Crustacean endocrine toxicology: a review

Abdu UP, Takac P, Laufer H, Sagi A (1998) Effect of methyl farnesoate on late larval development and metamorphosis in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae): A juvenoid-like effect? Biol Bull 195:112–119 Aguilar MB, Quackenbush LS, Hunt DT, Shabanowitz J, Huberman A (1992) Identification, purification and initial characterization of the vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone from the Mexican crayfish Procambarus bouvieri (Ortmann). Comp Biochem Physiol 102B:491–498 Andersen HR, Wollenberger L, Halling-Sorensen B, Kusk KO (2001) Development of copepod nauplii to copepodites—a parameter for chronic toxicity including endocrine disruption. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:2821–2829 Baker KD, Warren JT, Thummel CS, Gilbert LI, Mangelsdorf DJ (2000) Transcriptional activation of the Drosophila ecdysone receptor by insect and plant ecdysteroids. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 30:1037–1043 Baldwin WS, Bailey R, Long KE, Klaine S (2001) Incomplete ecdysis is an indicator of ecdysteroid exposure in Daphnia magna. Environ Toxcol Chem 20:1564–1569 Baldwin WS, Milam DL, LeBlanc GA (1995) Physiological and biochemical perturbation in Daphnia magna following exposure to the model environmental estrogen diethylstilbestrol. Environ Toxicol Chem 14:945–952 Banta AM, Wood TR, Brown LA, Ingle L (1939) Studies on the physiology, genetics, and evolution of some Cladocera. Carnegie Institute, Washington DC Barker DM, Hebert PDN (1986) Secondary sex ratio of the cyclic parthenogen Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Canadian Arctic. Can J Zool 64:1137–1143 Barnes RD (1987) Invertebrate zoology. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, PA Beltz BS (1988) Crustacean neurohormones. In: Laufer H, Downer RGH (eds) Endocrinology of selected invertebrate types. Alan R. Liss Inc., New York, pp 235–258 Besson MT, Chareyre P, Deleage G, Demont J, Quennedey B, Courrent A, Fourche JGB (1996) Isolation and characterization of Urbain, a 20-hydroxyecdysone-inducible gene expressed during morphogenesis of Bombyx mori wing imaginal discs. Rouxs Arch Devel Biol 205:333–343 Bowen ST, Hanson J (1962) Gynandromorph of brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Genetics 47:227–230 Brusca RC, Brusca GJ (2003) Invertebrates. Sinauer Assoc. Inc., Sunderland, MA Celestial DM, McKenney C (1994) The influence of an insect growth regulator on the larval development of the mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrissi. Environ Pollut 85:169–173 Chace FA, Moore GM (1959) A bicolored gynandromorph of the lobster, Homarus americanus. Biol Bull 116:226–231 Chang ES (1985) Hormonal control of molting in decapod crustacea. Am Zool 25:179–185 Chang ES, Prestwich GD, Bruce MJ (1990) Amino acid sequence of a peptide with both molt-inhibiting and hyperglycemic activities in the lobster, Homarus americanus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 171:818–826 Charmantier G, Charmantier-Daures M, Aiken DE (1988) Larval development and metamorphosis of the American lobster Homarus americanus (Crustacea, Decapoda): effect of eyestalk ablation and juvenile hormone injection. Gen Comp Endocrinol 70:319–333 Chawla A, Repa JJ, Evans RM, Mangelsdorf DJ (2001) Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files. Science 294:1866–1870 Chen SH, Lin CY, Kuo CM (2005) In silico analysis of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family. Mar Biotechnol 7:193–206 Chen YN, Fan HF, Hsieh SL, Kuo CM (2003) Physiological involvement of DA in ovarian development of the freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 228:383–395 Christiansen ME, Costlow JD, Monroe RJ (1977a) Effects of the JH mimic ZR-512 (Altozar) on larval development of the mud-crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii at various cyclic temperatures. Mar Biol 39:281–288 