mechanisms, Int. J. Cancer, 109, 799, 10.1002/ijc.11708

Lowe, 1993, p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes, Nature, 362, 847, 10.1038/362847a0

Umegaki, 2000, Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in WIL2-NS cells: a sensitive system to detect chromosomal damage induced by reactive oxygen species and activated human neutrophils, Mutagenesis, 15, 261, 10.1093/mutage/15.3.261

Amundson, 1993, Different cytotoxic and mutagenic responses induced by X-rays in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from a single donor, Mutat. Res., 286, 233, 10.1016/0027-5107(93)90188-L

Wu, 1999, Mismatch repair processing of carcinogen-DNA adducts triggers apoptosis, Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 8292, 10.1128/MCB.19.12.8292

Heddle, 1983, The induction of micronuclei as a measure of genotoxicity. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program, Mutat. Res., 123, 61, 10.1016/0165-1110(83)90047-7

Lu, 1998, Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei by titanium dioxide in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells, Mutat. Res., 414, 15, 10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00034-5

Thomas, 2003, Nucleoplasmic bridges are a sensitive measure of chromosome rearrangement in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, Mutagenesis, 18, 187, 10.1093/mutage/18.2.187

Van Goethem, 1997, Comparative evaluation of the in vitro micronucleus test and the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay for the detection of DNA damaging agents: genotoxic effects of cobalt powder, tungsten carbide and cobalt–tungsten carbide, Mutat. Res., 392, 31, 10.1016/S0165-1218(97)00043-8

Dunford, 1997, Chemical oxidation and DNA damage catalysed by inorganic sunscreen ingredients, FEBS Lett., 418, 87, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01356-2