Nồng độ ô nhiễm đồng, niken và kẽm trong đất tại khu vực khai thác và chôn lấp

V. M. Ngole1, G. I. E. Ekosse2
1Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
2Directorate of Research Development, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu này xác định nồng độ đồng, niken và kẽm trong đất tại khu vực khai thác đồng – niken và môi trường chôn lấp đô thị, và sử dụng các giá trị thu được để đánh giá mức độ ô nhiễm và ô nhiễm đất dựa trên chỉ số tích lũy địa chất, hệ số ô nhiễm và chỉ số tải ô nhiễm. Nồng độ trung bình của đồng (252,4 mg/kg), niken (153,0 mg/kg) và kẽm (30,4 mg/kg) trong đất xung quanh khu vực khai thác cao hơn đáng kể so với khu vực chôn lấp (4,3, 0,91 và 13,7 mg/kg, tương ứng cho đồng, niken và kẽm). Khu vực khai thác có mức độ ô nhiễm từ vừa đến nặng với đồng, niken và kẽm (1 < I_geo < 4), trong khi khu vực chôn lấp bị ô nhiễm vừa phải (1 < I_geo < 3). Ở cả hai khu vực, mức độ ô nhiễm đồng cao hơn so với niken và kẽm. Ô nhiễm xung quanh môi trường khai thác được quy cho các hoạt động khai thác, trong khi đó xung quanh khu vực chôn lấp, sự di chuyển của nước rò rỉ từ chất thải đã được chôn lấp có thể là nguyên nhân.