Christiansen ME, Costlow JD, Monroe RJ (1977b) Effect of the JH mimic ZR-515 (Altosid) on larval development of the mud-crab Rhithropanopeus harrissii in various salinities and cyclic temperatures. Mar Biol 39:269–279 Chung ACK, Durica DS, Clifton SW, Roe BA, Hopkins PM (1998) Cloning of crustacean ecdysteroid receptor and retinoid-X receptor gene homologs and elevation of retinoid-X receptor mRNA by retinoic acid. Mol Cell Endocrinol 139:209–227 Clare AS, Rittschof D, Costlow JD Jr (1992) Effects of the nonsteroidal ecdysone mimic RH 5849 on larval crustaceans. J Exp Zool 262:436–440 Colborn T, Clement C (eds) (1992) Chemically-induced alterations in sexual and functional development: the wildlife/human connection. Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Princeton, NJ Cripe GM, McKenney CL, Hoglund MD, Harris PS (2003) Effects of fenoxycarb exposure on complete larval development of the xanthid crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii. Environ Pollut 125:295–299 Davey KG (2000) The modes of action of juvenile hormones: some questions we ought to ask. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 30:663–669 Dinan L, Bourne P, Whiting P, Dhadialla TS, Hutchinson TH (2001) Screening of environmental contaminants for ecdysteroid agonist and antagonist activity using the Drosophila melanogaster B11 cell in vitro assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:2038–2046 Dodson SI, Merritt CM, Torrentera L, Winter KM, Tornehl CK, Girvin K (1999) Dieldrin reduces male production and sex ratio in Daphnia galeata mendotae. Toxicol Ind Health 15:192–199 Dunn AM, Adams J, Smith JE (1994) Intersexuality in the crustacean Gammarus duebeni. Invert Reprod Devel 25:139–142 Dunn AM, Terry RS, Smith JE (2001) Transovarial transmission in the microsporidia. Adv Parasitol 48:57–100 Durica DS, Hopkins PM (1996) Expression of the genes encoding the ecdysteroid and retinoid receptors in regenerating limb tissues from the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. Gene 171:237–241 Durica DS, Wu X, Anilkumar G, Hopkins PM, Chung AC-K (2002) Characterization of crab EcR and RXR homologs and expression during limb regeneration and oocyte maturation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 189:59–76 El Haj AJ, Tamone SL, Peake M, Sreenivasula Reddy P, Chang ES (1997) An ecdysteroid-responsive gene in a lobster—a potential crustacean member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Gene 201:127–135 Farfante IP (1978) Intersex anomalies in shrimp of the genus Penaeopsis (Crustacea: Penaeidae). US Nat Mar Fish Serv Fish Bull 76:687–691 ffrench-Constant RH, Daborn PJ, Le Goff G (2004) The genetics and genomics of insecticide resistance. Trends Genet 20:163–170 Fingerman M, Hanumante MM, Deshpande UD, Nagabhushanam R (1981) Increase in the total reducing substances in the hemolymph of the freshwater crab, Barytelphusa guerini, produced by a pesticide (DDT) and an indolealkylamine (serotonin). Experimentia 37:178–179 Fingerman M, Jackson NC, Nagabhushanam R (1998) Hormonally-regulated functions in crustaceans as biomarkers of environmental pollution. Comp Biochem Physiol 120C:343–350 Fisk GJ, Thummel CS (1995) Isolation, regulation, and DNA-binding properties of three Drosophila nuclear hormone receptor superfamily members. Proc Nat Acad Sci 92:7966–7970 Ford AT, Rodgers-Gray TP, Davies IM, Dunn AM, Read PA, Robinson CD, Smith JE, Fernandes TF (2005) Abnormal gonadal morphology in intersex, Echinogammarus marinus (Amphipoda): a possible cause of reduced fecundity? Mar Biol 147:913–918 Gagne F, Blaise C (2004) Shell protein characteristics and vitellogenin-like protein in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana exposed to municipal effluent and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Comp Biochem Physiol 138C:515–522 Gagne F, Blaise C, Pellerin J (2004) Altered exoskeleton composition and vitellogenesis in