Lọc vi mô este etylic axit béo thô bằng màng lọc vi mô composite aluminosilicat

J. J. Torres1, N. A. Ochoa2, C. L. Pagliero1
1Departamento de Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, IITEMA-CONICET, Río Cuarto, Argentina
2Departamento de Química, INFAP–Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina

Tóm tắt

Việc tinh chế biodiesel thô đòi hỏi một lượng lớn nước. Bài báo này trình bày một giải pháp công nghệ nhằm loại bỏ một trong những sản phẩm phụ quan trọng của nó (glycerol 0.105 wt%) từ một mẫu este etylic thô thu được thông qua quá trình phản ứng transester hóa dầu đậu nành với etanol. Các nhũ tương có hàm lượng nước thấp đã được chuẩn bị bằng cách thêm tối đa 1% nước và Span 80. Việc sử dụng màng lọc vi mô composite gốm đã cho phép giảm 38.1–69.3% sản phẩm phụ này. Các đặc tính cấu trúc của màng cho thấy nó có bán kính lỗ mao dẫn là 0.09 μm, độ rỗng nội tại 40%, và độ dày lớp chọn lọc là 30 μm, trong khi các nhũ tương thu được có kích thước giọt trung bình lên tới 8–15 μm, được giảm xuống 4–6 μm trong quá trình thẩm thấu do tác động của độ nhớt. Các giá trị thẩm thấu thủy lực đạt được là 1510 L/m2 h bar và lưu lượng thẩm thấu dao động từ 60 đến 303 L/m2 h trong quá trình tối ưu hóa thẩm thấu sử dụng hệ thống lọc chéo. Quá trình tách được nghiên cứu thông qua phổ hồng ngoại, hiển vi quang học, góc tiếp xúc và hàm lượng nước. Kết quả cho phép kết luận rằng quá trình tách nhũ tương xảy ra sau 1 giờ lọc. Sự bổ sung Span 80 không cải thiện hiệu suất tách.

Từ khóa

#biodiesel #tinh chế #nhũ tương #màng lọc vi mô #glycerol #transester hóa #độ nhớt #phổ hồng ngoại

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