Converging Actions of Alcohol on Liver and Brain Immune Signaling

Aderem, 2000, Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response, Nature, 406, 782, 10.1038/35021228 Akira, 2004, Toll-like receptor signalling, Nature Reviews. Immunology, 4, 499, 10.1038/nri1391 Alfonso-Loeches, 2010, Pivotal role of TLR4 receptors in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage, Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 30, 8285, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0976-10.2010 Bala, 2011, Up-regulation of microRNA-155 in macrophages contributes to increased tumor necrosis factor {alpha} (TNF{alpha}) production via increased mRNA half-life in alcoholic liver disease, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286, 1436, 10.1074/jbc.M110.145870 Banks, 2010, Minimal penetration of lipopolysaccharide across the murine blood-brain barrier, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 24, 102, 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.09.001 Beck, 1981, Acute exposure of small intestine to ethanol: Effects on morphology and function, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 26, 817, 10.1007/BF01309614 Bhonchal, 2008, Functional and morphological alterations in small intestine mucosa of chronic alcoholics, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 23, e43, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05080.x Bianchi, 2009, HMGB1 loves company, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 86, 573, 10.1189/jlb.1008585 Blanco, 2005, Involvement of TLR4/type I IL-1 receptor signaling in the induction of inflammatory mediators and cell death induced by ethanol in cultured astrocytes, Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 175, 6893, 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6893 Blednov, 2011, Activation of inflammatory signaling by lipopolysaccharide produces a prolonged increase of voluntary alcohol intake in mice, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 25, S92, 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.01.008 Bode, 2003, Effect of alcohol consumption on the gut, Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology, 17, 575, 10.1016/S1521-6918(03)00034-9 Bode, 1987, Endotoxemia in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis and in subjects with no evidence of chronic liver disease following acute alcohol excess, Journal of Hepatology, 4, 8, 10.1016/S0168-8278(87)80003-X Campbell, 2010, Sickness behaviour is induced by a peripheral CXC-chemokine also expressed in multiple sclerosis and EAE, Brain Behavior and Immunity, 24, 738, 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.01.011 Cardoso, 2012, miR-155 modulates microglia-mediated immune response by down-regulating SOCS-1 and promoting cytokine and nitric oxide production, Immunology, 135, 73, 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03514.x Ceppi, 2009, MicroRNA-155 modulates the interleukin-1 signaling pathway in activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 2735, 10.1073/pnas.0811073106 Crews, 2009, Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and regeneration in alcoholism, Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 44, 115, 10.1093/alcalc/agn079 Elmas, 2001, Effects of profound hypothermia on the blood-brain barrier permeability in acute and chronically ethanol treated rats, Forensic Science International, 119, 212, 10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00429-1 Fernandez-Lizarbe, 2013, Ethanol induces TLR4/TLR2 association, triggering an inflammatory response in microglial cells, Journal of Neurochemistry, 126, 261, 10.1111/jnc.12276 Fernandez-Lizarbe, 2009, Critical role of TLR4 response in the activation of microglia induced by ethanol, Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 183, 4733, 10.4049/jimmunol.0803590 Gardella, 2002, The nuclear protein HMGB1 is secreted by monocytes via a non-classical, vesicle-mediated secretory pathway, EMBO Reports, 3, 995, 10.1093/embo-reports/kvf198 Ghiringhelli, 2009, Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces IL-1beta-dependent adaptive immunity against tumors, Nature Medicine, 15, 1170, 10.1038/nm.2028 Glass, 2010, Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration, Cell, 140, 918, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.016 Goldbach-Mansky, 2012, Immunology in clinic review series; focus on autoinflammatory diseases: Update on monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: The role of interleukin (IL)-1 and an emerging role for cytokines beyond IL-1, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 167, 391, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04533.x Gross, 2011, The inflammasome: An integrated view, Immunological Reviews, 243, 136, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01046.x Guillemin, 2004, Microglia, macrophages, perivascular