the crustacean Gammarus sp. collected at polluted sites in the Saguenay Fjord, QC, Canada. Environ Res 98:89–99 Gajewski M, Leitz T, Schlossherr J, Plickert G (1996) LWamides from Cnidaria constitute a novel family of neuropeptides with morphogenetic activity. Wilh. Roux Arch Dev Biol 205:232–242 Galil B, Tom M (1990) Histology and external morphology of a gynandromorph of Quadrella coronata data (Decapoda, Trapeziidae). J Crust Biol 10:112–113 Ghekiere A, Verslycke T, Janssen CR (2006) Effects of methoprene, nonylphenoland estrone on the vitellogenesis of the mysid Neomysis integer. Gen Comp Endocrinol 147:190–195 Ginsburger VT (1991) Intersexuality in Orchestia mediterranea Costa, 1853, and Orchestia aestuarensis Wildish, 1987) (Amphipoda)—a consequence of hybridization or parasitic infestation. J Crust Biol 11:530–539 Gomez ED, Faulkner DJ, Newman WA, Ireland C (1973) Juvenile hormone mimics: effect on cirriped crustacean metamorphosis. Science 179:813–814 Gorr TA, Rider CV, Wang HY, Olmstead AW, LeBlanc GA (2006) A candidate juvenoid receptor cis-element in the Daphnia magna hb2 hemoglobin gene promoter. Mol Cell Endocrinol 247:91–102 Gross MY, Maycock DS, Thorndyke MC, Morritt D, Crane M (2001) Abnormalities in sexual development of the amphipod Gammarus pulex (L.) found below sewage treatment works. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1792–1797 Gunamalai V, Kirubagaran R, Subramoniam T (2004) Hormonal coordination of molting and female reproduction by ecdysteroids in the mole crab Emerita asiatica (Milne Edwards). Gen Comp Endocrinol 138:128–138 Harmon MA, Boehm MF, Heyman RA, Mangelsdorf DJ (1995) Activation of mammalian retinoid X receptors by the insect growth regulator methoprene. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 92:6157–6160 Hastings MH (1981) Intersex specimens of the amphipod, Ampelisca brevicornis (Costa). Crustaceana 41:199–205 Hebert PDN (1978) The population biology of Daphnia (Crustacea, Daphnidae). Biol Rev 53:387–426 Hobaek A, Larsson P (1990) Sex determination in Daphnia magna. Ecology 71:2255–2268 Hopkins PM (2001) Limb regeneration in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator: hormonal and growth factor control. Am Zool 41:389–398 Hopkins PM, Durica DS (1995) Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on regenerating limbs of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. J Exp Zool 272:455–463 Hou X, Bergstrom J (1997) Arthropods of the lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China. Fossils Strata 45:1–116 Huberman A (2000) Shrimp endocrinology. A review. Aquaculture 2000:191–208 Huet M, Paulet YM, LePennec M (1996) Survival of Nucella lapillus in a tributyltin polluted area in west Brittany: a further example of a male genital defect (Dumpton syndrome) favouring survival. Mar Biol 125:543–549 Ivanov BG, Sokolov VI (1997) Abnormalities in development of secondary sexual characters in the deepwater prawn Pandalus borealis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae). Zool Zh 76:133–141 Jayasankar V, Tsutsui N, Jasmani S, Saido-Sakanaka H, Yang WJ, Okuno A, Hien TTT, Aida K, Wilder MN (2002) Dynamics of vitellogenin mRNA expression and changes in hemolymph vitellogenin levels during ovarian maturation in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Exp Zool 293:675–682 Johnson PT, Otto SV (1981) Histology of a bilateral gynandromorph of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun (Decapoda, Portunidae). Biol Bull 161:236–245 Jones G, Jones D (2000) Considerations on the structural evidence of a ligand-binding function of ultraspiracle, an insect homolog of vertebrate RXR. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 30:671–679 Jones G, Sharp PA (1997) Ultraspiracle: an invertebrate nuclear receptor for juvenile hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:13499–13503 Jones G, Wozniak M, Chu YX, Dhar S, Jones D (2001) Juvenile hormone III-dependent conformational changes of the nuclear receptor ultraspiracle. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 32:33–49 Jungmann D, Ladewig V, Ludwichowski KU, Petzsch P, Nagel R (2004) Intersexuality in Gammarus fossarum KOCH—a common inducibe phenomenon? Archiv Hydrobiol 159:511–529 Kalavathy T, Mamatha P, Sreenivasula Reddy P (1999) Methyl farnesoate stimulates testicular growth in the freshwater crab Oziotelphusa senex senes fabricius. Naturwissenschaften 86:394–395 Kast-Hutcheson K, Rider CV, LeBlanc GA (2001) The fungicide propiconazole interferes with embryonic development of the crustacean Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:502–509 Keller R, Sedlmeier D (1988) A metabolic hormone in crustaceans: the hyperglycemic neuropeptide. In: Laufer H, Downer RGH (eds) Endocrinology of selected invertebrate types. Alan R. Liss Inc., New York, pp 315–325 Kelly A, Hatche MJ, Dunn AM (2004) Intersexuality in the amphipod Gammarus duebeni results from incomplete feminisation by the vertically transmitted parasitic sex ratio distorter Nosema granulosis. Evol Ecol 18:121–132 Kim H-W, Lee SG, Mykles DL (2005) Ecdysteroid-responsive genes, RXR and E75, in the tropical land crab, Becarcinus lateralis: Differential tissue expression of multiple RXR isoforms generated at three alternative splicing sites in the hinge and ligand-binding domains. Mol Cell Endocrinol 242:80–95 Kim K, Kotov AA, Taylor DJ (2006) Hormonal induction of undescribed males resolves cryptic species of cladocerans. Proc R Soc B 273:141–147 Koenemann S, Jenner RA (eds) (2005) Crustacea and arthropod relationships. CRC Taylor and Francis, New York Korczynski RE (1988) Additional records on intersexuality in the Isopod Mesidotea sibirica. Can J Zool 66:1896–1898 Kostrouch Z, Kostrouchova M, Love W, Jannini E, Piatigorsky J, Rall JE (1998) Retinoid acid X receptor in the diploblast, Tripedalia cystophora. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13442–13447 Kozlova T, Pokholkova GV, Tzertzinis G, Sutherland JD, Shimulev IF, Kafatos FC (1998) Drosophila hormone receptor 38 functions in metamorphosis: a role in adult cuticle formation. Genetics 149:1465–1475 Kusk OK, Wollenberger L (2006) Towards an internationally harmonised test method for reproductive and developmental effects of endocrine disrupters in marine copepods. Ecotoxicology, DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0112-2 Ladewig V, Jungmann D, Koehler A, Schirling M, Triebskorn R, Nagel R (2002) Intersexuality in Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1835 (Amphipoda). Crustaceana 75:1289–1299 Laufer H, Biggers WJ (2001) Unifying concepts learned from methyl farnesoate for invertebrate reproduction and post-embryonic development. Am Zool 41:442–457 Laufer H, Biggers WJ, Ahl JSB (1998) Stimulation of ovarian maturation in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii by methyl farnesoate. Gen Comp Endocrinol 111:113–118 Laufer H, Demir N, Pan XJ, Stuart JD, Ahl JSB (2005) Methyl farnesoate controls adult male morphogenesis in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. J Insect Physiol 51:379–384 Laufer H, Sagi AAhl JSB (1994) Alternate mating strategies of polymorphic males of Libinia emarginata appear to depend on methyl farnesoate. Invert Reprod Dev 26:41–44 LeBlanc GA (1999) Steroid hormone-regulated processes in invertebrates and their susceptibility to environmental endocrine disruption. In: Guillette LJ, Crain DA (eds) Environmental endocrine disrupters: an evolutionary perspective. