Core saturation effects of geomagnetic induced currents in power transformers

Berge, 2011, Laboratory validation of the relationship between geomagnetically induced current (GIC) and transformer absorbed reactive power, 491 Bolduc, 2000, Saturation time of transformers under dc excitation, Electric Power Systems Research, 56, 95, 10.1016/S0378-7796(00)00087-0 Egorov, 2007 Heindl, 2011, Investigation of GIC related effects on power transformers using modern diagnóstic methods Lahtinen, 2002, GIC occurrences and GIC test for 400kV system transformer, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 17, 555, 10.1109/61.997938 Picher, 1997, Study of the acceptable DC current limit in core-form power transformers, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 12, 257, 10.1109/61.568248 Price, 2001, Geomagnetically induced current effects on transformers, 338 Takasu, 1994, An experimental analysis of DC excitation of transformers by geomagnetically induced currents, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 9, 1173, 10.1109/61.296304 Walling, 1991, Characteristics of transformer exciting-current during geomagnetic disturbances, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 6, 1707, 10.1109/61.97710 Zhigang, 2010, Measurements and calculation of core-based B–H curve and magnetizing current in DC-biased transformers, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 20, 1131, 10.1109/TASC.2010.2041211