Cysteamine (Lynovex®), a novel mucoactive antimicrobial & antibiofilm agent for the treatment of cystic fibrosis

Plummer A, Wildman M: Duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013, 5: CD006682-

Bhatt JM: Treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev. 2013, 22: 205-216. 10.1183/09059180.00006512.

Storey S, Wald G: Novel agents in cystic fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008, 7: 555-556. 10.1038/nrd2603.

Balsamo R, Lanata L, Egan CG: Mucoactive drugs. Eur Respir Rev. 2010, 19: 127-133. 10.1183/09059180.00003510.

Jones AP, Wallis C: Dornase alfa for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010, Issue 3.Art.No.:CD001127. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001127.pub2.

Banerjee D, Stableforth D: The treatment of respiratory pseudomonas infection in cystic fibrosis: what drug and which way?. Drugs. 2000, 60: 1053-1064. 10.2165/00003495-200060050-00006.

Sorde R, Pahissa A, Rello J: Management of refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis. Infect Drug Resist. 2011, 4: 31-41. 10.2147/IDR.S16263.

Canton R, Morosini MI: Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance following exposure to antibiotics. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2011, 35: 977-991. 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00295.x.

Lyczak JB, Cannon CL, Pier GB: Lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002, 15: 194-222. 10.1128/CMR.15.2.194-222.2002.

O’Neil D, Charrier C: A composition comprising an antibiotic and a dispersant or an anti-adhesive agent. PCT/GB2011/001721 2011.,

O’Neil D, Mercer D, Charrier C: Inhibition of Biofilm Organisms. PCT/GB2010/000631 2010.,

Gahl WA, Tietze F, Butler JD, Schulman JD: Cysteamine depletes cystinotic leucocyte granular fractions of cystine by the mechanism of disulphide interchange. Biochem J. 1985, 228: 545-550.

Gahl WA, Balog JZ, Kleta R: Nephropathic cystinosis in adults: natural history and effects of oral cysteamine therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2007, 147: 242-250. 10.7326/0003-4819-147-4-200708210-00006.

Hoffmann N, Rasmussen TB, Jensen PO, Stub C, Hentzer M, Molin S, Ciofu O, Givskov M, Johansen HK, Hoiby N: Novel mouse model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection mimicking cystic fibrosis. Infect Immun. 2005, 73: 2504-2514. 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2504-2514.2005.

O’Neill E, Pozzi C, Houston P, Smyth D, Humphreys H, Robinson DA, O’Gara JP: Association between methicillin susceptibility and biofilm regulation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from device-related infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2007, 45: 1379-1388. 10.1128/JCM.02280-06.

Pearson JP, Ward R, Allen A, Roberts NB, Taylor WH: Mucus degradation by pepsin: comparison of mucolytic activity of human pepsin 1 and pepsin 3: implications in peptic ulceration. Gut. 1986, 27: 243-248. 10.1136/gut.27.3.243.

Handra-Luca A, Lamas G, Bertrand JC, Fouret P: MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC expression in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005, 29: 881-889. 10.1097/01.pas.0000159103.95360.e8.

Book Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard - Ninth Edition; M07-A9. 2012, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA

Yang Y, Tsifansky MD, Shin S, Lin Q, Yeo Y: Mannitol-guided delivery of Ciprofloxacin in artificial cystic fibrosis mucus model. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2011, 108: 1441-1449. 10.1002/bit.23046.

Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatic T: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN, Isham N: Synergistic antimicrobial activity by combining an allylamine with benzoyl peroxide with expanded coverage against yeast and bacterial species. Br J Dermatol. 2006, 154: 341-344. 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06924.x.

Sandberg T, Carlsson J, Ott MK: Mucin coatings suppress neutrophil adhesion to a polymeric model biomaterial. Microsc Res Tech. 2007, 70: 864-868. 10.1002/jemt.20489.

Alipour M, Suntres ZE, Omri A: Importance of DNase and alginate lyase for enhancing free and liposome encapsulated aminoglycoside activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009, 64: 317-325. 10.1093/jac/dkp165.

Voynow JA, Rubin BK: Mucins, mucus, and sputum. Chest. 2009, 135: 505-512. 10.1378/chest.08-0412.

Gaspar MC, Couet W, Olivier JC, Pais AA, Sousa JJ: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis lung disease and new perspectives of treatment: a review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013, 32: 1231-1252. 10.1007/s10096-013-1876-y.

Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty Fourth Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M100-S24. 2014, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA

English WP, Williams MD: Should aminoglycoside antibiotics be abandoned?. Am J Surg. 2000, 180: 512-515. 10.1016/S0002-9610(00)00539-0. discussion 515–516

Fischbach MA: Combination therapies for combating antimicrobial resistance. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2011, 14: 519-523. 10.1016/j.mib.2011.08.003.

Stubbings W, Bostock J, Ingham E, Chopra I: Mechanisms of the post-antibiotic effects induced by rifampicin and gentamicin in Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006, 58: 444-448. 10.1093/jac/dkl225.