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 126–154 LeBlanc GA (2003) Endocrine toxicology. In: Hodgson E (ed) Modern toxicology. Appleton & Lange, Stamford, CT LeBlanc GA, Cambell PM, den Besten P, Brown RP, Chang E, Coats J, deFur PL, Dhaldialla T, Edwards J, Riddiford LM, Simpson M, Snell T, Thorndyke M, Matsumura F (1999) The endocrinology of invertebrates. In: deFur PL, Crane M, Ingersoll C, Tattersfield L (eds) Endocrine disruption in invertebrates: endocrinology, testing, and assessment. SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, pp 23–106 LeBlanc GA, Mu X, Rider CV (2000) Embryotoxicity of the alkylphenol degradation product 4-nonylphenol to the crustacean Daphnia magna. Environ Health Perspect 108:1133–1138 Mak ASC, Choi CL, Tiu SHK, Hui JHL, He JG, Tobe SS, Chan SM (2005) Vitellogenesis in the red crab Charybdis feriatus: Hepatopancreas-specific expression and farnesoic acid stimulation of vitellogenin gene expression. Mol Reprod Dev 70:288–300 Maki A, Sawatsubashi S, Ito S, Shirode Y, Suzuki E, Zhao Y, Yamagata K, Kouzmenko A, Takeyama E, Kato S (2004) Juvenile hormones antagonize ecdysone actions through co-repressor recruitment to EcR/USP heterodimers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 320:262–267 Mangelsdorf DJ, Evans RM (1995) The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell 83:841–850 Martin G, Juchault P (1999) Androgenic hormone specificity in terrestrial isopods (oniscidea): systematic involvements. J Crust Biol 19:684–689 McKenney CL (2005) The influence of insect juvenile hormone agonists on metamorphosis and reproduction in estuarine crustaceans. Integr Comp Biol 45:95–105 McKenney CL, Celestial DM (1993) Variations in larval growth and metabolism of an estuarine shrimp Palaemonetes pugio during toxicosis by an insect growth regulator. Comp Biochem Physiol 105C:239–245 Meinke G, Sigler PB (1999) DNA-binding mechanism of the monomeric orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B. Nat Struct Biol 6:471–477 Micheli F (1991) Bilateral gynandromorph of the fresh water crab Potamon fluviatile Herbst (Decapoda, Brachyura). J Crust Biol 11:561–568 Mitchell SE (2001) Intersex and male development in Daphnia magna. Hydrobiologia 442:145–156 Moore CG, Stevenson JM (1991) The occurrence of intersexuality in harpacticoid copepods and its relationship with pollution. Mar Pollut Bull 22:72–74 Moore CG, Stevenson JM (1994) Intersexuality in benthic harpacticoid copepods in the Firth of Forth, Scotland. J Nat Hist 28:1213–1230 Moriyasu M, Mallet P, Comeau M, Benhalima K, Ghica O (1988) Occurrence of pseudohermaphroditism in the rock crab, Cancer irroratus Say, 1817, in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada (Decapoda, Brachyura). Crustaceana 71:655–662 Mu X, LeBlanc GA (2002a) Developmental toxicity of testosterone in the crustacean Daphnia magna involves anti-ecdysteroidal activity. Gen Comp Endocrinol 129:127–133 Mu X, LeBlanc GA (2002b) Environmental antiecdysteroids alter embryo development in the crustacean Daphnia magna. J Exp Zool 292:287–292 Mu X, LeBlanc GA (2004a) Cross communication between signaling pathways: juvenoid hormones modulate ecdysteroid activity in a crustacean. J Exp Zool 301A:793–801 Mu X, LeBlanc GA (2004b) Synergistic interaction of endocrine disrupting chemicals: model development using an ecdysone receptor antagonist and a hormone synthesis inhibitor. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1085–1091 Mu X, Rider CV, Hwang GP, Hoy H, LeBlanc GA (2005) Covert signal disruption: anti-ecdysteroidal activity of bisphenol A involves cross-talk between signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:146–152 Nagabhushanam R, Kulkarni GK (1981) Freshwater palaemonid prawn Macrobrachium kistnensis: effect of heavy metal pollutants. Proc Indian Nat Sci Acad 47B:380–386 Nakanishi K, Koreeda M, Saski S, Chang ML, Hsu HY (1966) Insect hormones. The structure of ponasterone A, and insect-moulting hormone from the leaves of the Podocarpus nakaii hay. Chem Commun 24:915–917 NIEHS (2002) In vitro endocrine disruptors final background review documents. Appendix D1 (http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/methods/endodocs/ed_brd.htm) Oda S, Tatarazako N, Watanabe H, Moriata M, Iguchi T (2005a) Production of male neonates in four