Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in hepatitis B virus infection

10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60220-8

Lai CL, Ratziu V, Yuen MF, Poynard T. Viral hepatitis B. Lancet 2003;362:2089-2094.

10.1007/s12250-014-3412-3

10.1586/egh.09.50

10.1073/pnas.0913498107

10.3390/v1020091

Kondo Y, Kobayashi K, Asabe S, Shiina M, Niitsuma H, Ueno Y, Kobayashi T, Shimosegawa T. Vigorous response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated with systemic activation of CD8 T lymphocytes in fulminant hepatitis B. Liver Int 2004;24:561-567.

10.1186/1743-422X-11-22

10.1111/jvh.12390

10.1093/infdis/jis420

10.4049/jimmunol.1401659

10.1155/2011/810939

Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 2006;124:783-801.

10.1038/cmi.2014.112

Gay NJ, Gangloff M. Structure and function of Toll receptors and their ligands. Annu Rev Biochem 2007;76:141-165.

Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 2003;21:335-376.

Miyake K. Innate immune sensing of pathogens and danger signals by cell surface Toll-like receptors. Semin Immunol 2007;19:3-10.

10.1002/hep.22306

10.1007/s00430-014-0370-1

Isogawa M, Robek MD, Furuichi Y, Chisari FV. Toll-like receptor signaling inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo. J Virol 2005;79:7269-7272.

10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.10.006

10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03179.x

10.5858/arpa.2012-0415-OA

10.1016/j.humimm.2013.09.015

10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-132309

10.1016/j.micinf.2009.02.008

10.1016/j.clim.2008.04.006

Lu X, Xu Q, Bu X, Ma X, Zhang F, Deng Q, Zhang Y, Ding J. Relationship between expression of toll-like receptors 2/4 in dendritic cells and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:6048-6055.

10.1038/icb.2013.99

Hart OM, Athie-Morales V, O’Connor GM, Gardiner CM. TLR7/8-mediated activation of human NK cells results in accessory cell-dependent IFN-gamma production. J Immunol 2005;175:1636-1642.

Girart MV, Fuertes MB, Domaica CI, Rossi LE, Zwirner NW. Engagement of TLR3, TLR7, and NKG2D regulate IFN-gamma secretion but not NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity by human NK cells stimulated with suboptimal doses of IL-12. J Immunol 2007;179:3472-3479.

10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.09.005

Limmer A, Ohl J, Kurts C, Ljunggren HG, Reiss Y, Groettrup M, Momburg F, Arnold B, Knolle PA. Efficient presentation of exogenous antigen by liver endothelial cells to CD8+ T cells results in antigen-specific T-cell tolerance. Nat Med 2000;6:1348-1354.

10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.057

10.4049/jimmunol.1301262

Wu J, Lu M, Meng Z, Trippler M, Broering R, Szczeponek A, Krux F, Dittmer U, Roggendorf M, Gerken G. Toll-like receptor-mediated control of HBV replication by nonparenchymal liver cells in mice. Hepatology 2007;46:1769-1778.

10.1111/jvh.12216

10.1016/j.it.2013.06.003

10.1182/blood-2010-02-268169

Tabiasco J, Devêvre E, Rufer N, Salaun B, Cerottini JC, Speiser D, Romero P. Human effector CD8+ T lymphocytes express TLR3 as a functional coreceptor. J Immunol 2006;177:8708-8713.

Babu S, Blauvelt CP, Kumaraswami V, Nutman TB. Cutting edge: diminished T cell TLR expression and function modulates the immune response in human filarial infection. J Immunol 2006;176:3885-3889.

10.4049/jimmunol.1302244

10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05123.x

10.1038/cmi.2012.61

10.1371/journal.pone.0054392

Jain S, Chodisetti SB, Agrewala JN. CD40 signaling synergizes with TLR-2 in the BCR independent activation of resting B cells. PLoS One 2011;6:e20651.

