Conventional oxygen therapy versus CPAP as a ceiling of care in ward-based patients with COVID-19: a multi-centre cohort evaluation.

Wang, 2020, Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 323, 10.1001/jama.2020.1585 Vitacca, 2020, Early consensus management for non-ICU acute respiratory failure SARS-CoV-2 emergency in Italy: From ward to trenches, European Respiratory Journal, 55, 10.1183/13993003.00632-2020 Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). COVID-19 position statement: CPAP for COVID-19 related respiratory failure [Internet]. 2020 [updated 2020 Sept, cited 2021 July]. Available from http://www.sign.ac.uk. NHS England and NHS Improvement. Guidance for the role and use of non-invasive respiratory support in adult patients with coronavirus (confirmed or suspected) [Discontinued] [Internet]. 2020 [updated 2020 Apr, cited 2021 Jul]. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2020/03/specialty-guide-NIV-respiratory-support-and-coronavirus-v3.pdf. World Health Organisation (WHO). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected: interim guidance [Internet]. 2019 [updated 2020 Mar, cited 2021 Jul]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331446. Perkins, 2020, Trials, 21, 687, 10.1186/s13063-020-04617-3 Docherty, 2020, Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: Prospective observational cohort study, The BMJ, 369 Vaschetto, 2021, Outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure outside the intensive care unit, ERJ Open Research, 7, 10.1183/23120541.00541-2020 Aliberti, 2020, Helmet CPAP treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a multicentre cohort study, European Respiratory Journal, 56, 10.1183/13993003.01935-2020 Franco, 2020, Feasibility and clinical impact of out-of-ICU noninvasive respiratory support in patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia, European Respiratory Journal, 56, 10.1183/13993003.02130-2020 Ashish, 2020, CPAP management of COVID-19 respiratory failure: A first quantitative analysis from an inpatient service evaluation, BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 7, 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000692 Burns, 2020, Improved survival following ward-based non-invasive pressure support for severe hypoxia in a cohort of frail patients with COVID-19: Retrospective analysis from a UK teaching hospital, BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 7, 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000621 Faria, 2015, Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure following upper abdominal surgery, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015, 10.1002/14651858.CD009134.pub2 Liu, 2010, The application of bi-level positive airway pressure in patients with severe pneumonia and acute respiratory failure caused by influenza A (H1N1) virus, Journal of Thoracic Disease, 2 Vdoushkina, 2014, Noninvasive ventilation support in treatment of pneumonia A (H1N1), 44 Bradley, 2021, Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a ceiling of care treatment for hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19, Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 10.1177/1751143721996538 2020 NHS Health Research Authority. Decision tool: do I need NHS Research Ethics Committee review? [cited 2021 Jul]. Available from: http://www.hra-decisiontools.org.uk/ethics/. Zeger, 1988, Models for Longitudinal Data: A Generalized Estimating Equation Approach, Biometrics, 44, 10.2307/2531734 Pan, 2001, Akaike's information criterion in generalized estimating equations, Biometrics, 57, 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2001.00120.x Sablerolles, 2021, Association between Clinical Frailty Scale score and hospital mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 (COMET): an international, multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study, The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 2, 10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00006-4 Knight, 2020, Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: Development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score, The BMJ, 370 2019 Højsgaard, 2006, The R Package geepack for Generalized Estimating Equations, Journal of Statistical Software Allaire, 2015, RStudio: Integrated development environment for R, The Journal of Wildlife Management, 75 John C, Crickett R, Owen W, et al. P58 Reviewing the role of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with severe COVID-19: a multi-site observational study. 2021. DOI:10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.203. Chong, 2020, COVID-19: Use of the Clinical Frailty Scale for Critical Care Decisions, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68, 10.1111/jgs.16528 Coppadoro, 2021, Helmet CPAP to treat hypoxic pneumonia outside the ICU: an observational study during the COVID-19 outbreak, Critical Care, 25, 10.1186/s13054-021-03502-y Shah A, Naidu S, Saigal A, Hurst J, Lipman M, Mandal S. P56 Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with improved continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) outcomes in patients with hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. 2021. DOI:10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.201. Helvaci, 2021, Prevalence of Obesity and Its Impact on Outcome in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 10.3389/fendo.2021.598249 Parikh R, Garcia MA, Rajendran I, et al. ICU outcomes in Covid-19 patients with obesity. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease. 2020; 14. DOI:10.1177/1753466620971146.