cladoceran species exposed to a juvenile hormone analog, fenoxycarb. Chemosphere 60:74–78 Oda S, Tatarazako N, Watanabe H, Morita M, Iguchi T (2005b) Production of male neonates in Daphnia magna (Cladocera, Crustacea) exposed to juvenile hormones and their analogs. Chemosphere 61:1168–1174 Ohira T, Hasegawa Y, Tominaga S, Okuno A (2003) Molecular cloning and expression analysis of cDNAs encoding androgenic gland hormone precursors from two Porcellionidae species, Porcellio scaber and P. dilatatus. Zool Sci 20:75–81 Okuno A, Hasegawa Y, Ohira T, Katakura Y, Nagasawa H (1999) Characterization and cDNA cloning of androgenic gland hormone of the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 264:419–423 Olmstead AW, LeBlanc GA (2002) The juvenoid hormone methyl farnesoate is a sex determinant in the crustacean Daphnia magna. J Exp Zool 293:736–739 Olmstead AW, LeBlanc GA (2003) Insecticidal juvenile hormone analogs stimulate the production of male offspring in the crustacean Daphnia magna. Environ Health Perspect 111:919–924 Palmer BD, Huth LK, Pieto DL, Selcer KW (1998) Vitellogenin as a biomarker for xenobiotic estrogens in an amphibian model system. Environ Toxcol Chem 17:30–36 Pinn EH, Atkinson RJA, Rogerson A (2001) Sexual dimorphism and intersexuality in Upogebia stellata (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea). J Mar Biol Assoc UK 81:1061–1062 Pratoomchat B, Sawangwong P, Pakkong P, Machado J (2002) Organic and inorganic compound variations in haemolymph, epidermal tissue and cuticle over the molt cycle in Scylla serrata (Decapoda). Comp Biochem Physiol 131A:243–255 Quackenbush LS (1992) Yolk synthesis in the marine shrimp, Penaeus-vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol A 103:711–714 Reddy PS, Devi M, Sarojini R, Nagabhushanam R, Fingerman M (1994) Cadmium chloride induced hyperglycemia in the red swamp crayfish. Comp Biochem Physiol 107C:57–61 Reddy PS, Ktyayani RV, Fingerman M (1996) Cadmium and naphthalene-induced hyperglycemia in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator: differential modes of action o the neuroendocrine system. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 56:425–431 Reddy PS, Ramamurthi R (1998) Methyl farnesoate stimulates ovarian maturation in freshwater crab Oziotelphusa senex senex Fabricius. Curr Sci 74:68–70 Rider CV, Gorr TA, Olmstead AW, Wasilak BA, LeBlanc GA (2005) Stress signaling: co-regulation of hemoglobin and male sex determination through a terpenoid signaling pathway in a crustacean. J Exp Biol 208:15–23 Rigaud T (1997) Inherited microorganisms and sex determination of arthropod hosts. In: O’Neill SL, Hoffman AA, Werren JH (eds) Influential passengers: inherited microorganisms and arthropod reproduction. Oxford Univeristy Press, Oxford, pp 81–101 Rigaud T, Moreau J (2004) A cost of Wolbachia-induced sex reversal and female biased sex-ratios: decrease in female fertility after sperm depletion in a terrestrial isopod. Proc R Soc Lond B 271:1941–1946 Rodgers-Gray TP, Smith JE, Ashcroft AE, Isaac RE, Dunn AM (2004) Mechanisms of parasite-induced sex reversal in Gammarus duebeni. Int J Parasit 34:747–753 Rodriguez EM, Greco LSL, Medesani DA, Laufer H, Fingerman M (2002) Effect of methyl farnesoate, alone and in combination with other hormones, on ovarian growth of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, during vitellogenesis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 125:34–40 Ronis MJJ, Celander M, Badger TM (1998) Cytochrome P450 enzymes in the kidney of the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus): induction and inhibition by ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting fungicides. Comp Biochem Physiol 121C:221–229 Rudolph E, Verdi A, Tapia J (2001) Intersexuality in the burrowing crayfish Parastacus varicosus Faxon, 1898 (Decapoda, Parastacidae) Crustaceana 74:27–37 Rudolph EH (2002) New records of intersexuality in the