10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.015

10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11618

Guidotti LG, Morris A, Mendez H, Koch R, Silverman RH, Williams BR, Chisari FV. Interferon-regulated pathways that control hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice. J Virol 2002;76:2617-2621.

10.1172/JCI58847

Samuel CE. Antiviral actions of interferons. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:778-809, table of contents.

Katze MG, He Y, Gale M. Viruses and interferon: a fight for supremacy. Nat Rev Immunol 2002;2:675-687.

10.4049/jimmunol.0902761

10.1002/hep.26339

10.1136/postgradmedj-2011-301073rep

10.1371/journal.pone.0103008

10.1038/cmi.2015.01

10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.026

10.1002/hep.23226

10.1128/JVI.00111-14

10.5812/hepatmon.19879

10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.015

10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.051

10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.11.06

Chou YC, Chen ML, Hu CP, Chen YL, Chong CL, Tsai YL, Liu TL, Jeng KS, Chang C. Transforming growth factor-beta1 suppresses hepatitis B virus replication primarily through transcriptional inhibition of pregenomic RNA. Hepatology 2007;46:672-681.

10.1002/hep.26668

10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.054

10.1007/s10620-014-3358-1

10.1038/cmi.2014.109

10.3851/IMP2950

10.1111/1751-2980.12218

10.1042/CS20140511

10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.003

Tavakoli S, Mederacke I, Herzog-Hauff S, Glebe D, Grün S, Strand D, Urban S, Gehring A, Galle PR, Böcher WO. Peripheral blood dendritic cells are phenotypically and functionally intact in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2008;151:61-70.

10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00496.x

Wang FS, Xing LH, Liu MX, Zhu CL, Liu HG, Wang HF, Lei ZY. Dysfunction of peripheral blood dendritic cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2001;7:537-541.

10.1038/cmi.2014.95

10.1155/2014/413952

Gerosa F, Gobbi A, Zorzi P, Burg S, Briere F, Carra G, Trinchieri G. The reciprocal interaction of NK cells with plasmacytoid or myeloid dendritic cells profoundly affects innate resistance functions. J Immunol 2005;174:727-734.

Gerosa F, Baldani-Guerra B, Nisii C, Marchesini V, Carra G, Trinchieri G. Reciprocal activating interaction between natural killer cells and dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2002;195:327-333.

Degli-Esposti MA, Smyth MJ. Close encounters of different kinds: dendritic cells and NK cells take centre stage. Nat Rev Immunol 2005;5:112-124.

10.1159/000323923

10.1128/JVI.07000-11

Maini MK, Boni C, Lee CK, Larrubia JR, Reignat S, Ogg GS, King AS, Herberg J, Gilson R, Alisa A. The role of virus-specific CD8(+) cells in liver damage and viral control during persistent hepatitis B virus infection. J Exp Med 2000;191:1269-1280.

10.1155/2013/869718

10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02896.x

10.1111/j.1872-034X.2008.00468.x

10.1016/j.clim.2008.07.026

10.4049/jimmunol.1402622

Peng G, Li S, Wu W, Sun Z, Chen Y, Chen Z. Circulating CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells correlate with chronic hepatitis B infection. Immunology 2008;123:57-65.

Yamazaki S, Inaba K, Tarbell KV, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells expand antigen-specific Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells including suppressors of alloreactivity. Immunol Rev 2006;212:314-329.

10.1073/pnas.1118834109

Sitia G, Isogawa M, Iannacone M, Campbell IL, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. MMPs are required for recruitment of antigen-nonspecific mononuclear cells into the liver by CTLs. J Clin Invest 2004;113:1158-1167.

Boni C, Fisicaro P, Valdatta C, Amadei B, Di Vincenzo P, Giuberti T, Laccabue D, Zerbini A, Cavalli A, Missale G. Characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection. J Virol 2007;81:4215-4225.