macrophages, and pericytes: A review of function and identification, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 75, 388, 10.1189/jlb.0303114 Haorah, 2005, Ethanol-induced activation of myosin light chain kinase leads to dysfunction of tight junctions and blood-brain barrier compromise, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 999, 10.1097/01.ALC.0000166944.79914.0A Haorah, 2005, Alcohol-induced oxidative stress in brain endothelial cells causes blood-brain barrier dysfunction, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 78, 1223, 10.1189/jlb.0605340 Hauge, 1997, Mucosal bacterial growth in the upper gastrointestinal tract in alcoholics (heavy drinkers), Digestion, 58, 591, 10.1159/000201507 He, 2008, Increased MCP-1 and microglia in various regions of the human alcoholic brain, Experimental Neurology, 210, 349, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.11.017 He, 2013, TLR agonists stimulate Nlrp3-dependent IL-1beta production independently of the purinergic P2X7 receptor in dendritic cells and in vivo, Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 190, 334, 10.4049/jimmunol.1202737 Holley, 2012, Th1 and Th17 cells regulate innate immune responses and bacterial clearance during central nervous system infection, Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 188, 1360, 10.4049/jimmunol.1101660 Hritz, 2008, The critical role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in alcoholic liver disease is independent of the common TLR adapter MyD88, Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 48, 1224, 10.1002/hep.22470 Hutchinson, 2008, Non-stereoselective reversal of neuropathic pain by naloxone and naltrexone: Involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), European Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 20, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06321.x Israel, 1994, Acetate-mediated effects of ethanol, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 18, 144, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00894.x Jin, 2013, Species-dependent blood-brain barrier disruption of lipopolysaccharide: Amelioration by colistin in vitro and in vivo, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,, 10.1128/AAC.00765-13 Kawaguchi, 2011, Inflammasome activation of cardiac fibroblasts is essential for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, Circulation, 123, 594, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.982777 Keshavarzian, 1999, Leaky gut in alcoholic cirrhosis: A possible mechanism for alcohol-induced liver damage, American Journal of Gastroenterology, 94, 200, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00797.x Kim, 2011, Extracellular HMGB1 released by NMDA treatment confers neuronal apoptosis via RAGE-p38 MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, Neurotoxicity Research, 20, 159, 10.1007/s12640-010-9231-x Kim, 2012, Intranasal delivery of HMGB1 siRNA confers target gene knockdown and robust neuroprotection in the postischemic brain, Molecular Therapy: The Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 20, 829, 10.1038/mt.2011.291 Kirpich, 2013, Ethanol and dietary unsaturated fat (corn oil/linoleic acid enriched) cause intestinal inflammation and impaired intestinal barrier defense in mice chronically fed alcohol, Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 47, 257, 10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.01.005 Klune, 2008, HMGB1: Endogenous danger signaling, Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 14, 476 Kumar, 2007, Impaired microRNA processing enhances cellular transformation and tumorigenesis, Nature Genetics, 39, 673, 10.1038/ng2003 Laye, 1995, Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy blocks induction of IL-1 beta mRNA in mice brain in response to peripheral LPS, American Journal of Physiology, 268, R1327 Leonard, 1990, Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Immunology Today, 11, 97, 10.1016/0167-5699(90)90035-8 Letterio, 1998, Regulation of immune responses by TGF-beta, Annual Review of Immunology, 16, 137, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.137 Lewohl, 2011, Up-regulation of microRNAs in brain of human alcoholics, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 35, 1928, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01544.x Lippai, 2013, Chronic alcohol-induced microRNA-155 contributes to neuroinflammation in a TLR4-dependent manner in mice, PLoS One, 8, e70945, 10.1371/journal.pone.0070945 Lippai, 2013, Alcohol-induced IL-1beta in the brain is mediated by NLRP3/ASC inflammasome activation that amplifies neuroinflammation, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 94, 171, 10.1189/jlb.1212659 Liu, 2011, Binge alcohol drinking is associated with GABAA alpha2-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the central amygdala, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 