Correlation of liver-to-spleen ratio, lung CT scores, clinical, and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with two consecutive CT scans

World Health Organization Timeline – COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19 Accessed 6 May 2020.

Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al (2020) Correlation of chest CT and RTPCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases. Radiology 200642. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200642

Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J et al (2020) Sensitivity of chest CT for COVID-19: comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 200432. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200432

Xie X, Zhong Z, Zhao W, et al (2020) Chest CT for typical 2019-nCoV pneumonia: relationship to negative RT-PCR testing. Radiology 200343. doi:https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200343

Li Y, Xia L (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): role of chest CT in diagnosis and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 214:1280-1286. doi:https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.22954

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet395:497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323:1061‐1069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al (2020) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet395:507-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al (2020) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395:1054‐1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3

Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, et al (2020) Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect S0163-4453(20)30234-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021

Wan S, Li M, Ye Z, et al (2020) CT manifestations and clinical characteristics of 1115 patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Radiol 27:910-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.033

Li K, Wu J, Wu F, et al (2020) The clinical and chest CT features associated with severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia. Invest Radiol 55:327‐331. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000672

Zhang C, Shi L, Wang FS (2020) Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:428‐430. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30057-1

Kodama Y, Ng CS, Wu TT et al (2007) Comparison of CT methods for determining the fat content of the liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188:1307-1312. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.06.0992

Ma X, Holalkere NS, Kambadakone R A, et al (2009) Imaging-based quantification of hepatic fat: methods and clinical applications. Radiographics 29:1253-1277. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.295085186

Yasui S, Fujiwara K, Okitsu K, et al (2012) Importance of computed tomography imaging features for the diagnosis of autoimmune acute liver failure. Hepatol Res 42:42-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2011.00892.x

Iwasaki M, Takada Y, Hayashi M, et al (2004) Noninvasive evaluation of graft steatosis in living donor liver transplantation. Transplantation 78:1501-1505. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000140499.23683.0d

COVID-19 treatment algorithm for adults. Available at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/algoritmalar/COVID19 Accessed 11 May 2020.

Chang YC, Yu CJ, Chang SC, et al (2005) Pulmonary sequelae in convalescent patients after severe acute respiratory syndrome: evaluation with thin-section CT. Radiology 236:1067-1075. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2363040958

Pan F, Ye T, Sun P, et al (2020) Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Radiology 295:715‐721. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200370

Francone M, Iafrate F, Masci GM, et al (2020) Chest CT score in COVID-19 patients: correlation with disease severity and short-term prognosis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 4]. Eur Radiol 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07033-y

Zeb I, Li D, Nasir K, et al (2012) Computed tomography scans in the evaluation of fatty liver disease in a population based study: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Acad Radiol 19:811‐818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2012.02.022

Bhayana R, Som A, Li MD, et al (2020) Abdominal imaging findings in COVID-19: preliminary observations. Radiology 201908. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201908

Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, et al (2020) Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 20:425‐434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4

Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, et al (2020) Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ 368:m606. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m606

Fan Z, Chen L, Li J, et al (2020) Clinical features of COVID-19-related liver functional abnormality. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:1561-1566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.002

Bangash MN, Patel J, Parekh D (2020) COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:529‐530. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30084-4

Falcão MB, Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti L, Filgueiras Filho NM, et al (2020) Case report: hepatotoxicity associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine in a patient with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Am J Trop Med Hyg 102:1214-1216. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0276

Boeckmans J, Rodrigues RM, Demuyser T, et al (2020) COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point? Arch Toxicol 94:1367‐1369. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02734-1

Cai Q, Yang M, Liu D, et al (2020) Experimental treatment with favipiravir for COVID-19: an open-label control study. Engineering (Beijing) 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007

Lagana SM, Kudose S, Iuga AC, et al (2020) Hepatic pathology in patients dying of COVID-19: a series of 40 cases including clinical, histologic, and virologic data. Mod Pathol 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-020-00649-x

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, et al (2020) Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med 8:420-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X

Milroy CM (2018) Fatty liver and the forensic pathologist. Acad Forensic Pathol 8:296-310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1925362118782061

Wei X, Zeng W, Su J, et al (2020) Hypolipidemia is associated with the severity of COVID-19. J Clin Lipidol 14:297-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2020.04.008

Wang G, Zhang Q, Zhao X, et al (2020) Low high-density lipoprotein level is correlated with the severity of COVID-19 patients: an observational study. Lipids Health Dis 19:204. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-020-01382-9

Wang L (2020) C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. Med Mal Infect 50:332‐334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2020.03.007

Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, et al (2020) Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med 46:846‐848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x