Cost: The missing outcome in simulation-based medical education research: A systematic review

Kohn, 1999

Cook, 2011, Technology-enhanced simulation for health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA, 306, 978, 10.1001/jama.2011.1234

Ker, 2010, Cost-effective simulation, 61

Prystowsky, 2001, An outcomes research perspective on medical education: the predominance of trainee assessment and satisfaction, Med Educ, 35, 331, 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00910.x

McGaghie, 2011, Evaluating the impact of simulation on translational patient outcomes, Simulation Healthc, 6, S42, 10.1097/SIH.0b013e318222fde9

Moher, 2009, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, Ann Intern Med, 151, 264, 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135

Levin, 2001

Reed, 2007, Association between funding and quality of published medical education research, JAMA, 298, 1002, 10.1001/jama.298.9.1002

Cohen, 1988

Levin, 2001, Vol. 90

Clune, 2002, Methodological strength and policy usefulness of cost-effectiveness research, 55

White, 2005

Jones, 1997, On the cost of educating a medical student, Academic Med, 72, 200, 10.1097/00001888-199703000-00015

Cohen, 2010, Cost savings from reduced catheter-related bloodstream infection after simulation-based education for residents in a medical intensive care unit, Simulation Healthc, 5, 98, 10.1097/SIH.0b013e3181bc8304

Petscavage, 2011, Cost analysis and feasibility of high-fidelity simulation based radiology contrast reaction curriculum, Academic Radiol, 18, 107, 10.1016/j.acra.2010.08.014

de Giovanni, 2009, Relative effectiveness of high- versus low-fidelity simulation in learning heart sounds, Med Educ, 43, 661, 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03398.x

Delasobera, 2010, Evaluating the efficacy of simulators and multimedia for refreshing ACLS skills in India, Resuscitation, 81, 217, 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.10.013

Limpaphayom, 1997, The effectiveness of model-based training in accelerating IUD skill acquisition. A study of midwives in Thailand, Br J Family Plann, 23, 58

Matsumoto, 2002, The effect of bench model fidelity on endourological skills: a randomized controlled study, J Urol, 167, 1243

Grober, 2004, The educational impact of bench model fidelity on the acquisition of technical skill: the use of clinically relevant outcome measures, Ann Surg, 240, 374, 10.1097/01.sla.0000133346.07434.30

Iglesias-Vazquez, 2007, Cost-efficiency assessment of Advanced Life Support (ALS) courses based on the comparison of advanced simulators with conventional manikins, BMC Emerg Med, 7, 18, 10.1186/1471-227X-7-18

Chandra, 2008, Fiberoptic oral intubation: the effect of model fidelity on training for transfer to patient care, Anesthesiology, 109, 1007, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6c3c

McDougall, 2009, Preliminary study of virtual reality and model simulation for learning laparoscopic suturing skills, J Urol, 182, 1018

Cho, 2008, Comparison of manikin versus porcine models in cricothyrotomy procedure training, Emerg Med J, 25, 732, 10.1136/emj.2008.059014

Rosenthal, 2009, Pretraining on Southwestern stations decreases training time and cost for proficiency-based fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery training, J Am Coll Surg, 209, 626, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.07.013

Stefanidis, 2010, Initial laparoscopic basic skills training shortens the learning curve of laparoscopic suturing and is cost-effective, J Am Coll Surg, 210, 436, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.12.015

Cook, 2012, Comparative effectiveness of technology-enhanced simulation vs other instructional methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Simul Healthc, 7, 308, 10.1097/SIH.0b013e3182614f95

Levin, 2002

Reed, 2005, Costs and funding for published medical education research, JAMA, 294, 1052, 10.1001/jama.294.9.1052

Reed, 2008, Predictive validity evidence for medical education research study quality instrument scores: quality of submissions to JGIM's Medical Education Special Issue, J Gen Intern Med, 23, 903, 10.1007/s11606-008-0664-3

Cook, 2011, Method and reporting quality in health professions education research: a systematic review, Med Educ, 45, 227, 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03890.x

Brown, 2002, Cost effectiveness of continuing professional development in health care: a critical review of the evidence, BMJ, 324, 652, 10.1136/bmj.324.7338.652

Bell, 2006, Bias in published cost effectiveness studies: systematic review, BMJ, 332, 699, 10.1136/bmj.38737.607558.80

McGaghie, 2011, Does simulation-based medical education with deliberate practice yield better results than traditional clinical education? A meta-analytic comparative review of the evidence, Academic Med, 86, 706, 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318217e119

Medicine Io. Knowing what works in health care: a roadmap for the nation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2008.

Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research. What is the effective health care program. Available from: http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/what-is-the-effective-health-care-program1 . Accessed November 14, 2011.

Boreham, 1985, Transfer of training in the generation of diagnostic hypotheses: The effect of lowering fidelity of simulation, Br J Educ Psychol, 55, 213, 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1985.tb02626.x

de Vries, 2008, Self-training in the use of automated external defibrillators: the same results for less money, Resuscitation, 76, 76, 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.06.030

Immenroth, 2007, Mental training in surgical education: a randomized controlled trial, Ann Surg, 245, 385, 10.1097/01.sla.0000251575.95171.b3

Lentz, 2005, A six-year study of surgical teaching and skills evaluation for obstetric/gynecologic residents in porcine and inanimate surgical models, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 193, 2056, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.07.064

Fried, 2004, Proving the value of simulation in laparoscopic surgery, Ann Surg, 240, 518, 10.1097/01.sla.0000136941.46529.56

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer price index. Available from: http://www.bls.gov/cpi/. Accessed March 12, 2012.