freshwater crayfish Samastacus spinifrons (Decapoda, parastacidae). J Crust Biol 22:377–389 Sagi A, Khalaila I (2001) The crustacean androgen: a hormone in an isopod and androgenic activity in decapods. Am Zool 41:77–484 Sagi A, Manor R, Segall C, Davis C, Khalaila I (2002) On intersexuality in the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus: an inducible sexual plasticity model. Invert Reprod Dev 41:27–33 Sassaman C, Fugate M (1997) Gynandromorphism in anostraca: multiple mechanisms of origin. Hydrobiologia 359:163–169 Segner H, Caroll K, Fenske M, Janssen CR, Maack G, Pascoe D, Schafers C, Vandenberg GF, Watts M, Wenzel A (2003) Identification of endocrine-disrupting effects in aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates: report from the European IDEA project. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 54:302–314 Shurin JB, Dodson SI (1997) Sublethal toxic effects of cyanobacteria and nonylphenol on environmental sex determination and development. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:1269–1276 Sillett KB, Stemberger RS (1998) Masculinized females in a population of Leptodiaptomus minutus (Copepoda, calanoida). Can J Zool 76:596–600 Smith DG (2001) Pennak’s freshwater invertebrates of the United States. Wiley Inc., New York Smith PA, Clare AS, Rees HH, Prescott MC, Wainwright G, Thorndyke MC (2000) Identification of methyl farnesoate in the cypris larva of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, and its role as a juvenile hormone. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 30:885–890 Souty C, Besse G, Picaud JL (1982) Ecdysone stimulates the rate of vitellogenin release in hemolymph of the terrestrial crustacean isopoda Porcellio dilatatus. C R Acad Sci Ser III 294:1057–1059 Soutygrosset C, Juchault P (1987) Synthesis of vitellogenin in itersex males of the crustacean isopod oniscoid Armadillium vulgare Latreille. Gen Comp Endocrinol 66:163–170 Spence SK, Bryan GW, Gibbs PE, Masters D, Morris L, Hawkins SJ (1990) Effects of TBT contamination on Nucella populations. Funct Ecol 4:425–432 Stehlin-Gaon C, Willmann D, Zeyer D, Sanglier S, Van Dorsselaer A, Renaud JP, Moras D, Schule R (2003) All-trans retinoid acid is a ligand for the orphan nuclear receptor ROR beta. Nat Struct Biol 10:820–825 Subramoniam T (2000) Crustacean ecdysteroids in reproduction and embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C 125:135–156 Suzuki S (1999) Androgenic gland hormone is a sex-reversing factor but cannot be a sex-determining factor in the female crustacean isopods Armadillidium vulgare. Gen Comp Endocrinol 115:370–378 Suzuki S, Yamasaki K (1997b) Sexual bipotentiality of developing ovaries in the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare (Malacostraca, Crustacea). Gen Comp Endocrin 107:136–146 Suzuki S, Yamasaki K, Fujita T, Mamiya Y, Sonobe H (1996) Ovarian and hemolymph ecdysteroids in the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare (Malacostracan Crustacea). Gen Comp Endocrinol 104:129–138 Suzuki S, Yamasaki K, Katakura Y (1990) Vitellogenin synthesis in andrectomized males of the terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare (Malacostracan Crustacea). Gen Comp Endocrinol 77:283–291 Tabin CJ (1991) Retinoids, homeoboxes, and growth factors: toward molecular models for limb development. Cell 66:199–217 Tatarazako N, Oda S (2006) The water flea Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) as a test species for screening and evaluation of chemicals with endocrine disrupting effects on crustaceans. Ecotoxicology, DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0120-2 Tatarazako N, Oda S, Watanabe H, Morita M, Iguchi T (2003) Juvenile hormone agonists affect the occurrence of male Daphnia. Chemosphere 53:827–833 Taylor DM (1986) A bilateral gynandromorph of the snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, from NL, Canada. Crustaceana 51:309–312 Taylor DM, Okeffe PG, Fitzpatrick C (1994) A snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio (Decapod, Majidae), fishery collapse in Newfoundland. Fish Bull 92:412–419 Tensen CP, Janssen KPC, van Herp R (1989) Isolation, characterization and physiological specificity of the crustacean hyperglycemic factors from the sinus gland of the lobster Homarus americanus (Milne-Edwards). Invert Reprod Dev 16:155–164 Terry RS, Smith JE, Dunn AM (1998) Impact of a novel, feminising microsporidium on its crustacean host. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45:497–501 Thornton JW, Need E, Crews D (2003) Resurrecting the ancestral steroid receptor: ancient origin of estrogen signaling. Science 301:1714–1717 Tseng DY, Chen YN, Liu KF, Kou GH, Lo CF, Kuo CM (2002) Hepatopancreas and ovary are sites of vitellogenin synthesis as determined from partial cDNA encoding of vitellogenin in the marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Invert Reprod Dev 42:137–143 Tsuzuki S, Iwami M, Sakurai S (2001) Ecdysteroid-inducible genes in the programmed cell death during insect metamorphosis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 31:321–331 Turra A (2004) Intersexuality in hermit crabs: reproductive role and fate of gonopores in intersex individuals. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 84:757–759 Verslycke T, Fockedey N, McKenney CL, Roast SD, Jones MB, MeesJ, Janssen CR (2004) Mysids as potential test organisms for the evaluation of environmental endocrine disruption: a review. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1219–1234 Verslycke T, Ghekiere A, Raimondo S, Janssen CR (2006) Mysid crustaceans as standard models for the screening and testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Ecotoxicology, DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0122-0 Vogel JM, Borst DW (1989) Spider crab yolk protein: molecular characterization and the effects of methyl farnesoate (MF) on its hemolymph levels. Am Zool 29:49A Wang HY, Olmstead AW, Li H, LeBlanc GA (2005) The screening of chemicals for juvenoid-related endocrine activity using the water flea Daphnia magna. Aquat Toxicol 74:193–204 Wang YH, Wang G, LeBlanc GA (2006) Cloning and characterization of the retinoid X receptor from a primitive crustacean Daphnia magna. Gen Comp Endocrinol (in press). www.sciencedirect.com Williams DR, Fisher MJ, Rees HH (2000) Characterization of ecysteroid 26-hydroxylase: an enzyme involved in molting hormone inactivation. Arch Biochem Biophys 376:389–398 Xu Y, Fang F, Chu Y, Jones D, Jones G (2002) Activation of transcription through the ligand-binding pocket of the orphan nuclear receptor ultraspiracle. Eur J Biochem 269:6026–6036 Yamamoto H, Okino T, Yoshimura E, Tachibana A, Shimizu K, Fusetani N (1997) Methyl farnesoate induces larval metamorphosis of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite via protein kinase C activation. J Exp Zool 278:349–355 Yano I (1985) Induced ovarian maturation and spawning in greasyback shrimp Metapenaeus ensis, by progesterone. Aquaculture 47:223–229 Yano I (1987) Effect of 17b-hydroxy-progesterone on vitellogenin secretion in Kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Aquaculture 47:223–229 Yokota H, Sudo Y, Yakabe Y (2005) Development of an in vitro binding assay with ecdysone receptor of mysid shrimp. In SETAC Annual Meeting Proceed, p. RP022, Baltimore MD Zapata V, Greco LSL, Medesani DA, Rodriquez EM (2003) Ovarian growth in the crab Chasmagnathus granulata induced by hormones and neuroregulators throughout the year. In vivo and in vitro studies. Aquaculture 224:339–352 Zhu J, Miura K, Chen L, Raikhel AS (2000) AHR38, a homolog of NGF1-B, inhibits formation of the functional ecdysteroid receptor in the mosquito Ades aegypti. EMBO J 19:253–262 Zou E, Fingerman M (2000) External features of an intersex fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. Crustaceana 73:417–423