10.1177/1753425914527327

10.3390/pathogens3030563

10.4254/wjh.v7.i6.819

Cook KD, Waggoner SN, Whitmire JK. NK cells and their ability to modulate T cells during virus infections. Crit Rev Immunol 2014;34:359-388.

10.1136/gut.2008.163600

10.3389/fimmu.2014.00258

10.1084/jem.20082387

Brooks DG, Trifilo MJ, Edelmann KH, Teyton L, McGavern DB, Oldstone MB. Interleukin-10 determines viral clearance or persistence in vivo. Nat Med 2006;12:1301-1309.

Gray JD, Hirokawa M, Ohtsuka K, Horwitz DA. Generation of an inhibitory circuit involving CD8+ T cells, IL-2, and NK cell-derived TGF-beta: contrasting effects of anti-CD2 and anti-CD3. J Immunol 1998;160:2248-2254.

10.1111/jvh.12299

10.1084/jem.20121172

10.4049/jimmunol.1202448

10.4049/jimmunol.1004122

10.1128/JVI.03002-13

10.1371/journal.ppat.1002594

Deniz G, Erten G, Kücüksezer UC, Kocacik D, Karagiannidis C, Aktas E, Akdis CA, Akdis M. Regulatory NK cells suppress antigen-specific T cell responses. J Immunol 2008;180:850-857.

10.1038/ncomms7375

10.1097/MD.0000000000000961

10.1093/intimm/dxn046

10.1111/hepr.12439

10.1111/jvh.12428

Mitchison NA. T-cell-B-cell cooperation. Nat Rev Immunol 2004;4:308-312.

10.1038/cmi.2015.25

Wongjitrat C, Sukwit S, Chuenchitra T, Seangjaruk P, Rojanasang P, Romputtan P, Srisurapanon S. CTLA-4 and its ligands on the surface of T- and B-lymphocyte subsets in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Med Assoc Thai 2013;96 Suppl 1:S54-S59.

Raimondi G, Zanoni I, Citterio S, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Granucci F. Induction of peripheral T cell tolerance by antigen-presenting B cells. II. Chronic antigen presentation overrules antigen-presenting B cell activation. J Immunol 2006;176:4021-4028.

10.1155/2014/896864

Frommer F, Heinen TJ, Wunderlich FT, Yogev N, Buch T, Roers A, Bettelli E, Müller W, Anderton SM, Waisman A. Tolerance without clonal expansion: self-antigen-expressing B cells program self-reactive T cells for future deletion. J Immunol 2008;181:5748-5759.

10.1073/pnas.1003854107

10.1002/hep.24732

Thimme R, Wieland S, Steiger C, Ghrayeb J, Reimann KA, Purcell RH, Chisari FV. CD8(+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol 2003;77:68-76.

10.1128/JVI.00867-09

10.1371/journal.ppat.1003490

Bertolino P, Bowen DG, McCaughan GW, Fazekas de St Groth B. Antigen-specific primary activation of CD8+ T cells within the liver. J Immunol 2001;166:5430-5438.

Xu D, Fu J, Jin L, Zhang H, Zhou C, Zou Z, Zhao JM, Zhang B, Shi M, Ding X. Circulating and liver resident CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells actively influence the antiviral immune response and disease progression in patients with hepatitis B. J Immunol 2006;177:739-747.

10.1186/1471-230X-12-43

10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8558

10.1002/hep.22395

10.4049/jimmunol.0902580

10.3390/v2071394

10.1007/s00430-014-0371-0

Chang JJ, Lewin SR. Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2007;85:16-23.

10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.027

Mühlbauer M, Fleck M, Schütz C, Weiss T, Froh M, Blank C, Schölmerich J, Hellerbrand C. PD-L1 is induced in hepatocytes by viral infection and by interferon-alpha and -gamma and mediates T cell apoptosis. J Hepatol 2006;45:520-528.

10.1016/j.jceh.2014.06.008