Cyclospora cayetanensis infections among diarrheal outpatients in Shanghai: a retrospective case study

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 12 - Trang 98-103 - 2018
Yanyan Jiang1, Zhongying Yuan1, Guoqing Zang2, Dan Li2, Ying Wang1, Yi Zhang2, Hua Liu1, Jianping Cao1, Yujuan Shen1
1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
2Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China

Tóm tắt

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a foodborne and waterborne pathogen that causes endemic and epidemic human diarrhea worldwide. A few epidemiological studies regarding C. cayetanensis infections in China have been conducted. During 2013, a total of 291 stool specimens were collected from patients with diarrhea at a hospital in urban Shanghai. C. cayetanensis was not detected in any of the stool specimens by traditional microscopy, whereas five stool specimens (1.72%, 5/291) were positive by PCR. These positive cases confirmed by molecular technology were all in the adult group (mean age 27.8 years; 2.94%, 5/170) with watery diarrhea. Marked infection occurred in the rainy season of May and July. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the partial 18S rRNA genes of C. cayetanensis isolated showed intra-species diversity of this parasite. This study showed, for the first time, that C. cayetanensis is a pathogen in outpatients with diarrhea in Shanghai, albeit at a low level. However, the transmission dynamics of this parasite in these patients remain uncertain.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Thima K, Mori H, Praevanit R, Mongkhonmu S, Waikagul J, Watthanakulpanich D. Recovery of Cyclospora cayetanensis among asymptomatic rural Thai schoolchildren. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2014; 7(2): 119–123 Llanes R, Velázquez B, Reyes Z, Somarriba L. Co-infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis and Salmonella typhi in a patient with HIV infection and chronic diarrhoea. Pathog Glob Health 2013; 107(1): 38–39 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis—United States, June–August 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013; 62(43): 862 Sánchez-Vega JT, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Romero-Olmedo AJ, Ortiz-Frías JL, Sokolina F, Barreto G. Cyclospora cayetanensis: this emerging protozoan pathogen in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90(2): 351–353 Chacín-Bonilla L, Estévez J, Monsalve F, Quijada L. Cyclospora cayetanensis infections among diarrheal patients from Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 65(4): 351–354 Milord F, Lampron-Goulet E, St-Amour M, Levac E, Ramsay D. Cyclospora cayetanensis: a description of clinical aspects of an outbreak in Quebec, Canada. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 140(4): 626–632 Koru O, Araz E, Inci A, Tanyuksel M. Co-infection of Giardia intestinalis and Cyclospora cayetanensis in an immunocompetent patient with prolonged diarrhea: case report. J Microbiol 2006; 44 (3): 360–362 Chacín-Bonilla L. Transmission of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection: a review focusing on soil-borne cyclosporiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008; 102(3): 215–216 Galván AL, Magnet A, Izquierdo F, Fenoy S, Rueda C, Fernández Vadillo C, Henriques-Gil N, del Aguila C. Molecular characterization of human-pathogenic microsporidia and Cyclospora cayetanensis isolated from various water sources in Spain: a year-long longitudinal study. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79(2): 449–459 Ben Ayed L, Yang W, Widmer G, Cama V, Ortega Y, Xiao L. Survey and genetic characterization of wastewater in Tunisia for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Eimeria spp. J Water Health 2012; 10(3): 431–444 Chacín-Bonilla L, Barrios F, Sanchez Y. Epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in San Carlos Island, Venezuela: strong association between socio-economic status and infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101(10): 1018–1024 Xing WL, Wu KW, Ling XY, Huang HC, Liu QZ, Zheng XY, Jin YG. Prevalence survey on Cyclospora cayetanensis in diarrhea cases in Wenzhou. Chin J Parasit Dis Control (Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi) 2002; 15(5): 320–321 (in Chinese) Wang KX, Li CP, Wang J, Tian Y. Cyclospora cayetanensis in Anhui, China. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8(6): 1144–1148 Zhang BX, Yu H, Zhang LL, Tao H, Li YZ, Li Y, Cao ZK, Bai ZM, He YQ. Prevalence survey on Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cryptosporidium ssp. in diarrhea cases in Yunnan Province. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis (Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi) 2002; 20(2): 106–108 (in Chinese) Berlin OG, Peter JB, Gagne C, Conteas CN, Ash LR. Autofluorescence and the detection of Cyclospora oocysts. Emerg Infect Dis 1998; 4(1): 127–128 Swarna SR, Madhavan R, Gomathi S, Yadav D. Chronic diarrhea due to Cyclospora spp. infection. Trop Parasitol 2013; 3(1): 85–86 Sulaiman IM, Ortega Y, Simpson S, Kerdahi K. Genetic characterization of human-pathogenic Cyclospora cayetanensis parasites from three endemic regions at the 18S ribosomal RNA locus. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 22: 229–234 Kimura K, Rai SK, Rai G, Insisiengmay S, Kawabata M, Karanis P, Uga S. Study on Cyclospora cayetanensis associated with diarrheal disease in Nepal and Loa PDR. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005; 36(6): 1371–1376 Gonçalves EM, Uemura IH, Castilho VL, Corbett CE. Retrospective study of the occurrence of Cyclospora cayetanensis at Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo Medical School, SP. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2005; 38(4): 326–330 Orozco-Mosqueda GE, Martínez-Loya OA, Ortega YR. Cyclospora cayetanensis in a pediatric hospital in Morelia, México. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91(3): 537–540 Hussein EM, El-Moamly AA, Mahmoud MA, Ateek NS. Wide genetic variations at 18S ribosomal RNA locus of Cyclospora cayetanensis isolated from Egyptian patients using high resolution melting curve. Parasitol Res 2016; 115(7): 2797–2806 Bern C, Kawai V, Vargas D, Rabke-Verani J,Williamson J, Chavez-Valdez R, Xiao L, Sulaiman I, Vivar A, Ticona E, Navincopa M, Cama V, Moura H, Secor WE, Visvesvara G, Gilman RH. The epidemiology of intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with HIV/ AIDS in Lima, Peru. J Infect Dis 2005; 191(10): 1658–1664 Madico G, McDonald J, Gilman RH, Cabrera L, Sterling CR. Epidemiology and treatment of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Peruvian children. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24(5): 977–981 Pieniazek NJ, Slemenda SB, da Silva AJ, Alfano EM, Arrowood MJ. PCR confirmation of infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis. Emerg Infect Dis 1996; 2(4): 357–359 Zhou Y, Lv B, Wang Q, Wang R, Jian F, Zhang L, Ning C, Fu K, Wang Y, Qi M, Yao H, Zhao J, Zhang X, Sun Y, Shi K, Arrowood MJ, Xiao L. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cyclospora cayetanensis, Henan, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17(10): 1887–1890 Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28(10): 2731–2739 Liu H, Shen Y, Yin J, Yuan Z, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Pan W, Hu Y, Cao J. Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon, Giardia and Cyclospora in diarrheal outpatients in China. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14(1): 25 Eberhard ML, da Silva AJ, Lilley BG, Pieniazek NJ. Morphologic and molecular characterization of new Cyclospora species from Ethiopian monkeys: C. cercopitheci sp.n., C. colobi sp.n., and C. papionis sp.n. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5(5): 651–658 Kaminsky RGLJ, Lagos J, Raudales Santos G, Urrutia S. Marked seasonality of Cyclospora cayetanensis infections: ten-year observation of hospital cases, Honduras. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16(1): 66 Bern C, Arrowood MJ, Eberhard M, Maguire JH, Pratdesaba R, Torres O, Gonzalez M. Cyclospora in Guatemala: further considerations. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40(2): 731–732 Bern C, Hernandez B, Lopez MB, Arrowood MJ, de Mejia MA, de Merida AM, Hightower AW, Venczel L, Herwaldt BL, Klein RE. Epidemiologic studies of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Guatemala. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5(6): 766–774 Alakpa GE, Clarke SC, Fagbenro-Beyioku AF. Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Lagos, Nigeria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9(7): 731–733 Lopez AS, Bendik JM, Alliance JY, Roberts JM, da Silva AJ, Moura IN, Arrowood MJ, Eberhard ML, Herwaldt BL. Epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis and other intestinal parasites in a community in Haiti. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41(5): 2047–2054 Abanyie F, Harvey RR, Harris JR,Wiegand RE, Gaul L, Desvignes-Kendrick M, Irvin K, Williams I, Hall RL, Herwaldt B, Gray EB, Qvarnstrom Y, Wise ME, Cantu V, Cantey PT, Bosch S, DA Silva AJ, Fields A, Bishop H, Wellman A, Beal J, Wilson N, Fiore AE, Tauxe R, Lance S, Slutsker L, Parise M; Multistate Cyclosporiasis Outbreak Investigation Team. 2013 multistate outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis infections associated with fresh produce: focus on the Texas investigations. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 143(16): 3451–3458 El Baidouri F, Diancourt L, Berry V, Chevenet F, Pratlong F, Marty P, Ravel C. Genetic structure and evolution of the Leishmania genus in Africa and Eurasia: what does MLSA tell us. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7(6): e2255 Li N, Xiao L, Cama VA, Ortega Y, Gilman RH, Guo M, Feng Y. Genetic recombination and Cryptosporidium hominis virulent subtype IbA10G2. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19(10): 1573–1582 Qvarnstrom Y, Wei-Pridgeon Y, Li W, Nascimento FS, Bishop HS, Herwaldt BL, Moss DM, Nayak V, Srinivasamoorthy G, Sheth M, Arrowood MJ. Draft genome sequences from Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts purified from a human stool sample. Genome Announc 2015; 3(6): e01324–e01315 Guo Y, Roellig DM, Li N, Tang K, Frace M, Ortega Y, Arrowood MJ, Feng Y, Qvarnstrom Y, Wang L, Moss DM, Zhang L, Xiao L. Multilocus sequence typing tool for Cyclospora cayetanensis. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22(8): 1464–1467 Cinar HN, Gopinath G, Jarvis K, Murphy HR. The complete mitochondrial genome of the foodborne parasitic pathogen Cyclospora cayetanensis. PLoS One 2015; 10(6): e0128645 Ogedengbe ME, Qvarnstrom Y, da Silva AJ, Arrowood MJ, Barta JR. A linear mitochondrial genome of Cyclospora cayetanensis (Eimeriidae, Eucoccidiorida, Coccidiasina, Apicomplexa) suggests the ancestral start position within mitochondrial genomes of eimeriid coccidia. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45(6): 361–365 Preston MD, Campino S, Assefa SA, Echeverry DF, Ocholla H, Amambua-Ngwa A, Stewart LB, Conway DJ, Borrmann S, Michon P, Zongo I, Ouédraogo JB, Djimde AA, Doumbo OK, Nosten F, Pain A, Bousema T, Drakeley CJ, Fairhurst RM, Sutherland CJ, Roper C, Clark TG. A barcode of organellar genome polymorphisms identifies the geographic origin of Plasmodium falciparum strains. Nat Commun 2014; 5: 4052