4465, 10.1073/pnas.1019020108 Mankan, 2012, Immunology in clinic review series; focus on autoinflammatory diseases: Inflammasomes: Mechanisms of activation, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 167, 369, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04534.x Marshall, 2013, Microglial activation is not equivalent to neuroinflammation in alcohol-induced neurodegeneration: The importance of microglia phenotype, Neurobiology of Disease, 54, 239, 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.016 Nakajima, 2001, Microglia: Activation and their significance in the central nervous system, Journal of Biochemistry, 130, 169, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a002969 Naveau, 2004, A double-blind randomized controlled trial of infliximab associated with prednisolone in acute alcoholic hepatitis, Hepatology, 39, 1390, 10.1002/hep.20206 Nguyen, 1998, Exposure to acute stress induces brain interleukin-1beta protein in the rat, Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 18, 2239, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02239.1998 Oh, 2009, HMGB1 is phosphorylated by classical protein kinase C and is secreted by a calcium-dependent mechanism, Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 182, 5800, 10.4049/jimmunol.0801873 O'Mara, 1994, Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence, Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 28, 210 O'Neill, 2011, MicroRNAs: The fine-tuners of toll-like receptor signalling, Nature Reviews. Immunology, 11, 163, 10.1038/nri2957 Palomero-Gallagher, 2013, Neurotransmitter receptor alterations in hepatic encephalopathy: A review, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 536, 109, 10.1016/j.abb.2013.02.010 Pan, 2002, TNFalpha transport across the blood-brain barrier is abolished in receptor knockout mice, Experimental Neurology, 174, 193, 10.1006/exnr.2002.7871 Pantazis, 1993, Vulnerability of cerebellar granule cells to alcohol-induced cell death diminishes with time in culture, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 17, 1014, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05657.x Petrasek, 2012, IL-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates inflammasome-dependent alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 122, 3476, 10.1172/JCI60777 Pietrzykowski, 2008, Posttranscriptional regulation of BK channel splice variant stability by miR-9 underlies neuroadaptation to alcohol, Neuron, 59, 274, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.05.032 Pignataro, 2009, The regulation of neuronal gene expression by alcohol, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 124, 324, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.09.002 Pignataro, 2013, Brief alcohol exposure alters transcription in astrocytes via the heat shock pathway, Brain and Behavior, 3, 114, 10.1002/brb3.125 Qin, 2012, NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species contribute to alcohol-induced microglial activation and neurodegeneration, Journal of Neuroinflammation, 9, 2094 Qin, 2008, Increased systemic and brain cytokine production and neuroinflammation by endotoxin following ethanol treatment, Journal of Neuroinflammation, 5, 10.1186/1742-2094-5-10 Rajayer, 2013, Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein is an important mediator of alcohol-induced brain inflammation, PLoS One, 8, e79430, 10.1371/journal.pone.0079430 Ridet, 1997, Reactive astrocytes: Cellular and molecular cues to biological function, Trends in Neurosciences, 20, 570, 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01139-9 Rubartelli, 2007, Inside, outside, upside down: Damage-associated molecular-pattern molecules (DAMPs) and redox, Trends in Immunology, 28, 429, 10.1016/j.it.2007.08.004 Schonrock, 2012, Decoding the non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's disease, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS, 69, 3543, 10.1007/s00018-012-1125-z Schulte, 2013, Differential activation and functional specialization of miR-146 and miR-155 in innate immune sensing, Nucleic Acids Research, 41, 542, 10.1093/nar/gks1030 Singh, 2007, Effects of chronic ethanol drinking on the blood brain barrier and ensuing neuronal toxicity in alcohol-preferring rats subjected to intraperitoneal LPS injection, Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 42, 385, 10.1093/alcalc/agl120 Soliman, 2011, Acetate supplementation increases brain histone acetylation and inhibits histone deacetylase activity and expression, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 352, 173, 10.1007/s11010-011-0751-3 Sriram, 2006, Deficiency of TNF receptors suppresses microglial activation and alters the susceptibility of brain regions to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity: Role of TNF-alpha, FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 20, 670, 