Từ khóa

#ô nhiễm đồng #ô nhiễm niken #ô nhiễm kẽm #khai thác mỏ #chôn lấp đô thị

Tài liệu tham khảo

Agunbiade FO, Fawale AT (2009) Use of Siam weed biomarker in assessing heavy metal contaminations in traffic and solid waste polluted areas. Int J Environ Sci Tech 6:267–276 Akoto O, Ephraim JH, Darko G (2008) Heavy metals pollution in surface soils in the vicinity of abundant railway servicing workshop in Kumasi Ghana. Int J Environ Sci Tech 2:359–364 Alloway BJ (1990) Heavy metals in soils. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York Alloway BJ (2005) Copper-deficient soils in Europe. International Copper association. New York Alloway BJ, Ayres DC (1993) Chemical principles of environmental pollution. Blackie Academic & Professional, London Alloway BJ, Ayres DC (1997) Chemical principles of environmental pollution. Chapman and Hall, London Arup Botswana (1993) Gaborone solid Waste Disposal site development plan. Arup Botswana Consulting Engineers Bai C, Reilly CC, Wood BW (2006) Nickel deficiency disrupts metabolism of ureides, amino acids, and organic acids of young pecan foliage. Plant Physiol 140:433–443 Barrie CT, Ludden JN, Green TH (2008) Geochemistry of volcanic rocks associated with Cu-Zn and Ni-Cu deposits in the Abitibi Subprovince. Econ Geol 88(6):1341–1358 Bhalotra YPR (1987) Elements of climate: climate of Botswana II. Department of Meteorological Services, Gaborone Bogatsu Y, Atekwana E, Ekosse G, Atekwana E, Totolo O (2000) Hydrogeochemical impacts of the Gaborone Landfill on its surrounding subsurface environments. Bots Notes Rec 32:159–164 Brown PH, Welch RM, Cary EE (1987) Nickel: a micronutrient essential for higher plants’. Plant Physiol 85:801–803 Brown S, Chaney R, Angle JS (1997) Surface liming and metal movement in soil amended with lime-stabilized biosolids. J Environ Qual 26:724–732 Christensen TH, Lehmann N, Jackson T, Holm PE (1996) Cadmium and nickel distribution coefficient for sandy aquifer materials. J Contamin Hydrol 24:75–84 Chuangcham U, Wirojanagud W, Charusiri P, Milne-Home W, Lertsirivoraku P (2008) Assessment of Heavy Metals from Landfill Leachate Contaminated to Soil: A Case Study of Kham Bon Landfill, Khon Kaen Province, NE Thailand. J Appl Sci 8(8):1383–1394 Ekosse G, van den Heever D, de Jager L, Totolo O (2003a) Environmental mineralogy of soils around the Selebi Phikwe Ni–Cu mine area, Botswana. Int J Environ Stud 60(3):251–262 Ekosse G, Van den Heever DJ, de Jager L (2003b) Environmental physico-chemistry of tailings dump and soils around the Selebi Phikwe Ni-Cu mine area, Botswana. Int J Environ Stud 60(1):2 Ekosse G, Van den Heever DJ, de Jager L, Totolo O (2004) Environmental chemistry and mineralogy of particulate air matter around Selebi Phikwe copper-nickel plant, Botswana. Miner Eng 17(2):349–353 Ekosse G, Ngila JC, Forcheh N (2005) Multivariate analyses of heavy metals in soils and Colospermum mopane leaves around the Selebi Phikwe nickel-copper mine and smelter/concentrator plant, Botswana. J Appl Sci Environ Manage 9(1):177–185 Ekschmit K, Korthals GW (2006) Nematodes as Sentinels of heavy metals and organic toxicants in the soil. J Nematol 38(1):13–19 European Commission (2001) Pollutants in urban wastewater and sewage sludge. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg Gordon AM, McBride RA, Fisken AJ, Voroney RP (1988) Effect of landfill leachate spraying on soil respiration and microbial biomass in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Waste Manag Res 6(2):141–148 Hakanson L (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach. Water Res 14(8):975–1001 Ji Y, Feng Y, Wu J, Zhu T, Bai Z, Duan C (2008) Using geoaccumulation index to study source profiles of soil dust in China. J Environ Sci China 20:571–578 Kabata-Pendias A (1995) Agricultural problems related to excessive trace metal contents of soil. In: Salomons W, Förstner U, Mader P (eds) “Heavy metals (problems and solutions)”. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–18 Kabata-Pendias A, Mukherjee AB (2007) Trace elements from soil to human. Springer, Berlin Khupe JSN (1996) Water supply, sewage and waste management for Gaborone Botswana. AMBIO 25(2):138–143 Muller G (1969) Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geol J 2:109–118 Ngole VM, Ekosse GE (2006) Status of minerals and heavy metals in the subsurface sediments around the Gaborone landfill, Botswana. Global J Pure Appl Sci 12(4):545–551 Ngole VM, Totolo O, Ekosse GE (2004) Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization of subsurface sediments around Gaborone landfill, Botswana. J Appl Sci Environ Manage 8(1):49–53 Ngole VM, Totolo O, Ekosse G (2005) Physico-chemical properties and clay fraction mineralogy of the subsurface sediments around the Gaborone landfill, Botswana. Bots J Earth Sci VI:14–19 Nicholls AM, Mal TK (2003) Effects of lead and copper exposure on growth of an invasive weed, lythrum salicaria l. (purple loosestrife). Ohio J Sci 103:129–133 Nkoma JS, Ekosse G (1999) X–Ray diffraction study of chalcopyrite CuFeS2, pentlandite (Fe, Ni)9S8 and pyrrhotite Fe1-xS obtained from Cu-Ni ore bodies. J Phy Condens Mat 11(1):121–128 Nsouli B, Darwish T, Thomas JP, Zahraman K, Roumie M (2004) Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb background values determination in representative Lebanese soil using the thick target PIXE technique. Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section B: beam interactions with materials and atoms, Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis (219–220):181–186 Potenhaner L (1994) Botswana: Africa’s last wilderness; the complete guide. Longman, Botswana, pp 47–49 Purves D (1973) Solid wastes and the environment–land. Inst Of Abstracted by CG Golueke. Compost Sci 14(5): 4–5 Schippers A, Kock D, Schwartz M, Böttcher ME, Vogel H, Hagger M (2007) Geomicrobiological and geochemical investigation of a pyrrhotite-containing mine waste tailings dam near Selebi-Phikwe in Botswana. J Geochem Explor 92(2–3):151–158 Seshan BRR, Natesan U, Deepthi K (2010) Geochemical and statistical approach for evaluation of heavy metal pollution in core sediments in southeast coast of India. Int J Environ Sci Tech 7:291–306 Sheppard DS, Claridge GGC, Campbell IB (2000) Metal contamination of soils at Scott Base Antarctica. Appl Geochem 15:513–530 Singh AK, Hasnain SI, Banerjee DK (1999) Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of the Damodar River–a tributary of the lower Ganga, India. Environ Geol 39(1):90–98 Šmuc NR, Vrhovnik P, Dolenec T, Serafimovski T, Tasev G, Dolenec M (2009) Assessment of the heavy metal contamination in the surficial sediments of Lake Kalimanci (Macedonia): a preliminary study. RMZ Mater Geoenviron 56:437–447 Soil Mapping and Advisory Service Project (1990) The soil map of Botswana. FAO/BOT/85/011 Suschka J, Zielonka U (1995) Some remarks on the contamination of the environment with heavy metals in a part of Poland. In: Salmons W, Frestener U, Mader P (eds) Heavy metals: problems and solutions. Springer, pp 393–401 Yruela I, Alfonso M, Barón M, Picorel R (2000) Copper effect on the protein composition of photosynthesis. Physiol Plant 110:551–557 Zhai M, Kampunzu HAB, Modisi MP, Totolo O (2003) Distribution of heavy metals in Gaborone urban soils (Botswana) and its relationship to soil pollution and bedrock composition. Environ Geol 45(2):171–180