Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Các mô hình hiện tại để hiểu sự khởi phát và tiến triển của các dị dạng vẹo cột sống ở bệnh nhân vẹo cột sống vô căn ở tuổi thanh thiếu niên: Một đánh giá có hệ thống
Tóm tắt
Để tạo ra một cái nhìn tổng quan cập nhật và toàn diện về các nghiên cứu mô hình đã được thực hiện nhằm hiểu cơ chế cơ học liên quan đến các dị dạng của vẹo cột sống vô căn ở thanh thiếu niên (AIS), dự đoán nguy cơ tiến triển độ cong và từ đó củng cố các lý thuyết về nguyên nhân sinh bệnh. Trong đánh giá có hệ thống này, một tìm kiếm trực tuyến trong Scopus và PubMed cùng với phân tích các tài liệu tham khảo thứ cấp đã được thực hiện, dẫn đến 86 nghiên cứu. Các loại mô hình được chiết xuất và các nghiên cứu được phân loại tương ứng. Mô hình động vật, cùng với mô hình học máy, tạo thành danh mục các mô hình hộp đen. Danh mục này được coi là có liên quan nhất về mặt lâm sàng. Trong khi các mô hình động vật cung cấp ý tưởng cụ thể về tác động cơ học trong các dị dạng vẹo cột sống, mô hình học máy được phát hiện là dự đoán tốt nhất cho sự tiến triển độ cong. Danh mục thứ hai, đó là các mô hình nhân tạo, cũng giống như mô hình động vật, có một mô hình cụ thể như là kết quả, nhưng tập trung nhiều hơn vào quá trình cơ học của dị dạng vẹo cột sống. Danh mục thứ ba được hình thành bởi các mô hình tính toán, rất phổ biến trong các nghiên cứu dựa trên các tham số nguyên nhân sinh bệnh. Chúng cũng là những mô hình tốt nhất trong việc tính toán áp lực và biến dạng trên đốt sống, đĩa đệm giữa các đốt sống, và các mô mềm xung quanh khác. Nghiên cứu này trình bày một cái nhìn tổng quan toàn diện về các kỹ thuật mô hình hiện tại để hiểu cơ chế của các dị dạng vẹo cột sống, dự đoán nguy cơ tiến triển độ cong trong AIS và từ đó củng cố các lý thuyết về nguyên nhân sinh bệnh. Mặc dù AIS vẫn được xem là một vấn đề phức tạp và đa yếu tố, sự tiến triển của dị dạng này có thể được dự đoán với độ chính xác tốt. Mô hình hóa AIS phát triển nhanh chóng và có thể dẫn đến việc xác định các yếu tố nguy cơ và các chiến lược giảm thiểu trong tương lai gần. Cái nhìn tổng quan được trình bày cung cấp một cơ sở để theo dõi sự phát triển này.
Từ khóa
#vẹo cột sống #vẹo cột sống vô căn #mô hình hóa #học máy #cơ học #tiến triểnTài liệu tham khảo
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