10.1096/fj.05-5106com Streit, 1988, Functional plasticity of microglia: A review, Glia, 1, 301, 10.1002/glia.440010502 Szabo, 2006, Pattern recognition receptors: A contemporary view on liver diseases, Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 44, 287, 10.1002/hep.21308 Szabo, 2011, The unfolding web of innate immune dysregulation in alcoholic liver injury, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 35, 782, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01398.x Szabo, 1992, Induction of transforming growth factor-beta and prostaglandin E2 production by ethanol in human monocytes, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 52, 602, 10.1002/jlb.52.6.602 Tajuddin, 2013, Effect of repetitive daily ethanol intoxication on adult rat brain: Significant changes in phospholipase A2 enzyme levels in association with increased PARP-1 indicate neuroinflammatory pathway activation, Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 47, 39, 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.09.003 Tamai, 2000, Effect of acute ethanol administration on the intestinal absorption of endotoxin in rats, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 390, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04629.x Tang, 2008, Effect of alcohol on miR-212 expression in intestinal epithelial cells and its potential role in alcoholic liver disease, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 32, 355, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00584.x Thompson, 2009, Inflammatory cytokines stimulate the chemokines CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL7/MCP-3 through NFkB and MAPK dependent pathways in rat astrocytes [corrected], Brain Research, 1287, 47, 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.081 Thounaojam, 2013, MicroRNAs in the brain: It's regulatory role in neuroinflammation, Molecular Neurobiology, 47, 1034, 10.1007/s12035-013-8400-3 Tilg, 2003, Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis, Journal of Hepatology, 38, 419, 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00442-7 Tili, 2009, miR-155: On the crosstalk between inflammation and cancer, International Reviews of Immunology, 28, 264, 10.1080/08830180903093796 Tracey, 2010, Understanding immunity requires more than immunology, Nature Immunology, 11, 561, 10.1038/ni0710-561 Trinchieri, 2007, Cooperation of toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence, Nature Reviews. Immunology, 7, 179, 10.1038/nri2038 Valencia-Sanchez, 2006, Control of translation and mRNA degradation by miRNAs and siRNAs, Genes & Development, 20, 515, 10.1101/gad.1399806 Valles, 2004, Chronic ethanol treatment enhances inflammatory mediators and cell death in the brain and in astrocytes, Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 14, 365, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00079.x Verstrepen, 2008, TLR-4, IL-1R and TNF-R signaling to NF-kappaB: Variations on a common theme, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS, 65, 2964, 10.1007/s00018-008-8064-8 Wang, 1999, HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice, Science (New York, N.Y.), 285, 248, 10.1126/science.285.5425.248 Wilke, 1994, Effects of alcohol on gene expression in neural cells, EXS, 71, 49 Willingham, 2009, NLRP3 (NALP3, cryopyrin) facilitates in vivo caspase-1 activation, necrosis, and HMGB1 release via inflammasome-dependent and -independent pathways, Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 183, 2008, 10.4049/jimmunol.0900138 Wu, 2011, Attenuation of microglial and IL-1 signaling protects mice from acute alcohol-induced sedation and/or motor impairment, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 25, S155, 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.01.012 Xiang, 2011, Hemorrhagic shock activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in lung endothelial cells, Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 187, 4809, 10.4049/jimmunol.1102093 Youn, 2006, Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HMGB1 is regulated by phosphorylation that redirects it toward secretion, Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950), 177, 7889, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.7889 Zhang, 2001, Toll-like receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation: A phylogenetically conserved paradigm in innate immunity, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 107, 13, 10.1172/JCI11837 Zhou, 2014, Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mediates neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia, Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta, 1840, 2253, 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.02.027 Zou, 2014, Release of neuronal HMGB1 by ethanol through decreased HDAC activity activates brain neuroimmune signaling, PLoS One, 9, e87915, 10.1371/journal.pone.0087915