Corrective Taxation for Curbing Pollution and Promoting Green Product Design and Recycling
Tóm tắt
In this paper we consider a competitive economy with flows of materials from extraction via recycling to landfilling which exhibits distortions due to pollution, external landfilling costs and inefficient product design. The allocative impact of tax-subsidy policies aiming at internalizing the distortions are analyzed when the pertinent tax-subsidy rates were successively raised from zero toward their efficiency restoring levels. Promoting recyclability by greening the product design stimulates recycling as expected. But it also increases primary material extraction and – possibly – the total waste flow, and it reduces the recycling ratio.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Calcott, K. and M. Walls (2000), ‘Can Downstream Waste Disposal Policies Encourage Upstream “Design for Environment”?’, American Economic Review 90, 233-237.
Choe, C. and I. Fraser (1999), ‘An Economic Analysis of Household Waste Management’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 38, 234-246.
Fullerton, D. and A. Wolverton (2000), ‘Two Generalizations of a Deposit-Refund System’, American Economic Review 90, 238-242.
Fullerton, D. and W. Wu (1998), ‘Policies for Green Design’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 36, 131-148.
Eichner, T. and R. Pethig (2001), ‘Product Design and Efficient Management of Recycling andWaste Treatment’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 41, 109-134.
Fiskel, J. (1996), Design for Environment: Creating Eco-Efficient Products and Processes. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Førsund, F. R. (1972), ‘Allocation in Space and Environmental Pollution’, Swedish Journal of Economics 74, 19-34.
Jones, R. W. (1965), ‘The Structure of Simple General Equilibrium Models’, Journal of Political Economy 73, 557-572.
Mäler, K. G. (1974), Environmental Economics: A Theoretical Inquiry. London: Baltimore.
Pethig, R. (1977), ‘International Markets for Secondary Material’, in D. W. Pearce and I. Walter, eds., Resource Conservation: Social and Economic Dimensions of Recycling. New York: New York University Press, pp. 191-206, 353-383.
Schulze, W. D. (1974), ‘The Optimal Use of Non-Renewable Resources: The Theory of Extraction’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 1, 53-73.
Smith, V. L. (1972), ‘Dynamics of Waste Accumulation: Disposal Versus Recycling’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 86, 600-616.
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1992), Green Product by Design: Choices for a Cleaner Environment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, OTA-E-541.
Weinstein, M. C. and R. J. Zeckhauser (1974), ‘Use Patterns for Depletable and Recyclable Resources’, Review of Economic Studies, Symposium on the Economics of Exhaustible Resources, pp. 67-88.
Wolbeck, B., ‘secondary Materials and Economic Growth: Needs and Measures for a Comprehensive Policy’, in D. W. Pearce and I. Walter, eds., Resource Conservation: Social and Economic Dimensions of Recycling. New York: New York University Press, pp. 23-32.