Current surgical options and outcomes for newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Yabrodi, 2017, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: from comfort care to long-term survival, Pediatr Res, 81, 142, 10.1038/pr.2016.194 Norwood, 1983, Physiologic repair of aortic atresia-hypoplastic left heart syndrome, N Engl J Med, 308, 23, 10.1056/NEJM198301063080106 Bautista-Hernandez, 2007, Coarctectomy reduces neoaortic arch obstruction in hypoplastic left heart syndrome, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 133, 1540, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.12.067 Hehir, 2008, Risk factors for interstage death after stage 1 reconstruction of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and variants, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 136, 94, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.12.012 Bautista-Hernandez, 2009, Preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to cardiac surgery in children with congenital heart disease, Ann Thorac Surg, 88, 1306, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.06.074 Mahle, 2018, Heart failure after the Norwood procedure: an analysis of the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, J Heart Lung Transplant, 37, 879, 10.1016/j.healun.2018.02.009 Mahle, 2001, Impact of prenatal diagnosis on survival and early neurologic morbidity in neonates with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Pediatrics, 107, 1277, 10.1542/peds.107.6.1277 Sivarajan, 2009, Impact of antenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome on the clinical presentation and surgical outcomes: the Australian experience, J Paediatr Child Health, 45, 112, 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2008.01438.x Verheijen, 2003, Prenatal diagnosis of the fetus with hypoplastic left heart syndrome management and outcome, Herz, 28, 250, 10.1007/s00059-003-2439-2 Maxwell, 1991, Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve in the fetus: a report of two cases, Br Heart J, 65, 256, 10.1136/hrt.65.5.256 Moon-Grady, 2015, International fetal cardiac intervention registry: a worldwide collaborative description and preliminary outcomes, J Am Coll Cardiol, 66, 388, 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.037 Freud, 2014, Fetal aortic valvuloplasty for evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome: postnatal outcomes of the first 100 patients, Circulation, 130, 638, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009032 Vida, 2007, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact or highly restrictive atrial septum: surgical experience from a single center, Ann Thorac Surg, 84, 581, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.04.017 Jantzen, 2017, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact or restrictive atrial septum: a report from the international fetal cardiac intervention registry, Circulation, 136, 1346, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025873 Agarwal, 2017, Incidence and management of thrombotic and thromboembolic complications following the norwood procedure: a systematic review, Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 23, 911, 10.1177/1076029616679506 Norwood, 1981, Experience with operations for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 82, 511, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)39288-8 Sano, 2004, Right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt in first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu, 7, 22, 10.1053/j.pcsu.2004.02.023 Bautista-Hernandez, 2011, Right ventricle and tricuspid valve function at midterm after the Fontan operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: impact of shunt type, Pediatr Cardiol, 32, 160, 10.1007/s00246-010-9835-1 Reinhartz, 2006, Homograft valved right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit as a modification of the Norwood procedure, Circulation, 114, I594 Bentham, 2015, A reinforced right-ventricle-to-pulmonary-artery conduit for the stage-1 Norwood procedure improves pulmonary artery growth, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 149, 1502, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.02.046 Barron, 2009, The Norwood procedure using a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit: comparison of the right-sided versus left-sided conduit position, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 138, 528, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.05.004 Andersen, 2017, Comparison of right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt position in the Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 153, 1490, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.104 Ohye, 2010, Comparison of shunt types in the Norwood procedure for single-ventricle lesions, N Engl J Med, 362, 1980, 10.1056/NEJMoa0912461 Newburger, 2014, Transplantation-free survival and interventions at 3 years in the single ventricle reconstruction trial, Circulation, 129, 2013, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006191 Newburger, 2018, Transplant-free survival and interventions at 6 years in the RVS trial, Circulation, 137, 2246, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029375 Fraser, 1995, Modified Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Ann Thorac Surg., 60, S546, 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00848-9 Vitanova, 2017, Recoarctation after Norwood I procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: impact of patch material, Ann Thorac Surg, 103, 617, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.10.030 Hill, 2013, Intervention for recoarctation in the single ventricle reconstruction trial: incidence, risk, and outcomes, Circulation, 128, 954, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000488 Bautista-Hernandez, 2014, Mechanisms of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing tricuspid valvuloplasty, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 148, 832, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.06.044 Ghanayem, 2012, Interstage mortality after the Norwood procedure: Results of the multicenter Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 144, 896, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.05.020 Gibbs, 1992, Stenting of the arterial duct: a new approach to palliation for pulmonary atresia, Br Heart J, 67, 240, 10.1136/hrt.67.3.240 Ruiz, 1993, Brief report: stenting of the ductus arteriosus as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in infants with the hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, N Engl J Med., 328, 1605, 10.1056/NEJM199306033282205 Gibbs, 1993, Stenting of the arterial duct combined with banding of the pulmonary arteries and atrial septectomy or septostomy: a new approach to palliation for the hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Br Heart J., 69, 551, 10.1136/hrt.69.6.551 Stoica, 2009, The retrograde aortic arch in the hybrid approach to hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Ann Thorac Surg., 88, 1939, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.06.115 Baba, 2013, “Reverse Blalock-Taussig shunt”: application in single ventricle hybrid palliation, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 146, 352, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.029 Chan, 2017, Interstage somatic growth in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after initial palliation with the hybrid procedure, Cardiol Young, 27, 131, 10.1017/S104795111600024X Galantowicz, 2008, Hybrid approach for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: intermediate results after the learning curve, Ann Thorac Surg, 85, 2063, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.02.009 Yerebakan, 2015, Long-term results of biventricular repair after initial Giessen hybrid approach for hypoplastic left heart variants, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 149, 1112, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.09.028 Wilder, 2017, Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Is a hybrid strategy a lower-risk alternative to stage 1 Norwood operation?, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 153, 163, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021 Cao, 2018, Early outcomes of hypoplastic left heart syndrome infants: meta-analysis of studies comparing the hybrid and Norwood procedures, World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg, 9, 224, 10.1177/2150135117752896 Mascio, 2019, Thirty years and 1663 consecutive Norwood procedures: Has survival plateaued?, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 158, 220, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.12.117 Cao, 2018, Long term survival of hypoplastic left heart syndrome infants: Meta-analysis comparing outcomes from the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt and the right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt, Int J Cardiol., 254, 107, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.10.040 Bailey, 1993, Bless the babies: one hundred fifteen late survivors of heart transplantation during the first year of life. The Loma Linda University Pediatric Heart Transplant Group, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 105, 805, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)34154-6 Chiavarelli, 1993, Cardiac transplantation for infants with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, JAMA, 270, 2944, 10.1001/jama.1993.03510240056032 Alsoufi, 2016, Outcomes of heart transplantation in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome previously palliated with the Norwood procedure, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 151, 167, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.081