Copper Deficiency: Causes, Manifestations, and Treatment

Nutrition in Clinical Practice - Tập 34 Số 4 - Trang 504-513 - 2019
Marco Altarelli1, Nawfel Ben‐Hamouda1, Antoine Schneider1, Mette M. Berger1
1Adult Intensive Care and Burn Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

Tóm tắt

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolism of the essential trace element copper remains incompletely understood and, until recently, nearly ignored in acute medicine. Menkes disease was for long the only known copper deficiency condition, but several case reports and investigations conducted over the last 2 decades have shown that deficiency is more frequent than previously suspected, with devastating individual consequences and potential public health consequences. The copper needs in healthy individuals are 0.9 mg/d, which translates to 0.3 mg/d intravenously in parenteral nutrition; the present review aims at gathering actual knowledge.Method and resultsA review of literature was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane systematic reviews to identify the most recent information about copper deficiency and generate a narrative review. Copper deficiency has hereditary and acquired origins, the latter being the most frequent. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific but affect all organs and systems, particularly the hematologic (anemia) and the neurologic (myeloneuropathy) systems. Deficiency also affects the cardiovascular, cutaneous, and immune systems. Severe copper deficiency due to reduced absorption after bariatric bypass surgery has become frequent.ConclusionDeficiency is more frequent than previously recognized, probably because of changing nutrition patterns but also because of some treatments that have become very common such as bypass bariatric surgery and, in acute medicine, prolonged continuous renal replacement therapy. The patients may present with severe hematologic and neurologic complications that go untreated because copper deficiency was not considered in the differential diagnosis: These complications often need active intravenous repletion with doses 4–8 times the usual nutrition recommendations.

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Nutrition in Clinical Practice

Tập 34 Số 4

504-513

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